CHST Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 100% Correct 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

Download CHST Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 100% Correct 2024 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! CHST Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions 100% Correct 2024 From a safety stand point which of the following is a lagging indicator? - Correct Answer-OSHA incidence rate A safety program begins begins by: - Correct Answer- Developing a policy statement. How should a manager discipline a first offense minor rule infraction. - Correct Answer-Oral reprimand. What is the most important factor in accident prevention. - Correct Answer-Management support. Which federal agency is likely user an activity hazard analysis on a construction project? - Correct Answer-U.S. Army corps of Engineers pg. 1 professoraxe l It is generally accepted that that the most effective safety program places responsibility for enforcing safety policies and procedures on the: - Correct Answer-Supervisors An air-purifying, half-face-icee respirator is expected to have a protection factor of: - Correct Answer-10 The local OSHA office just announced a Special Emphasis Program for employers with DART rate for 2008 of 6 or higher. You boss wants to know your firm's DART rate. In 2008 your injury-illness statistics were: - Correct Answer-# of days x 200,000/hours worked. Breathing air must meet at least the requirements of the specifications for: - Correct Answer-Grade D breathing air Carpal tunnel syndrome involves an injury to the median nerve. The nerve is compressed carpal tunnel. Carpal tunnel WILL NOT result in which of the following: - Correct Answer- Numbness in the little finger pg. 2 professoraxe l action would be considered by OSHA to be: - Correct Answer- A competent person A person who possesses a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing would be considered by OSHA to be: - Correct Answer-A qualified person. Which of the following Hazard Analysis Methods uses a deductive or backward thinking logic: - Correct Answer-Fault Tree Section 5(a)(1) of the OSHA Act: - Correct Answer-Is the General Duty Clause How many days does an employer have to contest an OSHA citation: - Correct Answer-15 working days from receipt of citation. What recourse do employers cited and fined by OSHA have? - Correct Answer-Appeal to OSHA and the Review Commission. Copies of all OSHA citations for violations of standards must be posted at or near the location of the alleged violations pg. 5 professoraxe l for______days, or until the violations are corrected, whichever is longer. - Correct Answer-3 OSHA's Focused Inspection Program will "Focus" the compliance officer's attention on which of Four leading causes of construction fatalities? - Correct Answer-Struck by, caught - in-between, electrocutions and falls from elevations. Calculate the total OSHA recordable incidence rate for a company if the recordable accidents are 40 and the total man hours are 1,500,500: - Correct Answer-Amount of hours (40) time 200,000 divided by (1,500,000) hours on job = TRIR You must notifyOSHA when there is a fatality on your site or if there are hospitalizing injuries to at least ___ employee(s) - Correct Answer-1 RAYNAUD'S Phenomnenon would likely be encountered during which operation? - Correct Answer-Operating a jack hammer by hand pg. 6 professoraxe l The Branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, prevalence, distribution and control of disease in human populations is: - Correct Answer-Industrial hygiene What is the TWA for the following exposure? 3 Hours at 1.0 PPM 2 Hours at 1.5 PPM 2 Hours at 0.5 PPM 1 Hour at 2.0 PPM - Correct Answer-1.125 A construction employee receives the following exposure to noise on a construction site during an 8-hour period: 3 hours @ 92 dBA 2 hours @ 95 dBA 3 hours @ 90 dBA The OSHA permissible exposures at these sound levels are: 90 dBA -8 hours 92 dBA - 6 hours pg. 7 professoraxe l Which is true of the hazard communication training? - Correct Answer-Training must include the method that may be used to detect a release of hazardous chemicals in their area. OSHA has specific requirements concerning personal protective equipment. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT concerning OSHA PPE requirements? - Correct Answer-The Employer does not have to pay for replacements PPE, except when the employee has lost or intentionally damaged the PPE The concept of ABC Analysis refers to: - Correct Answer- Behavioral psychologists' approach to analyzing behavior The "ABC" in ABC refers to: - Correct Answer-Antecedents, Behavior and Consequences According to OSHA 1926.800 - Underground Construction, the primary role of the designated above-ground duty person is to: - Correct Answer-Maintain a head count of personnel working underground and call for help in an emergency pg. 10 professoraxe l Which of the following statements is INCORRECT concerning the medical surveillance requirements of OSHA 1910.120? Hazardous waste site personnel should receive a physical or doctor's consultation: - Correct Answer-At least every six (6) months unless a physician says otherwise. When a physician submits a written report to an employer concerning the results of an employee's physical, what should the report contain? - Correct Answer-Physician's recommended limitations on employee's work assignments & Physician's opinion concerning medical problems which might place the employee at increased health risk from the proposed work. Employees will be exposed to 98 dBA for 8 hours/day. The hearing protection we have chosen has a noise reduction rating of 24 d BA. The client has questioned if the hearing protection selected will be adequate to reduce exposures to 90 dBA or less. The calculated estimated exposer (dBA) is: - Correct Answer-81 dBA The atmosphere in a confined space contains 15 ppm of chlorine. Assuming the respirator has a cartridge(s) suitable for use in chlorine, which face mask would be needed to pg. 11 professoraxe l prevent exposure above the OSHA PE of 1 ppm. - Correct Answer-Full Face Mask While participating in a pre-job hazard evaluation you note the job will involve land surveying, clearing and grubbing. Which of the following occupational illnesses should be of a concern to you? - Correct Answer-Lyme Disease You have been assigned to work with local emergency response agencies to develop a site specific emergency notification plan for a project that will involve large quantities of anhydrous ammonia and chlorine. Which document will provide you with the best information concerning evacuation distances and shelter-in-place locations? - Correct Answer-The DOT/North American Emergency Response Guidebook. You have just been assigned to a road construction project for which you have limited experience. Which publication would provide you with the most useful information on drafting a Temproary Traffic Control Plan for the project? - Correct Answer-DOT Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices The label on a 4-inch diameter grinding wheel says, "Danger - Do Not Exceed 12,000 surface feet per minute." The grinder pg. 12 professoraxe l When settling up a Hearing Conservation Program mandated under OSHA General Industry Standards you must do all of the following except: - Correct Answer-Mandate the use of a specific type of hearing protection. Your company will soon start cleaning and repairing chemical storage tanks at a large specialty chemical plant. Which reference book/document/would provide you with the most useful information on a board range of hazardous materials? - Correct Answer-The NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards The estimating department is bidding a job at a surface mine and wants to know how much trining each workers will need if the job lasts 18 months: - Correct Answer-24 hours be miner training and 8 hours annual refresher Your company has an Alcohol and Substance Abuse Program that requires a 13-panel test. Some of your employees must pass a DOT dug screen test that requires and 8-panel test. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the DOT test? - Correct Answer-You must perform a separate 80panel DOT drug screen. pg. 15 professoraxe l An estimator is bidding a job at a local refinery. The bid specifications requires workers to have a TWIC Card. What is this and who issues it? - Correct Answer-A Transportation Worker Identification Credential issued by the U.S. Government after a background check. As part of your site-specific safety plan you must train workers on the meaning of the U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Security (MARSEC)Levels. Which level requires the "highest" Security measures? - Correct Answer-MARSEC LEVEL 3 The most important factor in emergency response to any major event is to: - Correct Answer-Establish and work through the Incident Command System (ICS) A decision was made by a supervisor and the CHST to have an employee tested for alcohol and drugs as a result of the employee's erratic behavior, slurred speech and poor quality work. Testing under these conditions is best described as a / an ______ test - Correct Answer-Reasonable suspicion or for cause pg. 16 professoraxe l According to OSHA General Industry Standard 1910.38, an Emergency Action Plan must include all fo the following elements except: - Correct Answer-Annual dills Pedestrian back-over accidents are a major problem on construction sites. From a job planning standpoint the most proactive way to minimize pedestrian back-over incidents is to: - Correct Answer-Layout the job-site to reduce or eliminate the need for backing The OSHA General Industry Standard on PPE requires all of the following except: - Correct Answer-Employees to demonstrate they can use the PPE provided. As a part of the medical evaluation to wear respiratory protection OSHA requires the employer to provide the PLHCP with supplemental information. THe supplemental information that must be provided includes all of the following except: - Correct Answer-Employee drug screen results With respect to Workers' Compensation Claims Management and a return to work policy, proactive companies typically do all fo the following except: - Correct Answer-Prohibit pg. 17 professoraxe l Which of the following is NOT stipulated as a hazardous waste material attribute to which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency extends a designated waste code (e.g., #D001), as per 40 CFR 261, Subpart C? - Correct Answer-Mutagenicity The most useful tool that CHST's can potentially use for evaluating system safety levels at smaller scale worksites is a(n): - Correct Answer-Job Safety Analysis (JSA)(JHA) At what minimum frequency must electrical insulating gloves be tested to ensure they adequately protect workers against electrical shock? - Correct Answer-Every 6 Months - Correct Answer-Safety Goggles "Flash Point" is most accurately defined as which of the following? - Correct Answer-The lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air. Which of the following does a mobile-crane operator not need to be aware of in order to ensure a safe lift? - Correct Answer- The width of the jib pg. 20 professoraxe l To what part of the body does a body harness typically NOT distribute any significant fall-arrest force? - Correct Answer- Lower Back "Recommended weight limit" (RWL) is most accurately defined as which of the following? - Correct Answer-The weight that healthy workers could lift for up to eight hours without causing injuries. The Heinrich "incident to injury ration" model states that for every 330 accidents, __ result in no injuries, __ cause minor injuries, and __ cause(s) major injuries. - Correct Answer- 300,29,1 Which of the following is regarded as the "three E's of safety"? - Correct Answer-Engineering, education, enforcement Total case incident rate (TCIR) is calculated via which of the following? - Correct Answer-(Number of recordable injuries p[er year x 200,000) Divided by (Total hours worked) pg. 21 professoraxe l Which type of incident usually accounts for the highest fatality rate in the construction industry? - Correct Answer-Falls According to OSHA. Regulation 29 CFR 1926.651, a stairway, ladder, ramp or other safe means of egress shall be located in trench excavations that are ____ feet or more in depth? - Correct Answer-4 feet Which of the following is a common test used to check for cracks in a grinding wheel? - Correct Answer-The "ring test" Which of the following soil classifications is correct? - Correct Answer-Type "B" - Cohesive soil with a moderate comp;restive strength. Electrical "bonding" is best defined as: - Correct Answer- Connecting two or more conductive objects with a conductor to protect against electrocution. According to OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1910.242, the compressed-air pressure limit for cleaning operations shall not exceed____ pounds per square inch. - Correct Answer-30 pg. 22 professoraxe l Excavation cave-in protection is ALWAYS required when which of the following conditions are met? - Correct Answer-The excavation mainly comprises clay or silt, and is greater than five feet in depth. Which of the following is not a type of welding? - Correct Answer-Modulus welding Per OSHA regulation 29 CFR 1926.502, when a 200 pound load is applied in a downward direction to the top edge of a guardrail, it shall not deflect to a height any less than ____ above the walking or working level. - Correct Answer-39 inches Which of the following is NOT recommended course of actions for preventing falling-objects injuries to workers below a scaffold? - Correct Answer-A safety buffer zone of 12 feet around the perimeter of a scaffold, for every 10 feet of elevation, should be employed while the scaffold is in use. Which of the following types of construction equipment can NOT make inadvertent contact with overhead power lines? - Correct Answer-Bulldozers pg. 25 professoraxe l "Electrical bonding" is best described as? - Correct Answer- Connecting two or more conductive objects with a conductor to protect against electrocution. Whose ultimate responsibility is it to ensure that only well- maintained