Class D Water Operator License Exam: TCEQ Questions and Answers, Exams of Water and Wastewater Engineering

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T/F: In Texas, about 75% of all water is used for commercial, industrial, or agricultural purposes. - - - correct answer ✅True Water covers approximately ________ of Earth's surface. - - - correct answer ✅71% Drought is an extended period when a region receives a deficiency in its ________ water supply. - - - correct answer ✅atmospheric, ground, or surface T/F: Only about 1 gallon of tap water per person/day is used for drinking and cooking - - - correct answer ✅True Excluding outside water use, the average household uses about _______ gallons of water per month for inside use - - - correct answer ✅2, T/F: Only 3% of all the fresh water on earth can be easily accessed for use. - - - correct answer ✅False (only 1%)

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T/F: In 1978, the Texas Department of Health (TDH) assumed primacy over the Safe Drinking Water Act from the EPA. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: PWS officials should be pro-active in their approach to terrorism. - - - correct answer ✅True _________ permits the owner of a well to pump as much water as desired, even if the water is drained from beneath the land of others. - - - correct answer ✅Rule of Capture In Texas, agricultural water demand accounts for about ___% of the total water used. - - - correct answer ✅57% T/F: An example of a non-transient non-community PWS is a rural school. - - - correct answer ✅True

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Monitoring average and maximum daily water ______ enables us to plan ahead for growth. - - - correct answer ✅Demand T/F: The Safe Drinking Water Act sets standards for drinking water including physical, chemical, bacteriological, and radiological characteristics. - - - correct answer ✅True "Potable" means water is safe to drink and has a measurable chlorine ________. - - - correct answer ✅Residual The plant operator is responsible for a sufficient supply of safe and ________ drinking water. - - - correct answer ✅Palatable T/F: The Texas State Board of Fire Insurance requires utilities that provide fire protection to have a minimum amount of water available based on 30 gals per person per day. - - - correct answer ✅False (130 gals per person per day)

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T/F: The primary state regulator of water utilities is the TCEQ. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: All community and non-transient non-community PWS, regardless of source of water, must be under the supervision of a licensed water works operator. - - - correct answer ✅True Meter readers bring in operating revenue and profoundly impact _____ relations. - - - correct answer ✅Public The federal regulator of drinking water is the _____. - - - correct answer ✅EPA T/F: Duties of distribution operator include repairing leaks, making taps, flushing mains, and taking radiological samples. - - - correct answer ✅False (Repair leaks, Make taps, Flush mains, Operate pumps, Take bacteriological samples)

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A service area has 1000 service connections. What can we estimate the population of this service area to be? - - - correct answer ✅3,000 (multiply connections x 3) T/F: The State must be notified after an existing facility is changed or after construction of a new facility. - - - correct answer ✅False (must notify before) T/F: A Class "D" license is valid for 2 years at ground and purchase water systems with 250 connections or less. - - - correct answer ✅False (3 years) T/F: The physical characteristics of water are color, taste, odor, temperature, and turbidity. - - - correct answer ✅True An alkaline or basic solution has a pH greater than ____. - - - correct answer ✅ 7 T/F: The terms mg/L and ppm are not interchangeable. - - - correct answer ✅False (they are interchangeable)

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Suspended solids in water cannot be filtered out. - - - correct answer ✅False (they can) Solids, water hardness, pH and gases are ____ characteristics. - - - correct answer ✅Chemical T/F: There are 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom in each water molecule. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: The State recommends a water pH of less than 7 to be maintained at all time. - - - correct answer ✅False (The state recommends a pH slightly greater than 7 and for the water to be non-corrosive.) T/F: Taste and odor can come from organisms such as vegetation, bacteria, and algae, and from certain chemicals and metals. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: The deeper the well, the warmer the water. - - - correct answer ✅True

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T/F: The threshold odor number (TON) relates to the number of dilutions needed for the water to be tasteless. - - - correct answer ✅False (It reflects the number of dilutions needed for water sample to be odorless) One part per million or 1 mg/L means that for every ____ pounds of water there is one pound of material in it. - - - correct answer ✅1 million The State requires filtered water to be equal to or less than ____ turbidity units in at least 95% of the monthly samples. - - - correct answer ✅0. The State recommends a TON of ___ or less. - - - correct answer ✅ 3 T/F: The State recommends 20 color units or less for a quality water.

