Child Life Certification Exam questions with correct answers, Exams of Nursing

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Child Life Certification Exam questions with correct

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Emma Plank CORRECT ANSWER In Cleveland, helped create the child life movement in the 50s and 60s Wrote the book "working with children in hospitals" Mary Brooks CORRECT ANSWER In Philadelphia, helped create the child life movement in the 50s and 60s The Association for the Care of Children in Hospitals (1967) CORRECT ANSWER The first organization of personnel engaged in child life work All Programs are guided by these two primary objectives CORRECT ANSWER 1. to help children cope with the stress and anxiety of the hospital experience

2. to promote the child's normal growth and development while in the health care setting after returning hom Play CORRECT ANSWER It is a mechanism through which children learn, socialize, test their growing bodies, and, most importantly for hospitalized children, it is a way they cope with the unfamiliar and express their concerns. overt or active response CORRECT ANSWER crying, screaming, whining, clinging to parents, resisting medicine, being self-destructive, being destructive of the environment, fighting passive response CORRECT ANSWER excessive sleeping decreased communication decreased activity

decreased eating regressive behavior CORRECT ANSWER alterations in sleeping patterns eating too much or too little being tense, anxious, restless manifesting fears (of hospitals, needles, death, ect.) being overly concerned with one's body displaying compulsive behavior Vernon, Foley, Sipowicz and Schulman (1965) CORRECT ANSWER drawn a distinction between "immediate response" (behavior manifesting itself during the hospitalization) and "post-hospital response". Prugh, Staub, Sands, Kirschbaum and Lenihan (1953) CORRECT ANSWER Study that offers further evidence that a substantial percentage of children may suffer psychological upset as a result of hospitalization Skipper and Leonard (1968) CORRECT ANSWER explored the effects of providing additional information and support to mothers of hospitalized children Vernon et al (1965) CORRECT ANSWER -support the belief that psychological preparation is an effective means of reducing post-hospital upset -found that only four of these determinants had been sufficiently investigated to warrant summary and conclusion: unfamiliarity of the hospital setting separation from parents age

Detachment CORRECT ANSWER In this phase, children appear to be making a recovery, as they once again become active and interested in their surroundings The upset child CORRECT ANSWER The child is calm and quite, until the parents arrive. The protest by the child is in fact a positive and reassuring sign that the child has not yet slipped into the phase of detachment from the parents. The child's interest in material goods CORRECT ANSWER parents are met by an indifferent child, who shows far more interest in the wrapped package than in the parent who has brought it The 'highly social' child CORRECT ANSWER allow human beings to come and go without regret The child reluctant to leave CORRECT ANSWER this represents a child in the detachment phase Schaffer and Callender (1959) CORRECT ANSWER offer substantiation for the belief that young infants are less vulnerable than other infants Kassowitz (1958) and Levy (1960) CORRECT ANSWER found that young infants demonstrated less response to inoculation prior to the event than did older infants Campbell (1957) CORRECT ANSWER supports the idea that the "contagion hypothesis" (transmission of anxiety from parent to child) is operable for young infants

Scarr-Salapatek and Williams (1973) CORRECT ANSWER came to the conclusion that child life workers should design and implement a stimulation program for young infants to insure maximum development while hospitalized Anna Freud (1977) CORRECT ANSWER Hospitalization often requires the child to temporarily yield some or all of new found skills Burton (1975) CORRECT ANSWER Although any illness or hospitalization may place a severe stress on the family system, chronic conditions present their own special hazards (her study focused on patients with CF) Hargrove and Dawson (1972) CORRECT ANSWER claim that contentions concerning children's upset in the presence of parents are based on a number of questionable assumptions Care by parental units CORRECT ANSWER parents live with their children and retain the role of primary caregivers Gofman et al (1957) CORRECT ANSWER found that 57 percent of the parents whose children were hospitalized experienced "overwhelming anxiety" Hartley and Goldenson (1963) CORRECT ANSWER play is not only the child's response to life; it is his life, if he is to be a vital, growing, creative individual Garvey (1977) CORRECT ANSWER compiled a list of elements which characterize play: -play is pleasurable, enjoyable -play has no extrinsic goals