and operable hand and power tools a re utilized on a job site? - Correct Answer-The Employer Which of the following is NOT an OSHA-mandated standard for good housekeeping? - Correct Answer-Daily clear scrap lumber and associated debris from passageways and stairwells. Under current laws for workers' compensation, which of the following is NOT categorized as a potential injury category? - Correct Answer-Bilateral When the body's temperature regulation system fails and sweating becomes inadequate, which of the following heat- related conditions is likely at hand? - Correct Answer-Heat Stroke pg. 26 professoraxe l Which of the following generally NOT regarded by OSHA as a "control method" for preventing work-related injuries? - Correct Answer-Adherence to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FSLA) The ISO 14001 environmental management system is built upon which of the following models? - Correct Answer-Plan, do check, act Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of a "confined Space"? - Correct Answer-It has a continuous air supply Which of the following scenarios is indicative of a hazardous atmospheric environment? - Correct Answer-A flammable gas exists at a concentration of 25 percent of its LFL. Properly measuring for excessive heat or cold in the workplace (including workers themselves) could possibly entail any or all of the following EXCEPT: - Correct Answer- Requesting that workers initially perform scouting surveys of an area prior to performing measurements. pg. 27 professoraxe l What type of OSHA violation can result in a fine of up to 250,000 if an employee death occurs? - Correct Answer-Willful Violation When performing safety calculations, especially in regard to potential falls, which of the following correctly depicts the acceleration of gravity constant? - Correct Answer-32.2 ft/sec2 Using the Pythagorean Theorem, if a CHST wanted to find the length of "a" knowing that "b" = 12 ft and "c" = 13 ft, what would be the correct value for "a"? (Note: drawing is not to scale) - Correct Answer-5 ft Which of the following is typically included in a worksite analysis that addresses potential instances of workplace violence? - Correct Answer-A worksite security evaluation A safety intervention is defined as an action to modify how work is conducted with the ultimate goal being to enhance worker safety and health. Which of the following would NOT be characterized as a prototypical "safety intervention"? - Correct Answer-Lost-time trend evaluation pg. 30 professoraxe l Per OSHA 29 CFR 1910.23, a "floor-hole" is dimensionally defined as : - Correct Answer-Between 1 inch and 12 inches Per ANSI Standards (ANSI/ASSE A1264.2 - Slip resistance on walking/working surfaces), a coefficient of friction close to "0" is regarded as: - Correct Answer-Extremely slippery ASTM D 120-09 requires that rubber-insulating gloves for use in live electrical work exceeding ____ must be____. - Correct Answer-50 volts/Type 1 Which of the following is NOT typically considered a potential hazard for vehicles such as bulldozers, backhoes, and forklifts? - Correct Answer-Carbon monoxide overexposure Which of the following is NOT an example of " point-of- operation" guarding? - Correct Answer-Fiscal Guards At a construction worksite, which of the is NOT a system or device that is typically employed for limiting falls? - Correct Answer-Pitons and safety cables pg. 31 professoraxe l Which fo the following products is often utilized in the workplace for reducing hazards associated with standing for long periods of time? - Correct Answer-Anti Fatigue Mats Per OSH protocol, the use of fall-protection equipment must be used when a construction worker is at least ___ feet above the ground? - Correct Answer-6 Feet. Which of the following is NOT generally considered a control for storing materials safely? - Correct Answer-Storing pipes and bars in racks that face main aisles. During a rigging inspection, if the threat opening of a hook has increased in excess of ___ Percent of the original throat opening, it should be replaced. - Correct Answer-15 An emergency plan should always include procedures for sheltering in place, which need(s) to acknowledge which of the following? - Correct Answer-How to evacuate an area or structure when a shelter in place is executed. What is the definition of an "on-scene coordinator"? - Correct Answer-A person who is in charge of coordinating various pg. 32 professoraxe l Installed ramps must have a slope of less than___ degrees for the general public and less than ___ degrees for handicapped access. - Correct Answer-15,11 Freeze plugs are used with water and water-based liquids to control hydraulic pressure. They operate under the principal of the subjected liquid expanding as it approaches its freezing point. As the liquid gets colder and expands, the freeze plug allows it to____. - Correct Answer-Drain. Which of the following is NOT a typically implemented control for reverting a materials-handling accident? - Correct Answer- Creating linear, narrow passageways or lanes for movement of materials outside of work areas. Which of the following is NOT considered a primary objective of workers' compensation laws? - Correct Answer-To institute appropriate accident investigation protocols in order to determine individual culpability. A "leading indicator" is best defined as which of the following? - Correct Answer-An objective measure that is used to assess proactive actions taken to improve organizational performance. pg. 35 professoraxe l In regard to soil or other earthen material, the "angel or repose" is best defined as: - Correct Answer-The natural angle that soil forms when it is piled up or when it collapses. What is the "range" of the following set of values: 12, 3,19,8,37,5,26,44,19? - Correct Answer-41 What is the most appropriate response for a significant "near miss" that occurs on a worksite? - Correct Answer-Responding to it as if it were an injury incident, by completing a root-cause analysis and developing action plans to prevent potential recurrences. Routinely scheduled inspections are an integral part of an effective occupational health and safety system. As such, the frequency of inspections must be aligned with___posed by an operation, in conjunction with___. - Correct Answer-Degree of risk/regulatory requirements Which of the following would NOT typically regarded as a safeguard against machine and tool accidents? - Correct Answer-Administrative or procedural upgrades to deficient work process. pg. 36 professoraxe l Which of the following would NOT be considered a "noneconomic" cost associated with an occupational injury? - Correct Answer-Administrative or procedural upgrades to deficient work processes. Statistical "variance" provides quantitative information about the degree to which a set of data values is spread apart, and also conveys how close an individual value is to the average relative to the other values in the set. "Variance" is thus calculated as which of the following? - Correct Answer- (Standard Deviation)2 Which of the following is true regarding environmental