Purdue OWL: Citation Styles Guide for Books, Periodicals, Websites, and More, Lecture notes of History

Download Purdue OWL: Citation Styles Guide for Books, Periodicals, Websites, and More and more Lecture notes History in PDF only on Docsity! The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart Updated October 2017 1 Category MLA APA CMOS General Approach The Modern Language Association (MLA) provides a method for source documentation that is used in most humanities courses. The humanities place emphasis on authorship, so most MLA citation involves recording the author’s name in the physical text. The author’s name is also the first to appear in the “Works Cited” page at the end of an essay. The most recent MLA formatting can be found in the eighth edition of the MLA manual. The American Psychological Association (APA) provides a method for source documentation that is used in most social sciences courses. The social sciences place emphasis on the date a work was created, so most APA citation involves recording the date of a particular work in the physical text. The date is usually placed immediately after the author’s name in the “References” page at the end of an essay. The most recent APA formatting can be found in the sixth edition of the APA manual. The Chicago Manual of Style (CMOS) includes two systems for citation: a notes and bibliography (NB) system and an author-date (AD) system. The NB system is used in most history courses. History places much emphasis on source origins, so footnotes and endnotes are used to demonstrate on-page where a particular piece of information came from. In CMOS, a number is assigned to a particular fact in the text, and the correlating footnote or endnote will link the source to the text and to the bibliography. The most recent CMOS formatting can be found in the seventeenth edition of the CMOS manual. Reference Lists Occasionally truncated entries are given simply to focus on the differences between citations for each type of material. Ellipses indicate which entries would normally continue according to the basic principles of each style. Please see the OWL Research and Citation sections for more details. Citing Books Book citations in MLA require the author name, work title, title of container (if applicable), publisher, and publication year. Book citations in APA generally require author name, publication year, work title, publication city, and publisher. Book citations in CMOS style generally require the author name, work title, publication city, publisher, and publication year. General book format Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Penguin Group, 2006. Pollan, M. (2006). The omnivore’s dilemma. New York, NY: Penguin Group. Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma. New York: Penguin Group, 2006. Single author Pollan, Michael. . . . Pollan, M. (2006). . . . Pollan, Michael. . . . Two authors Bell, James K., and Adrian A. Cohn. . . . Bell, J. K., & Cohn A. (1968). . . . Bell, James K., and Adrian A. Cohn. . . . Three or more authors (Miller, Frank H., et al. ... List by last names and initials; commas separate author names. After the sixth author's name, use an ellipses in place of the author names. Then provide the final author name. For 4 to 10 authors, include all names in bibliography, but only the first in notes. Kernis, Michael, David Cornell, C Sun, Adam Berry, Thomas Harlow, and Janeen Bach. . . The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart Updated October 2017 2 Miller, F. H., Choi, M. J., Angeli, L. L., Harland, A. A., Stamos, J. A., Thomas, S. T., . . . Rubin, L. H. (2009).... Corporate/ Organization author American Psychiatric Association... . American Psychiatric Association. (2005). . . . American Psychiatric Association. . . . Unknown author Oxford Essential World Atlas… Oxford essential world atlas. (2001). . . . Oxford Essential World Atlas. . . . Two or more works by the same author Borroff, Marie. Language and the Poet: Verbal Artistry in Frost, Stevens, and Moore. U of Chicago P, 1979. ———.“Sound Symbolism as Drama in the Poetry of Robert Frost.” PMLA, vol. 107, no. 1, 1992, pp. 131-44. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/462806 Borroff, M. (1979). . . . Borroff, M. (1992). . . . Borroff, Marie. Language and the Poet: Verbal Artistry in Frost, Stevens, and Moore. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979. ———. “Sound Symbolism as Drama in the Poetry of Robert Frost.” PMLA 107, no. 1, (1992): 131-44, accessed 5 May 2018, www.jstor.org/stable/462806. Two or more works by the same author, same year. Change noted by title. See entry above. Slechty, P. C. (1997a). . . . Slechty, P. C. (1997b). . . . Change noted by title. See entry above. Author with an editor Poston, Ted. A First Draft of History, edited by Kathleen A. Hauke. U of Georgia P, 2000. Poston, T. (2000). A draft of history. K. A. Hauke (Ed.). Athens: University of Georgia Press. Poston, Ted. A Draft of History,edited by Kathleen A. Hauke. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000. Author with a translator Laplace, P.S. A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. Translated by F. W. Truscott and F. L. Emory. John Wiley & Sons, 1902. Laplace, P. S. (1902). A philosophical essay on probabilities. (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). London: John Wiley & Sons. Laplace, P. S. A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. Translated by F. W. Truscott and F. L. Emory. London: John Wiley and Sons, 1902. Editor with no author Duncan, G J., and J Brooks Gunn, editors. Consequences of Growing up Poor. Russell Sage Foundation, 1999. Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Duncan, G. J. and J. Brooks-Gunn, eds. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1997. Work in an anthology Harris, Muriel. “Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers.” A Tutor's Guide: Harris, Muriel. (2000). Talk to me: Engaging reluctant writers. In Ben Rafoth (Ed.), A tutor’s guide: Helping Harris, Muriel. "Talk to Me: Engaging Reluctant Writers." In A Tutor's Guide: Helping Writers One to One, edited by Ben The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart Updated October 2017 5 Entire Website The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U, 2008, owl.english.purdue.edu/owl. Accessed 23 Apr. 2008. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U. (2008). The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. Retrieved October 20, 2017, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and Purdue U. "The Purdue OWL Family of Sites" 2008. http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/. Page from Website Shiva, Vandana. “Bioethics: A Third World Issue.” Nativeweb, http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/leg al/shiva.html. Accessed 20 October 2017. Shiva, V. (2006, February). Bioethics: A third world issue. Nativeweb. Retrieved from http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/leg al/shiva.html Shiva, Vandana. “Bioethics: A Third World Issue.” Nativeweb. http://www.nativeweb.org/pages/legal/shi va.html. Page from Website with unknown author “Media Giants.” PBS, 7 Feb. 2006, www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/ shows/cool/giants/. Media giants. (2001). PBS. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/fron tline/shows/cool/giants/ “Media Giants.” PBS online. February 7, 2006. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline /shows/cool/giants. Image from a Website Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV. 1800. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid. Museo Nacional del Prado, www.museodelprado.es/en/the- collection/art-work/the-family-of- carlos-iv/f47898fc-aa1c-48f6-a779- 71759e417e74. Accessed 22 May 2006. Goya, F. (1800). The family of Charles IV. Museo National del Prado. Retrieved from http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd /goya/hd_goya.htm Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV, 1800. Painting. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/goy a/hd_goya.htm Online book Delabastita, Dirk, and Lieven D’hulst. European Shakespeares: Translating Shakespeare in the Romantic Age. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990, Proquest E-book, ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/purdu e/detail.action?docID=842928. Delabastita, D., & L. D’hulst. (1990). European Shakespeares. Translating Shakespeare in the Romantic Age. Retrieved from ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/purdue /detail.action?docID=842928 Delabastita, Dirk, and Lieven D’hulst. European Shakespeares: Translating Shakespeare in the Romantic Age. Amsterdamn: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/purdue/det ail.action?docID=842928. Portion of an online book Adams, H. “Diplomacy.” The education of Henry Adams, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1918. Bartleby.com: Great Books Adams, H. (1918). “Diplomacy.” In The education of Henry Adams. Retrieved Adams, Henry. “Diplomacy.” In The Education of Henry Adams. Boston: Houghton Mifflin The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart Updated October 2017 6 Online, www.bartleby.com/159/8.html. from http://www.bartleby.com/159/8.html Co., 1918.. http://www.bartleby.com/159/8.html. Article in an online journal Bent, Henry E. "Professionalization of the Ph.D. Degree.” The Journal of Higher Education, vol. 30, no.3,1959 pp. 140-45, www.jstor.org/stable/1978286. Accessed 5 Dec. 2008. Bent, H. (1959). Professionalization of the Ph.D. degree. The Journal of Higher Education, 30(3), 140–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1978286 Bent, Henry E. "Professionalization of the Ph.D. Degree.” The Journal of Higher Education 30, no. 3 (1959): 140–45. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1978286. Article in an online magazine/ newspaper Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites, 16 Aug. 2002, alistapart.com/article/writeliving. Accessed 4 May 2009. Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living web. A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. Retrieved from http://www.alistapart.com/articles/wr iteliving Bernstein, M. “10 Tips on Writing the Living Web.” A List Apart, August 16, 2002. http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliv ing. Entire blog Mayer, Caroline. The Checkout. The Washington Post, 10 Jan. 2007, http://blog.washingtonpost.com/the checkout/. Accessed 19 Jan. 2007. Mayer, C. (2007, January 10). The checkout. [Weblog]. Retrieved from http://blog.washingtonpost.com/thec heckout/ Mayer, Caroline. The Checkout (blog). http://blog.washingtonpost.com/thecheck out/ Single Blog Entry Mayer, Caroline. “Stamps to Become a Marketing Vehicle.” The Checkout. The Washington Post, 10 Jan. 2007. www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2006/05/23/AR2 006052301593.html. Accessed 19 Jan. 2007. Mayer, C. (2007, January 10). Stamps to become marketing vehicle. [Web log post]. The checkout. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2006/05/23/AR20 06052301593.html Cited in notes only. 1. Caroline Mayer, “Stamps to Become a Marketing Vehicle,” The Checkout (blog), January 10, 2007, www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2006/05/23/AR200605 2301593.html. Comment or response on a blog post Jay Dean. Comment on “When the Self Emerges: Is That Me in the Mirror?.” 7 May 2008, 4:00 p.m., http://www.spring.org.uk/the1sttran sport. J Dean. (2008, May 7). When the self emerges: Is that me in the mirror? [web log comment]. Retrieved from http://www.spring.org.uk/the1sttrans port Cited in notes only. Jay Dean, May 7, 2008 (4:00 p.m.), comment on “When the Self Emerges: Is That Me in the Mirror?,” http://www.spring.org.uk/the1sttransport. The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart Updated October 2017 7 E-mail Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modernist Literature." Received by John Watts, 15 Nov. 2000. Not included in references. Cited in notes only. 1. Andrew Kunka, e-mail message to John Watts, November 15, 2000. Multimedia Sources Several sources have multiple means for citation, especially those that appear in varied formats: films, DVDs, T.V. shows, music, published and unpublished interviews. Use the following format for all sources: Author. Title. Title of container (self contained if book), Other contributors (translators or editors), Version (edition), Number (vol. and/or no.), Publisher, Publication Date, Location. Date of Access (if applicable). Electronic sources in APA format may include a digital object identifier (DOI) number. When a DOI is evident, it may be used in place of a URL address. An online source should include either a DOI or a URL. When citing media sources in CMOS format, include as much information as is available regarding author, producer, sponsor, publication, medium, dates, site title, and any available URL. An access date is not always needed in CMOS formatting. Video or film The Usual Suspects. Directed by Bryan Singer, performances by Kevin Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and Benecio del Toro, Polygram, 1995. Kokin, K. (Producer), & Singer, B. (Director). (1995). The Usual Suspects [Motion Picture]. USA: Polygram. Singer, Bryan, dir. The Usual Suspects. 1995; Santa Monica, CA: Polygram, 1995. DVD. Podcast/ YouTube Bell, T., & Phillips, T. (2008, May 6). A solar flare. Science @ NASA Podcast. Podcast retrieved from http://science.nasa.gov/podca st.htm. “Best of Not My Job Musicians.” Wait Wait…Don’t Tell Me! from NPR, 4 June 2016, www.npr.org/podcasts/34409 8539/wait-wait-don-t-tell-me . Cole, S. & Glass I. (2017, August 4). 622: Who you gonna call?. This American Life. produced by WBEZ. Podcast retrieved from , podcast, MP3 audio,1:00:27, accessed October 31, 2017, https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radi o-archives/episode/622/who-you- gonna-call. Bell, T., & Phillips, T. (2008, May 6). A solar flare. Science @ NASA Podcast. Podcast retrieved from http://science.nasa.gov/podcast.htm Sean Cole and Ira Glass, “622: Who You Gonna Call?,” August 4, 2017, in This American Life, produced by WBEZ, podcast, MP3 audio,1:00:27, accessed October 31, 2017, https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio- archives/episode/622/who-you-gonna-call. The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart Updated October 2017 10 Unknown page number This phenomenon is best referred to as a “cumulative collaboration of evidence” (Pepper). According to Pepper (1961), this phenomenon is best referred to as a “cumulative collaboration of evidence” (Evidence and Corroboration section, para. 22). This phenomenon is best referred to as a “cumulative collaboration of evidence.”12 12. Stephen C. Pepper, World Hypotheses (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1961). More than one work by the same author Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper refers to this phenomenon as a “cumulative collaboration of evidence” (World Hypotheses 49), which he hints toward in earlier work as well (“Emergence” 241). Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper refers to this phenomenon as a “cumulative collaboration of evidence” (1961, p. 49), which he hints toward in earlier work as well (1926, p. 241). Philosopher Stephen C. Pepper refers to this phenomenon as a “cumulative collaboration of evidence,”12 which he hints toward in earlier work as well.13 12. Stephen C. Pepper, World Hypotheses (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1961), 49. 