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correct answer ✅False (The state recommends 15 units of color or less for drinking water.)

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T/F: Examples of inorganic matter found in water include rock, sand, metals, and minerals. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: The red color caused by iron is an example of suspended or apparent color and it can be removed by filtration. - - - correct answer ✅True Excessive calcium and _____ are the primary cause of hardness in water. - - - correct answer ✅Magnesium T/F: The State recommends a maximum total dissolved solids content of 500 mg/L - - - correct answer ✅False (The state recommends that TDS not exceed 1000 mg/L) There are 3 common gases found in water: methane, carbon dioxide, and __________ ___________. - - - correct answer ✅hydrogen sulfide

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T/F: Turbidity must be limited because it shelters and nourishes bacteria and interferes with disinfection. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: Bleach or alcohol require less contact time than flaming to disinfect a faucet. - - - correct answer ✅False (flaming requires less contact time) T/F: The "primary limits" refer to chemicals with maximum contaminant levels that can be exceeded. - - - correct answer ✅False (refers to chemicals with maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) that CANNOT be exceeded.) T/F: The term "total coliform" means fecal and non-fecal coliform. -

correct answer ✅True T/F: Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms. - - - correct answer ✅True If a routine sample is positive, flush the positive sample point, check the chlorine residual, then resample within 24 days of

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notification. - - - correct answer ✅False (If a routine sample is total coliform-positive, the PWS should flush the positive sample point, check the chlorine residual, then resample within 24 hrs of notification) To prevent the formation of THMS in surface water, chlorine is combined with _____ forming chloramine, combined chlorine residual. - - - correct answer ✅Ammonia If there is no chlorine ______ at a faucet, do not sample, flush longer. - - - correct answer ✅residual T/F: All repeat samples must be collected on successive days. - - - correct answer ✅False (Collect all repeat sample on the same day) In the event of distribution pressure below ___ psi, _______ outages, repeated bad samples or chlorine _____ below minimum, special precautions must be instituted. - - - correct answer ✅20/water/residual

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Get the sample to the lab within ___________ or it will be rejected.

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correct answer ✅30 hours (for BacT samples) At 0.8 - 1.0 mg/L, fluoride reduces dental cavities, but in higher doeses (>2.0 mg/L) can cause _____ of teeth over time. - - - correct answer ✅mottling T/F: One by-product of chlorinated drinking water is trihalomethane, a suspected carcinogen. - - - correct answer ✅True Repeat samples must be taken at (a) the _______ ______ (b) within 5 connections upstream and (c) within 5 connections downstream.

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correct answer ✅positive point T/F: If you do not fill out the submission form completely, you risk losing credit for the sample. - - - correct answer ✅True

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T/F: The presence of fecal coliform in a water sample indicates fecal contamination from a human or warm-blooded animal. - - - correct answer ✅True The purpose of the sample site plan is to assure bacteriological samples are collected from ______ service connections which are representative of the distribution system. - - - correct answer ✅active T/F: Keep the sample in ice or in a cooler prior to and during lab transport because heat stimulates bacterial growth. - - - correct answer ✅True The action level for lead is _______ mg/L and for copper it is _____ mg/L. - - - correct answer ✅.015 / 1. T/F: Low doses of heavy metals such as lead and copper can cause damage to the central nervous system over time. - - - correct answer ✅True