hazards? - Correct Answer-A. Effects often cannot be observed directly B. Effects are generally cumulative and typically only appear over time C. Radiation can be an environmental hazard D. All of the above D. All of the above pg. 37 professoraxe l Which of the following is true for "relief valves"? - Correct Answer-They close automatically when system pressure returns to normal Which of the following is NOT a typical hazard associated with the use hand vehicles such as dollies, cards, wheelbarrows, and hand trucks? - Correct Answer-Skill of the worker A "lagging" indicator is best defined or exemplified by which of the following? - Correct Answer-A metric or occurrence that has transpired after a workplace injury has occurred. Which of the following is true of hand-tool safeguarding? - Correct Answer-Bent handles on various hand tools can help prevent tissue compression disorders. Which of the following is NOT a typically employed safety measure associated with ladder use? - Correct Answer-Placing ladders far enough from a wall so that toes can be comfortably emplaned on the rungs. pg. 40 professoraxe l Which of the following is generally true regarding the use of hearing-protection PPE? - Correct Answer-Muffs are typically more effective against hearing loss than earplugs. Which of the following is NOT a type of ionizing radiation? - Correct Answer-Microwaves Which of the following is NOT a typically employed safety measure associated with scaffold use? - Correct Answer-Using safety belts or lanyards when working on scaffolding at a height of 15 or more above ground level. Which of the following actions is considered beneficial to reducing the risk of tripping hazards? - Correct Answer- Avoiding changes in elevation that consist of one or two steps At a construction site, which of the following ionizing radiation sources cold a worker most likely be exposed to? - Correct Answer-Radium and radon within earthen materials To effectively follow up on and correct audit findings, subject items should be appropriately organized into which of the following categorization groupings? - Correct Answer- pg. 41 professoraxe l Nonconformance - area of concern - opportunities for improvement. The purpose of tracking incidents and collecting data is to use that data as a ___ tool that provides feedback on performance and resultantly guides active response. - Correct Answer- Continuous - improvement A well-stocked first-aid kit would ordinarily NOT include the following: - Correct Answer-Syringes Which of the following is NOT an accurate categorization for explosives, as per U.S. Department of Transportation regulations? - Correct Answer-Class "D" - includes fireworks and other minimally hazardous explosives. According the the "human Factors Theory of Accidents Causation," accidents are primarily caused by human error resulting from which of the following groupings? - Correct Answer-Overload - inappropriate response - inappropriate activities pg. 42 professoraxe l The most common type of workplace injury: - Correct Answer- Sprains and strains What is the most frequently injured part of the body in the workplace? - Correct Answer-Back Which of the following is NOT usually a common cause of workplace injuries or incidents? - Correct Answer- Overexposure to hazardous substances Which of the following is NOT usually considered one of the most common cause of workplace accidents? - Correct Answer-Moral Which of the following is NOT usually considered an engineering control for protecting workers from hazardous exposures in the workplace? - Correct Answer-Remediation What is the primary purpose of a lanyard in a fall-protection system? - Correct Answer-Lanyards connect safety harnesses to anchoring points. pg. 45 professoraxe l In a construction area "rigging" apparatuses are best defined as which of the following? - Correct Answer-Ropes, chains, or slings affixed between a lifting device and a load. Which of the following is NOT considered typical personal protective equipment? - Correct Answer-UV- rated sunglasses On average, as many as ___ of workplace injuries involving lost time are related to hand tools. - Correct Answer-8 Percent A "winch" is a type of: - Correct Answer-Lifting device A two-gallon container of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is found in a storage cabinet at a construction site. MEK has a flash point of 16 F and a boiling point of 175 F. What class of flammable liquid is MEK? - Correct Answer-IB A job hazard analysis is performed for an upcoming construction task in a normal-oxygen environment that many likely involve high levels of lead and beryllium dust. Which type of respiratory protection would be deemed most appropriate for this activity? - Correct Answer-An air- purifying, full face respirator. pg. 46 professoraxe l A respirator is equipped with a canister that is specifically designed for filtering ammonia gas. Per OSHA guidance, which of the following colors should the canister portray? - Correct Answer-Green Which of the following logs does NOT typically fall under the realm of "design documentation" for a construction project? - Correct Answer-Purchase order logs Which of the following is typically NOT beneficial for enhancing construction ergonomics? - Correct Answer-Dolly aligners Construction contractors should generate or maintain a(n) ___ that acknowledges: 1. Daily weather conditions, 2 on-site employees and subcontractors, 3 deliveries of of critical construction materials, 4 visit by third parties (e.g., project architects, owners, or engineers), 5 discoveries of previously unknown site conditions, discrepancies in plans, or conflicts, 6 important conversations that are held, and 7 any other noteworthy events. - Correct Answer-Daily diaries pg. 47 professoraxe l Protective certified headwear (hard hats, helmets) must be worn in any construction area that entails hazards from direct impacts, falling objects, flying objects, burns, and _____. - Correct Answer-Life jacket Construction employees working over or near water, where the danger of drowning exists, shall be provided with: - Correct Answer-Lie jacket Construction employees working over or near water, where the danger of drowning exists, shall be provided with: - Correct Answer-U.S. Coast Guard-Approved life jackets or buoyant work vests. A "type-A" rated fire extinguisher is effective against which type of fire? - Correct Answer-Trash, wood, or paper Per OSHA 29 CFR 1926.404 states that: All ___-volt single- phase____ receptacle outlets on construction sites, which are not a part of the permanent writing of a building or structure and which are in use by employees, shall have approved ground-fault circuit interrupters for personnel protection. - Correct Answer-120, 15- and, 20 ampre pg. 50 professoraxe l Per OSHA 20 CFR 1926.441, which of the following is NOT stipulated in regard to proper battery storage and charging protocol? - Correct Answer-Facilities for quick drenching of the eyes and body shall be provided within 100 feet (30.48m) of battery handling areas. Construction worksite fall-protection training MUST include or