Parten (1932) CORRECT ANSWER first suggested a categorization of social participation, based on the play behavior of children unoccupied behavior CORRECT ANSWER children demonstrating this behavior seem not to be playing-watching, instead, whatever strikes them as interesting Onlooker Play CORRECT ANSWER although not actively involved in play themselves, these children focus their attention on the play activities of others, remaining close to the participating group solitary independent play CORRECT ANSWER children engaging in this play do so alone, using materials different from other children in the vicinity parallel activity CORRECT ANSWER this play is characterized by children playing in the same area with like materials, but with each using the materials in an independent manner associative play CORRECT ANSWER children interact with each other while engaged in a common activities cooperative or organized supplementary play CORRECT ANSWER play where a group goal has been developed Erikson (1963) CORRECT ANSWER To grow means to be divided into different parts which move at different rates

physical development CORRECT ANSWER 1) the child life worker should provide play activities commensurate with the child's level of development and medical condition

2. Activities should be adapted to the physical abilities of the child
3. the play setting and materials should be adapted to allow for participation by those with physical limitations social development CORRECT ANSWER 1) adequate, accessible space should be provided to allow patients to gather for play and interaction
4. the child life staff and other personnel should encourage contact among patients 3)group activities should be structured by the child life department to facilitate group interaction Intellectual development CORRECT ANSWER 1) stimulating activities should be provided for all age groups
5. direct exploration of the unique aspects of the hospital environment should be encouraged
6. the child life department should coordinate efforts with the school program and insure that every child's schooling continues appropriately Emotional development CORRECT ANSWER 1) provide materials conductive to self-expression and allowing the child to achieve mastery
7. be open and non-judgmental of the child's play
8. reflect the child's feelings through summarization of thoughts expressed of by labeling feelings expressed nonverbally
9. ask questions which probe the feelings of the children Trust vs mistrust CORRECT ANSWER Birth-1 year

try to make sense out of their lives, either seeing life as meaningful, whole or despairing at goals never reached, and questions never answered Frued CORRECT ANSWER a Viennese doctor who came to believe that the way parents dealt with children's basic sexual and agressive desires would determine how their personalities developed and whether of not they would end up well- adjusted as adults oral phase CORRECT ANSWER children are focused on the pleasures that they receive from sucking and biting with their mouths anal phase CORRECT ANSWER the focus shifts to the anus as they begin toilet training and attempt to control their bowels phallic stage CORRECT ANSWER the focus moves to genital stimulation and the sexual identification that comes with having or not having a penis genital stage CORRECT ANSWER adult sexual interests and activities come to dominate ego CORRECT ANSWER values and rules Kohlberg CORRECT ANSWER described three stages of moral development which described the process through which people learn to discriminate right from wrong to develop increasingly sophisticated appreciations or morality pre-conventional CORRECT ANSWER describes children whose understanding of morality is essentially only driven by consequences

conventional CORRECT ANSWER describes people who act in moral ways because they believe that following the rules is the best way to promote good personal relationships and a healthy community post-conventional CORRECT ANSWER describes people whose view of morality transcend what the rules or laws say Bronfenbrenner CORRECT ANSWER developed the ecological systems theory to explain how everything in a child and the child's environment affects how a child grows and develops microsystem CORRECT ANSWER the small immediate environment the child lives in mesosystem CORRECT ANSWER describes how different parts of a child's microsystem work together for the sake of the child exosystem CORRECT ANSWER includes other people and places that the child herself may not interact with often herself but that still have a large affect on her macrosystem CORRECT ANSWER the largest and most remote set of people and things to a child but which still has a great influence over the child attachment CORRECT ANSWER a special emotional relationship that involves an exchange of comfort, care and pleasure proximity maintenance CORRECT ANSWER the desire to be near the people we are attached to

Rosemary Bolig CORRECT ANSWER 5 basic approaches to child life programing: diversion activity/recreation child development therapeutic comprehensive the easy child CORRECT ANSWER this child showed regular eating, sleeping, elimination cycles, a positive approach response to new situations and could accept frustration with little fuss the difficult child CORRECT ANSWER this child showed irregular eating, sleeping and elimination cycles. They displayed a negative approach response to new situations, for example frequent and loud crying or throwing tantrums when frustrated. They are slow to adapt to change and need more time to get used to new food or people the slow-to-warm-up child CORRECT ANSWER this child showed negative response of mild intensity when exposed to the new situations, but slowly came to accept them with repeated exposure Ainsworth's "strange situation" assessment CORRECT ANSWER parents present with child child explores the room stranger enters parent quietly leaves parents returns to comfort the child