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A certain group of bacteria is used to indicate the possible presence of a pathogen--- the ________ group. - - - correct answer ✅Coliform Disinfection is the destruction of disease-causing microorganisms called ______. - - - correct answer ✅Pathogens At room temperature chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas that is ___ times heavier than air. - - - correct answer ✅2. The State requires ________ to be kept in stock for disinfecting new water lines. - - - correct answer ✅Calcium hypochlorite T/F: Hypochlorinators consist of a mixing tank and chemical solution feed pump. - - - correct answer ✅True A full-face self-contained breathing apparatus or supplied air respirator must be readily accessible outside the fire station when

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chlorine gas is used. - - - correct answer ✅False (A full-face self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or supplied air respirator that meets OSHA standards shall be readily accessible outside the chlorinator room when chlorine gas is used.) T/F: All public water systems must have chlorination facilities. - - - correct answer ✅True If chlorine enters the eyes, flush with running cool water for at least ___ minutes and seek medical attention. - - - correct answer ✅15 minutes Liquid bleach used in PWS must be ______ approved. - - - correct answer ✅NSF T/F: Primary components of a gas feed chlorinator include an injector, flowrate controller, rotameter, and mixing tank. - - - correct answer ✅False (injector, vacuum regulator, flowrate controller, rotameter- not a mixing tank)

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The maximum sustained gas withdrawal rate for pressure transmission 150 lb cylinders is ____ lbs/day - - - correct answer ✅ 40 T/F: Utility operators use chlorine in three commercial forms:

1. pure chlorine in the liquid or gas state
2. bleach solutions
3. granular/tablet compounds - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: If chlorine contacts the skin, flush with an emergency shower or garden hose for at least an hour. - - - correct answer ✅False (15 minutes) Hypochlorous acid is the disinfectant and the _____ residual. - - - correct answer ✅Free If a major chlorine leak occurs, call the supplier and ______. - - - correct answer ✅TCEQ

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The rotameter indicates the feed rate in _____ per day - - - correct answer ✅pounds T/F: Chlorine reacts with hydrocarbons producing heat or fire - - - correct answer ✅True Chlorinator rooms must be provided with facilities from determining the amount of disinfectant used _______ - - - correct answer ✅daily T/F: Dosage is the amount of chlorine applied in milligrams per liter or parts per billion. - - - correct answer ✅False (parts per million) DPD reacts with chlorine producing a pink to ____ color. - - - correct answer ✅red T/F: Residual is the amount of chlorine left after the demand is met.

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correct answer ✅True (Dosage: How much Cl you put in the system, Demand: How much Cl is used by the system, Residual: How much Cl is left over)

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T/F: TCEQ requires a faucet for raw water sampling on the discharge pipe of each PWS well. - - - correct answer ✅True Permeability is the ability to _____ water through the aquifer. - - - correct answer ✅transmit T/F: The difference between the static level and pumping level is call the drawdown. - - - correct answer ✅True Wells dug into artesian aquifers are considered _____ wells. - - - correct answer ✅deep The well screen prevents _____ from entering the well. - - - correct answer ✅sand T/F: Treatment of corrosive groundwater can be accomplished by adding alkalinity as lime or soda ash to adjust the pH. - - - correct answer ✅True

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T/F: The line shaft turbine is driven by a motor located above the pump at ground level. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: Well casing supports the bore hole and helps protect the aquifer from contamination. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: The State requires a physical and chemical analysis of the water after 24 hours of pumping. - - - correct answer ✅False (36 hours) T/F: Some artesian aquifer recharge areas (outcrop) are located many miles away from the well development site. - - - correct answer ✅True (Artesian Wells can be recharged from many miles away) A BacT sample, taken from a newly constructed well, on ____ consecutive days, must show negative results. - - - correct answer ✅ 3

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Water in an aquifer is called _____ water. - - - correct answer ✅ground T/F: A sanitary control easement covering land within 1500 feet of a public well must be recorded in county courthouse records. - - - correct answer ✅False (150 feet) The casing must extend at least ____ inches above the floor of the pump room or ground surface. - - - correct answer ✅ 18 T/F: Aquifers sandwiched between impermeable layers of rock or clay are called confined aquifers or artesian aquifers. - - - correct answer ✅True Three ways to measure water levels is the wetted tape, electric sounder, and the ______. - - - correct answer ✅airline (most often used) A well drilled into a water table aquifer is usually a ______ well. - - - correct answer ✅Shallow