acknowledge which of the following? - Correct Answer-The use and operation of guardrail systems and controlled access zones Per OSHA 29 CFR 1926.555 which of the following is NOT a mandated requirement for conveyors used at a construction worksite? - Correct Answer-If the conveyor operator station is at a remote point, a stop switch for the conveyor motor shall not be provided at the motor location. Employees engaged in site-clearing activities shall be protected from the hazards of ___ - Correct Answer-Irritant and toxic plants pg. 51 professoraxe l Which of the following is NOT a typical "shoring" Technique used for trenching and excavating? - Correct Answer-Base- mounted shoring Which of the following construction tools or machines is NOT considered "high-risk"? - Correct Answer-Conveyor Which of the following is NOT a type of concrete or concrete- related operation used in the construction industry? - Correct Answer-Rubber cement During demolition preparation activities, if any hazardous substance(s) is/are apparent or suspected, ___shall be conducted, and the hazard is to be eliminated before demolition is started. - Correct Answer-Testing and purging Per OSHA 1926.961, which of the following is NOT considered typical standard operating procedure for the re-energization of lines and equipment? - Correct Answer-Ensuring that no one initiates action to reenergize lines or equipment at a point of disconnection until all subject components are verified as grounded. pg. 52 professoraxe l The only time a body belt may be used where there may be a fall hazard is when a construction worker is using a(n) - Correct Answer-Positioning device A "warning line system" is conventionally defined as which of the following? - Correct Answer-An erected barrier on a rooftop to warn workers they are approaching an unprotected side or edge Potentially fatal "orthostatic incompetence" is defined as which of the following? - Correct Answer-The experienced medical effects of being immobilized or suspended in a vertical position Which of the following is NOT a typical hazard associated with welding, cutting, and brazing operations? - Correct Answer- Asphyxiation Which of the following software tools would be most appropriate for safety-program record keeping and audit tracking? - Correct Answer-Database software pg. 55 professoraxe l Security and privacy of worker personal health records is covered by law under which of the following? - Correct Answer-HIPAA Which of the following substances is commonly used in oxygen-due; welding and cutting? - Correct Answer-Acetylene Which of the following is NOT a "common" hazardous occurrence resulting from the misuse or poor maintenance of a hand tool? - Correct Answer-A stripping a pliers' set-screw while in use "White finger" in the construction workplace is typically caused by which of the following? - Correct Answer-The continuous use of vibrating hand-held machinery What is the MOST important safety rule to always remember when using a portable circular saw? - Correct Answer-Never hold or balance a piece of material in one hand while trying to operate the saw with the other Lifting frequency is the average number of lifts performed over a ___mimnute period - Correct Answer-15 pg. 56 professoraxe l Which of the following is NOT an example of a compressed-air (pneumatic) tool used on a construction site? - Correct Answer-Brazing torch Which of the following is TRUE regarding OSHA inspections? - Correct Answer-The employer must accompany the compliance officer on the inspection A construction company had three (3) recordable injuries, with one of them resulting in 65 days of lost time. The total number of hours worked was 248,620. What is the calculated "severity rate" associated with these statistics. - Correct Answer-DART Days x 200,000 divided by hours worked 248,620 = 58.29 The "tangent" of l ABC is equal to: - Correct Answer-The trigonometric "tangent" of angel lABC is equal to "b/a" ("opposite segment divided by adjacent segment" or " height divided by base") A strong acid typically has a pH around___, and a strong base typically has a pH around___. - Correct Answer-1, 14 pg. 57 professoraxe l 3. Placards assist material handlers in preparing for the removal of trans-shipment of hazmat in accordance with OSHA and D.O.T. Regulations. 4. Hazardous material placarding assists local agencies in controlling hate passage of hazmats through tunnels and bridges and within confined population areas. List four objectives of the Construction Health and Safety Technician (CHST) - Correct Answer-The chief goals of Construction Health and Safety Technicians are: 1. To perform worksite monitoring of all equipment and environmental factors impacting the health and safety of onsite construction workers. 2. The manner in which equipment is used is a primary safety concern of the CHST. 3. To participate in the development of a safety plan custom suited to each specific job site. pg. 60 professoraxe l 4. To train and educate workers in the area of specific federal, state, and construction workers. 5. To be knowledgeable about a variety of specific known and recurring hazards which are peculiar to construction sites. List two common types of construction accidents and explain how the incidence of injury may be curtailed. - Correct Answer-Fatal injuries are more common in the construction field than for the national average of all industries combined. Two common injury types injury types reported at construction sites include: Falls: Construction workers are often required to work on roofs, on scaffolding, and within the iron or concrete frameworks of buildings. Many injuries are due to falls from heights. Slippery surfaces and changing weather conditions account for a portion of these falls. Safety protection against falls includes the use of aerial lifts and elevated platforms with guardrails and solid grip surfaces. Safety nets and restraint harnesses also minimize injury to workers. pg. 61 professoraxe l Trench collapse: Workers are commonly injured by the collapse of trenches dug into the earth. OSHA requires a certain depth to height relationship between trench walls and the surrounding ground. The degree of angle prescribed for trenching varies with the type of materials or ground into which the trenching is being made. Shorting and shielding for workers who must be active in trenches can prevent workers from being injured in cave-ins. Describe protective measures which can be taken to prevent the occurrence of worker injury in construction trenching. - Correct Answer-When a trenching system is to be dug to a depth of twenty feet or more, a professional engineer is required to design a safe, strong, and reliable method of shoring up the excavation. At depths of less than 20 feet: The CHST Must be familiar with ground materials and slope requirements. Soil types are categorized as types A,C,C. The angle of a trench wall depends on the category type into which the excavation has been made. pg. 62 professoraxe l Stairwells and ladders are not storage areas. They should not be encumbered or obstructed with equipment, materials, or