Social Learning Theory CORRECT ANSWER people learn from one another, via observation, imitation and modeling discovery learning CORRECT ANSWER a method of inquiry-based instruction, discovery learning believes that it is best for learners to discover facts and relationships for themselves Adler's theory CORRECT ANSWER each of us is born into the world with a sense of inferiority maslow's hierarchy of needs CORRECT ANSWER physiological, security, social, esteem and growth needs deficiency needs CORRECT ANSWER physiological, security, social and esteem needs growth needs CORRECT ANSWER maslow's highest level of the pyramid physiological needs CORRECT ANSWER include the most basic needs that are vital to survive security needs CORRECT ANSWER these include needs for safety and security social needs CORRECT ANSWER these include needs for belonging, love and affections self actualizing CORRECT ANSWER people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential

humanism CORRECT ANSWER a paradigm/philosophy/pedagogical approach that believes learning is viewed as a personal act to fulfill one's potential cognitivism CORRECT ANSWER essentially argues that the "black box" of the mind should be opened and understood constructivitism CORRECT ANSWER worldview posits that learning is an active, constructive process behaviorism CORRECT ANSWER a worldview that operates on a principle of "stimulus response" APIE CORRECT ANSWER assessment, plan, intervention and evaluation handbook of material covered CORRECT ANSWER an essential component of any student or volunteer orientation Purpose of child and family observation CORRECT ANSWER this determines strengths and coping techniques already in place for the child and family 7 months-4 years CORRECT ANSWER research indicates that children in this age group are most vulnerable to psychological stress when hospitalized The presence of an attachment figure CORRECT ANSWER the PRINCIPLE factor in reducing a child's susceptibility to fear and anxiety

Weekly meetings attended by all disciplines CORRECT ANSWER the best place for doctors and other staff to express concerns for the patients document in the patients chart and speak privately to the parents CORRECT ANSWER child life specialists communicate interpretation of a child's behavior to others by doing these steps Nonverbal communication CORRECT ANSWER infants primarily use and understand this as a means of communicating their needs to their caregiver safety of the patient CORRECT ANSWER the most important consideration when a policy is written concerning playroom use the purpose of quality management activities CORRECT ANSWER assure high quality, cost-effective child life care Azarnoff and Flegal (1975) CORRECT ANSWER discussed the importance of an outpatient play program the inpatient pediatric unit and the outpatient clinic CORRECT ANSWER generally the first ares in which child life services are organized Factors rating needs of children CORRECT ANSWER age of the patient high risk children medical condition manifested problems

-must be accessible by wheelchair or gurney -a variety of materials Lindheim, Glaser and Coffin (1972) CORRECT ANSWER suggest the construction of a large playpen type area with a soft, warm floor, free of all hazards, on which the infants may crawl field trips CORRECT ANSWER this activity helps children gain a better understanding of total operation of the hospital, making the whole experience more comprehensible an outpatient clinic visit CORRECT ANSWER children in this atmosphere are spared the necessity of dealing with many of the most terrifying elements confronting the hospitalized child the child life worker CORRECT ANSWER models behavior management skills in the play area, thereby permitting parents to observe techniques for dealing with their children Morris (1974) CORRECT ANSWER described a program at the mount sinai hospital pediatric clinic in new york city, designed to promote the cognitive development and language skills of disadvantaged young children Azarnoff (1970) CORRECT ANSWER noted that the basic goals of a play program in the outpatient clinic are "to make it easier for the child and his family to come to the clinic and to create an atmosphere in which the child is trusting enough to be cooperative"

the child life program in emergency room CORRECT ANSWER programs in this environment attempt to alleviate the concerns and anxieties of children and parents during the crisis situation three preparation elements CORRECT ANSWER 1) imparting information to the child

2. encouraging emotional expression
3. establishing trusting relationships with the hospital staff preparation and stress point supportive care CORRECT ANSWER parents and children were given information, urged to explore their feelings and, as a result of the process, developed a trusting relationship with an individual who could offer support at stressful points during the hospitalization Johnson, Kirchhoff and Endress (1975) CORRECT ANSWER explored the question of the type of information provided to children concerning forthcoming events Melamed and Siegel (1975) CORRECT ANSWER examined the value of filmed modeling in enhancing the preparation procedure preschool age CORRECT ANSWER the magic thinkers reluctant parents CORRECT ANSWER this group of parents may need the sensitive coaxing of the physician is they are to see the value of the preparation process Klinzing and Klinzing (1977) CORRECT ANSWER reported the success of experimental programs through which student nurses visited homes of children