Download CHM 1020 Final Exam Study Guide | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (G and more Exams Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! CHM 1020 Final Exam Study Guide | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated 2024/2025 (Graded A+) BMR - ✔✔is the amount of energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, in the post-absorptive state Alcohol - ✔✔any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a saturated carbon atom Amine - ✔✔formally derivatives of ammonia, where in one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group Amino Acid - ✔✔biologically important organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxylic acid (-COOH) functional groups, usually along with a side-chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Anode - ✔✔an electrode through which conventional current flows into a polarized electrical device. Biodegradation - ✔✔the disintegration of materials by bacteria, fungi, or other biological means Carboxylic - ✔✔an organic compound that contains a carboxyl group (C(O)OH). Catalysts - ✔✔a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change. Cathode - ✔✔the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device. Cellulose - ✔✔an organic compound with the formula (C6H10O5) n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. CFC's - ✔✔Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are nontoxic, nonflammable chemicals containing atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. Codon - ✔✔a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule. Deoxyribose - ✔✔more precisely 2-deoxyribose, is a monosaccharide with idealized formula H−(C=O)−(CH2)−(CHOH)3−H. Its name indicates that it is a deoxy sugar, meaning that it is derived from the sugar ribose by loss of an oxygen atom. Disaccharide - ✔✔a sugar (a carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides. Electrolysis - ✔✔a technique that uses a direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non- spontaneous chemical reaction. Enzymes - ✔✔are macromolecular biological catalysts. Ester - ✔✔are chemical compounds derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group. Ether - ✔✔a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups—of general formula R-O-R′ Fission - ✔✔either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts Fusion - ✔✔is a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to react and form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons and/or protons). Gamma Radiation - ✔✔extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation and therefore consists of high-energy photons Polyester - ✔✔a synthetic resin in which the polymer units are linked by ester groups, used chiefly to make synthetic textile fibers. Polyethylene - ✔✔a tough, light, flexible synthetic resin made by polymerizing ethylene, chiefly used for plastic bags, food containers, and other packaging. Polymer - ✔✔a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together Polysaccharide - ✔✔a carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together. Polyunsaturated Fat - ✔✔Polyunsaturated fats are lipids in which the constituent hydrocarbon chain possesses two or more carbon-carbon double bonds PVC - ✔✔polyvinyl chloride, more correctly but unusually poly(vinyl chloride), commonly abbreviated PVC, is the third-most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer, after polyethylene and polypropylene. Ribose - ✔✔a sugar of the pentose class that occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes. Saturated Fat - ✔✔A fat that contains only saturated fatty acids, is solid at room temperature, and comes chiefly from animal food products Sickle Cell Anemia - ✔✔a severe hereditary form of anemia in which a mutated form of hemoglobin distorts the red blood cells into a crescent shape at low oxygen levels. It is most common among those of African descent. Substrates - ✔✔the substance on which an enzyme acts. Synthetic Polymer - ✔✔are human-made polymers. From the utility point of view they can be classified into four main categories: thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers and synthetic fibers. Transgenic Plants - ✔✔are plants that have been genetically engineered, a breeding approach that uses recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics. Ultraviolet Radiation - ✔✔electromagnetic radiation or light having a wavelength greater than 100 nm but less than 400 nm. Ultraviolet radiation has a wavelength longer than that of x-rays but shorter than that of visible light. Vinyl Chloride - ✔✔a colorless toxic gas used in the production of polyvinyl chloride and other commercially important polymers. Vitrification - ✔✔is the transformation of a substance into a glass, that is to say a non-crystalline amorphous solid.