suspended objects. Ladders must be examined for worn or weak structure. They should be of sufficient length to reach comfortably to the work area. Metal ladders should not be used near electrical power lines. All ladders should be of sufficient strength to support workers and equipment. List six areas of concentration the Construction Health and Safety Technician can focus upon to minimize scaffolding injuries and falls. - Correct Answer-The CHST Should consider the following basic concerns when examining scaffolding: Scaffolding must be placed upon solid footings and stable ground. Specifications state that scaffolding must be of sufficient strength to hold more than four times its specified weight. Scaffolding is not intended for permanent storage of equipment or materials. Unstable and unnecessary objects must not be placed upon or hung from scaffolding. pg. 65 professoraxe l The movement of scaffolding or alterations to scaffolding must be monitored by the appropriate supervisory authority or "competent persons." Competent persons must conduct continuous monitoring of scaffolding brackets, trusses, and braces for wear damage. Ropes and rigging used in suspension scaffolding must be inspected for damage at the beginning and during each shift. Ropes and rigging are to be kept away from heat sources which might cut or melt the fivers. Scaffolding must be at least 10 feet from electrical power lines. Scaffolds must have toe boards, guardrails, and mid-rails. Define the abbreviation "MSDS" and explain its relevance to the CHST - Correct Answer-The abbreviation "MSDS" means "Material Safety Data Sheets." This form is mandatory for all products containing hazardous chemicals in a concentration higher than one percent. Other facts about the MSDS: pg. 66 professoraxe l If a substance is carcinogenic or potentially cancer causing, the MSDS is required at concentration levels of only 1/10th of one percent. An MSDS has sixteen basic categories of information provided about the chemical product, though not all categories are relevant to certain products. Required information provided on an MSDS includes: identifying information for company of origin, type of chemical, the type of hazardous effect the chemical may have one workers, first aid and firefighting measures, handling and storage, personal protective measures to be used, stability, reactivity, disposal concerns, and other categories which may or may not pertain. Make a checklist of at least five areas the CHST must consider when evaluating the safe use of cranes at the construction site. - Correct Answer-Construction cranes account for a high percentage of workplace injury and accidents on construction sites. The CHST can implement several strategies to minimize injury from unsafe conditions: pg. 67 professoraxe l Backup warning signals should be examined and determined to be in good working order. List the responsibilities of the Constructing Health and Safety Technician in the area of hazardous chemicals. - Correct Answer-The CHST has responsibility for worker protection from chemical hazards in the workplace. Accident preventive strategies pertaining to hazardous chemicals may include: A spill prevention plan. Such a plan should be formulated for each type of chemical containing product used in the workplace. The MSDS for that particular product should be reviewed and considered in devising the specific plan for that product. A spill-kit should be placed in advance close to the vicinity fo where the chemical will be used. Workers in the vicinity of hazardous chemicals and materials should be informed of proper handling techniques and protective measures. This information can be provided through oral instruction and reinforced by appropriate signage. Language and instructions should be clear and understandable. pg. 70 professoraxe l In addition to verbal directives, workers should be encouraged to read the MSDS themselves and to take the recommended personal protection measures. The CHST should emphasize the importance of following MSDS requirements for safe storage and disposal of hazardous materials. Describe the manner of of communication fo OSHA "HAZCOM" standards between workers and employers at construction sites where hazardous chemicals are used. - Correct Answer-Employers may be cited for failing to communicate HAZCOM information to workers: Temporary employment agencies are expected to provide general training to employees who may be placed in worksites where chemicals are used. On-site employers are expected to provide specific training in the individual chemicals used when the worker arrives at the job site. The construction manager must maintain and keep MSDS information in a place where it can be easily accessed by the individual worker. Proper hazardous materials labeling must be put on the product before it leaves manufacturing. If hazardous pg. 71 professoraxe l chemicals are transferred to the other containers, the construction company must re-label all containers with necessary information. Computers may be used to store MSDS data so long as the workers have easy access to the MSDS within the area where they work. If there is any impediment to computerized access, paper documents must be kept in the work area. List four areas of personal protective equipment and provide examples of each. - Correct Answer-Four areas where personal protective equipment is a major factor in accident prevention are in the areas of head protection, face and eye protection, feet protection, and hand protection: Hand Protection: Gloves should be appropriate to the task. To prevent concrete poisoning, non-pours rubber gloves must be used. Specific glove designs should be used for welding, whereas another non-conductive type is used for electrical work. Head Protection: Hard hats are the rule and should be regularly inspected for damage or wear. pg. 72 professoraxe l The injury occurs outside working hours through voluntary activity not directed by the employer or related to employee not. The injury is caused by motor vehicle accident during a commute to or from work. Common cold and flu are not considered work-related if the employee contracted the desensitized while working at a jobsite as a condition of employment. Mental illness is not considered work related unless that is determined and adequately documented by a licensed mental health care practitioner. Describe the usage of OSHA forms 300, 300A, and Form 301 - Correct Answer-Work-related injuries must be reported on OSHA forms 300, 300A, and Form 301. Listing injuries on an OHSA required form does not in itself mean that an employee is entitled to worker's compensation on other benefits or that the determination is made on the basis of what is noted on the form. pg. 75 professoraxe l An OSHA 300 form is required for injuries resulting in death, loss of consciousness, absence from work due to injury, medical treatment other than simple on-site first aid, injuries which cause job restriction or transfer to jobs other than the employee's specific job function. OSHA Form 300A represents the sum total of all OSHA 