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Abandoned wells, not plugged, within ___ mile of a proposed well site must be reported to TCEQ. - - - correct answer ✅1/ The State requires wells be protected by ______-______ fences or locked well houses. - - - correct answer ✅Intruder-resistant Groundwater is usually clear and void of __________. - - - correct answer ✅bacteria TCEQ defines "complete treatment" as the following sequence of processes: pretreatment disinfection, taste and odor control, continuous coagulation, filtration, sedimentation, terminal disinfection, and covered storage. - - - correct answer ✅False (1. Pretreatment disinfection

2. Taste and odor control
3. Continuous coagulation 4. Sedimentation 5. Filtration
4. Terminal disinfection

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7. Covered storage) T/F: Most solids should be removed in the filtration step. - - - correct answer ✅False (Sedimentation) T/F: TCEQ requires filtered water to be 0.3 NTUs or less in at least 95% of measurements each month. - - - correct answer ✅True Destratification is the mixing of lake water by compressed air to prevent layers of different __________ from developing. - - - correct answer ✅temperature All PWS in Texas are required to use ________ as the final disinfectant. - - - correct answer ✅chlorine T/F: Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is commonly used to treat iron and manganese. - - - correct answer ✅False (removes the tastes and odors usually caused by dead and decaying algae and vegetation)

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A restricted zone of ______ ft radius from the raw water intake must be established and recreational activities and trespassing shall be prohibited. - - - correct answer ✅ 200 T/F: The Rio Grande River is the longest river in Texas, stretching 250 miles along the Mexico border. - - - correct answer ✅False (1250 miles) T/F: Filtration is the first step in the removal of suspended solids. - -

correct answer ✅False (Sedimentation) Surface water is usually low in ________ and ________. - - - correct answer ✅minerals / gases Chemical dosage, water temperature, pH, _______, and the characteristics of the raw water all have an effect on the coagulation process. - - - correct answer ✅mixing

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The two pathogenic protozoans resistant to chlorination are: ________ and _________ - - - correct answer ✅giardia / cryptosporidium T/F: Bacteria, algae, and turbidity can be a problem in surface water as can be municipal, industrial and agricultural pollution. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: Coagulation works by the bonding of negatively charged turbidity to positively charged chemical coagulants. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: Turbidity can shelter bacteria from the disinfection process. - - - correct answer ✅True _______ is the last treatment step before storage. - - - correct answer ✅Disinfection T/F: Treated water is stored at the plant in a tank called a clear well.

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correct answer ✅True

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The process of separating floc from water by gravity is called: __________ - - - correct answer ✅sedimentation Filtration is the last barrier between the public and _______ or ________. - - - correct answer ✅giardia / cryptosporidium T/F: If the media collects in the wash water troughs, the wash rate is too high. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: A check valve located on the discharge side of a pump is an isolating valve that allows water to flow one direction only. - - - correct answer ✅False (it is a controlling valve) T/F: The total dynamic head a pump must overcome is the distance from the water level on the suction side of the pump to the top of the water level on the discharge side of the pump and includes any friction and head loss encountered. - - - correct answer ✅True

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Dead-end mains must be provided with ________ - - - correct answer ✅Flush valves T/F: Common cross connections include a garden hose connected to a potable water source and submerged in a stock tank, a home served by a city water supply and private well, and a chemical container connected to a potable water supply. - - - correct answer ✅True T/F: If a repaired main must be returned to service quickly, does with 50 mg/L for 30 minutes. - - - correct answer ✅False (500 mg/L) T/F: TCEQ requires at least 1 BacT sample for each 1000 ft of new main. - - - correct answer ✅True Pipe and fittings must not contain more than ____% lead or solder/flux containing more than ___% lead. - - - correct answer ✅0.25% 0.2%