13. Stephen C. Pepper, “Emergence,” The Journal of Philosophy 23, no. 9 (1926). Two or three authors Shirley K. Rose and Irwin Weiser note in Going Public the importance of redefining expectations for faculty work (3). Rose and Weiser (2010) note the importance of redefining expectations for faculty work (p. 3). Shirley K. Rose and Irwin Weiser note in Going Public the importance of redefining expectations for faculty work.6 6. Shirley K. Rose and Irwin Weiser, Going Public (Logan, UT: Utah State University Press, 2010), 3. Four or more authors Some studies that focus specifically on undergraduate perspectives of academic writing found a variety of approaches (Anderson et al. 11). In 1990, Anderson, Best, Black, Hurst, Miller, and Miller produced a study that focused specifically on undergraduate perspectives of academic writing, and they found a variety of approaches in place (p. 11). Some studies that focus specifically on undergraduate perspectives of academic writing found a variety of approaches.2 2. Worth Anderson et al., “Cross-Curricular Underlife: A Collaborative Report on Ways with Academic Words,” College Composition and Communication 41, no. 1 (1990). Corporate author The American Psychological Association’s study demonstrated the significant role of prayer as a coping mechanism for health (67). According to the American Psychological Association (2000),... This study demonstrated the significant role of prayer as a coping mechanism for health.9 The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart Updated October 2017 11 9. American Psychological Association, “National Trends in Prayer Use as a Coping Mechanism for Health Concerns: Changes from 2002 to 2007,” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality (2000). Authors with the same last name Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46). …the effects of cloning for medical research (R. Miller, 2001, p. 12; A. Miller, 2009, p.19). Does not apply; endnotes will differentiate. Multivolume work Use the volume number followed by the page number in the citation, e.g., (2: 119). Use the page number and date; indicate the volume in the reference section only. 10. Phillip P. Weiner, Dictionary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols., (New York: Charles Scribner and Sons, 2004). Two or more works in the same parentheses Many 19th century American authors noted the importance of religion in conceiving nature (Emerson 1123; Thoreau 1994). Many 19th century American authors noted the importance of religion in conceiving nature (Emerson, 1836; Thoreau, 1862). Many 19th century American authors noted the importance of religion in conceiving nature.22 22. Henry David Thoreau, “Walking,” 11862; Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Nature,” 111836. An entire work Thoreau’s “Walking” demonstrates a fascination with sauntering. Thoreau’s “Walking” (1862) demonstrates a fascination with sauntering. Thoreau’s “Walking” demonstrates a fascination with sauntering.22 22. Henry David Thoreau, “Walking.,” 1862. Work in an anthology Use the selection’s name and page number, not the editor. The life of poverty in the south is captured by Hurston’s candid autobiography, “From Dust Tracks on a Road” (336). Cite the specific work only, not the anthology or its editor. The life of poverty in the south is captured by Hurston’s candid autobiography, “From Dust Tracks on a Road” (1942). The life of poverty in the south is captured by Hurston’s candid autobiography, “From Dust Tracks on a Road”.19 19. Zora Neale Hurston, “From Dust Tracks on a Road,.” Iin The Norton Book of American The Purdue OWL: Citation Chart Updated October 2017 12 Autobiography, edited by Jay Parini (New York: Norton, 1999), 336. Multimedia Sources Video or film Cite as in-text document using the first text element in the works cited entry. Include the range of hours, minutes, and seconds you plan to reference, like so (00:02:15-00:02:35) The role of Irish folklore is depicted in contemporary films such as John Sayles’s The Secret of Roan Inish. Cite as in-text document using release date. Include the range of hours, minutes, and seconds you plan to reference, like so (00:02:15-00:02:35) The role of Irish folklore is depicted in contemporary films such as John Sayles’s The Secret of Roan Inish (1993). The role of Irish folklore is depicted in contemporary films such as John Sayles’s, The Secret of Roan Inish.45 45. The Secret of Roan Inish, DVD, directed by John Sayles (1993; Culver City, CA: Columbia Tristar Home Video, 2000), DVD. Podcast/ YouTube Use video author/podcast name and given title. Include the range of hours, minutes, and seconds you plan to reference, like so (00:02:15-00:02:35) The quirks of spending become obvious when listening to productions such as David Kesetenbaum’s podcast, “A Big Bridge in the Wrong Place,” on Planet Money. Use video/podcast author name, if known, title, and posting date. Include the range of hours, minutes, and seconds you plan to reference, like so (00:02:15-00:02:35) The quirks of spending become obvious when listening to productions such as David Kesetenbaum’s podcast, “A Big Bridge in the Wrong Place,” on Planet Money (2011). Include in notes as a document from a website. 31. David Kestenbaum, “A Big Bridge in the Wrong Place,” in Planet Money Podcast, produced by National Public Radio, http://www.npr.org/blogs/money. Lecture/ Public address The problem of violent death among delinquent youths was carefully documented by Teplin et al. in an address delivered in 2005 at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychology-Law-Society. The problem of violent death among delinquent youths was carefully documented by Teplin et al. in an address delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychology- Law-Society (2005). If using an unpublished lecture or address, cite in main text only. If a published lecture or address, reference in text and notes following this example: 41. Linda A. Teplin et al., “Early Violent Death in Delinquent Youth: A Prospective Longitudinal Study,” pPaper presented at the