300 injuries reported during a year. Form 300A breaks the types of injuries down into individual categories. OSHA Form 301 is a public posting of job-related injuries noted on the OSHA 300. Employees have the right to know about injuries sustained at the workplace and may review an employers injury and illness records. List 10 areas of the construction environment in which workers may be exposed to asbestos. - Correct Answer- Asbestos is the common name for a group of minerals like chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, and other mineral compounds used and found in the construction workplace: Surfacing materials contain asbestos substances. These may be sprayed, brushed, or troweled onto surfaces. Wallboard, pg. 76 professoraxe l floor tiles, and mastics are all commonly found to contain asbestos materials. Asbestos products are found in thermal insulation piping, tanks, ducts, boilers, and other heating and cooling equipment structures. There are four classes of asbestos-related construction activity listed according to the degree of hazard and contact. These categories range from Class 1 to Class IV. Each exposure class has a specific individual protocol for handling ACM (asbestos containing material). OSHA requires that the process of handling ACM be managed by "Competent persons". List three types of medical treatment which do not meet the Osha workplace definition of "medical treatment" and are not listed on the OSHA 300 log. - Correct Answer-Certain types of medical treatment do not require the filling of an OSHA 300 injury accident report. pg. 77 professoraxe l Irrigating the eye or using an eye patch to protect the eyes is a first aid measure. Swabbing or using Q-tips to remove the foreign bodies from eyes, ears, or skin surfaces. Icing or applying heat to a bruise, wound, or sore joint or appendage. The administration of eight Tetanus shot is considered a preventative first first aid measure since the affected workers does not have the Tetanus disease. The application of splints, braces, or stretcher boards to keep a person immobilized is considered a first aid measure. In the use of first aid measures, serious injury may have occurred but has not yet been diagnosed. Describe the steps the CHST must follow upon learning of a worker's injury. - Correct Answer-The construction health and pg. 80 professoraxe l safety technician has seven calendar days to decide whether to or not a case must be recorded on an OSHA reporting form. Determine whether the case is work-related or whether injury occurred during the commute to work or during the workers private time. Decide whether or not to he injury stems from a pre-existing injury and whether or not it was aggravated by a new workplace incident requiring medical treatment. Determine which OSHA form is required. Be aware of the fact that substitute forms are acceptable so long as they meet OSHA reporting requirements. Unless there are special privacy concerns, identify the employee, the time and location where the injury occurred, and provide a narrative describing the incident and telling how and why it may have occurred. It must be noted on the reporting form whether the incident is best described as an injury or as an illness. pg. 81 professoraxe l The seriousness of the injury or illness must be addressed by checking or circling the appropriate response on the form used. Provide the definition and provide examples of a workplace injury. Be careful to differentiate it from an illness. - Correct Answer-Categorizing a work-related incident as an injury or an illness can be confusing since both categories can occur in the workplace. Typically, an injury stems from a workplace event such as a lip, trip, or a fall or any physical activity which plays a major part in the occurrence of injury. Fractures, cuts, abrasions, contusions, and accidental amputations are injuries caused by falling, tripping, bumping or other general physical movements. Electrocution, thermal, and chemical burns have an immediate and visible injurious effect upon the body and tare prime examples of work injury. Injuries like sprains, muscle tears, joint and connective tissue damage often occur due to lifting, stretching, or applying bodily force to heavy objects. These also fall into the category of workplace injury. pg. 82 professoraxe l Demonstrating mathematically the amount of progress a construction company has made in preventing or limiting the number of injury and illness cases within a specific work environment. Provide some examples of workplace illness. Be careful to differentiate it from an injury. - Correct Answer-Workplace illnesses often take the form of skin disorders. Other workplace illnesses may have a respiratory origin. Poisoning accounts for still other workplace illnesses. A partial list of workplace illnesses would include: Skin diseases: Eczema, dermatitis, blisters, rashes, or other inflammation may be caused by environmental factors. Exposure of uncovered body parts to concrete may, over time, result in a painful skin conviction which limits or prevents working. Respiratory conditions: These are common environmental hazards in the workplace. Asbestosis, silicosis ("Black Lung") TB, certain forms of asthma, COPD, and chronic obstructive bronchitis are just a few examples of respiratory diseases caused by tiny airborne particles. pg. 85 professoraxe l Poisoning: Harmful metals in the environment can be absorbed into the human body with disastrous results. Gasses, metals, and solvents are often found in construction areas. Mercury, arsenic, cadmium and lead are poisonous components found commonly in old construction. Carbon monoxide poisoning can result from equipment motors and engines. Solvents like benzoyl or Barton tetrachloride are other examples of chemical poisons causing worker injury. List several places where the construction health and safety technician could find information regarding the total number of non fatal injuries and illnesses occurring at a construction site. - Correct Answer-When processing an incident rate computation, there are several places where the construction health and safety tech India can find information regarding the total number of non fatal injuries and illnesses at a worksite. OSHA Form 300 - a sum of all forms 300s can be manually continued and added according to category. OSHA form 300A - This form breaks down the number of recordable cases into separate categories. pg. 86 professoraxe l Column H: Column H shows the number of cases with days away from work Column I: Shows the number of cases where job restriction or transfer applies. Column J: Shows the sum of all other recordable cases. The Sum total of columns H,I and J can be added to obtain the total number of recordable non-fatal injuries and illnesses.' An additional and quick reference source for incidence rates can be found if a company was included in the yearly surveys conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Explain the process of computing "incidence rate" for a control group of 100 full time workers at a construction site. - Correct Answer-Typically, incidence rate computations are take from the work hours of a 100 member representative group of full time workers. The 100 member group is an arbitrary figure often used in presenting statistical data. Smaller or larger group sizes may be used. However, 100 full time workers is the usual representative sample. pg. 87 professoraxe l worker's negligence or failure to act to prevent injury. In such cases, the employer was not held responsible for workers injury. The "fellow servant rule" is no longer applicable to workers injury. The "fellow servant rule" is no longer applicable to worker's compensation cases. TSCA and RCRA are two departments of the environmental protection agency: TSCA: TSCA is the abbreviate for a 1997 law passed by congress and called the toxic substances control act. The Act allows the environmental protection agency to regulate, enforce, monitor and control new and existing chemical substances which pose a risk to public and worker health. RCRA: This is an abbreviation for the resource conservation and recovery act. The act provides authority for regulation and enforcement of rules regarding the handling and disposal of hazardous waste. It's more prominent regulations involve the conscientious label of all hazardous materials containers in work areas as well as appropriate clean up plans Define the acronyms: CFR, CHEMTREC, and JSA - Correct Answer-The Terms are the common abbreviated forms of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), the Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC), and Job Safety Analysis (JSA) pg. 90 professoraxe l The code of Federal Regulations is not a book of laws. Rather, it is a complication of written regulations and guidelines based on legislative acts. The CFR's or Code of Federal Regulations have their basis in law, in other worlds. Enforcement arms of federal agencies like the Department of Labor and OSHA prosecute cases based on the underlying federal laws of the CFRs. Environmental protection regulation is covered under title 40 CFR, for example. CHEMTREC is a 24 hour hotline which provides advice and assistance to transporters of hazardous materials. Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is the process of establishing and revisiting safety plans and accident prevention procedures in each step of a job. Describe four concerns of "system safety analysis" - Correct Answer-Safety Analysis is the analytical study of the interacting components of a process. Consider the construction of a large building as an example of safety analysis in a series of steps: pg. 91 professoraxe l Safety analysis is begun when the project is in the concept stage. Engineers will consider the materials to be used, the equipment needed, the amount of labor required, response to weather conditions and the topographical conditions of the workplace. Planners will develop strategies for dealing with inclement weather which may cause slips, and falls. Other strategies will involve hazardous materials labeling of waste containers. Planners will establish priorities for the operation and location of equipment and its proximity to generator or motor power sources. The establishment of electric power in the building, for example, would follow the installation of framing and plumbing. Safety Analysis is contrast and may need revision as system and conditions change during the course construction. Describe the meaning and purpose of ANSI standard Z89.1. List four specifications outlined in the standard. - Correct Answer-ANSI is the acronym for the American National Standards Institute. ANSI standard Z89.1 is concerned with the specifications of Hard Hats required on construction sites to protect from dropped or falling objects. pg. 92 professoraxe l of 1970. The original OSHA Act has undergone several revisions and amendments. The parent organization of NIOSH is Health and Human Services (HHS), a cabinet level agency. HHS was formerly called the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Under today's HHS is the Public Health Service (PHS). Beneath PHS in the federal agency hierarchy is the Center for Disease Control or CDC. NIOSH is an agency branch located within the Center for disease Control (CDC). NIOSH is responsible for identifying hazards associated with newly developed and existing chemical compounds and other work hazards. It conducts training programs and funds safety research. NIOSH also performs injury and disease investigation in the workplace. HHS, the parent agency, is responsible for enforcement of NIOSH violations and prosecutions. Describe the process of safety analysis of construction worksite individual steps , known hazards, and possible solutions. - Correct Answer-The process of safety analysis of construction worksite individual steps, known hazards, and pg. 95 professoraxe l possible solutions is best accomplished by Job Safety Analysis Techniques. Other methods of job safety analysis may be too complex for manageable use on the worksite. MORT, or Management Oversight and Risk Tree analysis, is not conducive to small task analysis because it contains up to 1500 data components which must be evaluated. Job Safety Analysis or JSA is appropriate for many smaller construction applications because it relies on evaluation by persons close and familiar with the various job functions. JSA is conducted by skilled workers familiar with specialized construction tasks and by their first line supervisors. Describe arguments for and against the delegation of authority to safety engineers and technicians to shut down construction sites. - Correct Answer-The authority to shut own construction sites for reasons of unsafe conditions is hotly debated and is a constant source of labor-management friction. The CHST should be aware that the argument has to sides: pg. 96 professoraxe l PRO: Those who argue that authority should be granted to safety engineers and technicians to shut down operations when conditions are unsafe say that profit demands are in conflict with safety concerns. Proponents of this view say that safety engineers should make these assessments independent of a company profits or other mission goals. CON: Those who oppose delegation of shut-down authority by independent safety technicians and engineers argue that relationships this authority can be abused and leads to poor working relationships between management and workers. This side argues that management is just as concerned with worker safety as the independent safety officials. Explain OSHA's definition of a "highly toxic" substance. Provide two examples of potential injury stemming from toxic substances. - Correct Answer-According to OSHA, a "highly toxic" substance is one which may be fatal or cause damage to internal organs as a result of a single exposure or an exposure of relatively short duration. Organ damage effects fall into categories depends upon the area affected. Two common areas of organ damage by highly toxic substances are: Nephrotoxins: Kidney damage results from exposure to highly toxic substances because the liver is an organ which filters the pg. 97 professoraxe l