CMST EXAM 2 LATEST UPDATE (2024-2025) QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS, Exams of Sociology

Download CMST EXAM 2 LATEST UPDATE (2024-2025) QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS and more Exams Sociology in PDF only on Docsity!

The self-serving bias is a) the tendency to a6ribute our successful behavior to outside forces and to assign personal reasons to our failures. B) the tendency to assign personal characteris;cs for the success of others and environmental causes for the failures of others. C) a tendency to a6ribute personal characteris;cs for our successes and a6ribute environmental causes for our failures. D) none of the above C) a tendency to a6ribute personal characteris;cs for our successes and a6ribute environmental causes for our failures. You're compe;ng in a tennis championship and you lose in a final set ;e- breaker. You a6ribute your loss to bad officia;ng and distrac;ons from crowd noise, not to your opponent's superior skill. This is an example of the self- serving bias. A) true b) false A) true

CMST EXAM 2 LATEST UPDATE

2024 - 2025) QUESTIONS AND

100% CORRECT ANSWERS)

Op;mal self-esteem develops when you don't strive to build self-esteem, but instead you concentrate on goals that can be accomplished. A) true b) false A) true The first ;me you meet phil he strikes you as an arrogant and obnoxious person. In later mee;ngs you see indica;ons that he might be friendlier than you'd originally thought, but you find it difficult to put aside your first impression. This is an example of a) nega;vity bias b) the fundamental a6ribu;on error c) the primacy effect d) all of the above e) a and c E) a and c The primacy effect is known as the tendency to perceive informa;on presented first as much less important than informa;on presented later. A) true b) false B) false

Body image is mostly a problem for women, not men. A) true b) false B) false Primary influences on our self-esteem include: a) reflected appraisal b) social comparison c) con;ngencies of self-worth d) all of the above D) all of the above Guidelines for appropriate self-disclosure include a) being sensi;ve to cultural differences regarding self-disclosure. B) self-disclosing all at once, not in bit by bit c) self-disclosing when the other person rarely, if ever, discloses. D) self-disclosing whenever you feel the need. A) being sensi;ve to cultural differences regarding self-disclosure.

Research indicates that self-serving bias is found far more in american culture than in asian cultures. A) true b) false A) true Self-concept is a central point of reference for a person's communica;on with others. A) true b) false A) true Sandra told harold about a trauma;c experience she had as a child, and harold responded by looking out the window and saying nothing. Harold violated which guideline for appropriate self-disclosure? A) trust b) reciprocity c) cultural appropriateness d) incremental disclosure B) reciprocity Research indicates that women self-disclose to women more than men self- disclose to men. A) true b) false

A) true Individuals in happy rela;onships typically explain the nice behaviors of their partners as personal traits. Nega;ve behaviors are explained in situa;onal terms. A) true b) false A) true Research shows that confron;ng a stereotype in a hos;le manner but with a calm appeal for fairness significantly reduce nega;ve stereotyping and prejudiced aVtudes. A) true b) false A) true The term "self-esteem" refers to a) the evalua;ve element of self-percep;on b) the sum total of your self-percep;on c) your percep;on of your self-worth and competence d) the social construc;on of your iden;ty e) a and c E) a and c

All stereotypes are nega;ve; they put down groups. A) true b) false B) false Percep;on is a) something we are born with and cannot improve b) culturally influenced c) best when we trust our ini;al impulses d) based solely on nonverbal behavior B) culturally influenced Body image is a) oYen distorted by both men and women b) a problem for many men because they want to look more muscular c) a problem for many women because they want to look much thinner d) all of the above D) all of the above

The term "self-concept" refers to all of the following except a) your evalua;on of your self-percep;on b) the sum total of your self-percep;on c) a central point of reference for your communica;on with others d) the social construc;on of your iden;ty A) your evalua;on of your self-percep;on Primary influences on our self-esteem include: a) reflected appraisal b) social comparison c) con;ngencies of self-worth d) all of the above D) all of the above Self-disclosure a) is sharing any informa;on about yourself with another person b) is exhibited more by males than by females in u.s. Culture

c) is always construc;ve in a rela;onship because you get to know the other person be6er d) is purposely revealing informa;on about yourself to others that they otherwise would not know D) is purposely revealing informa;on about yourself to others that they otherwise would not know Self-disclosure can be uninten;onal. A) true b) false B) false Op;mal self-esteem develops when you don't strive to build self-esteem, but instead you concentrate on goals that can be accomplished. A) true b) false A) true The self-serving bias is a) the tendency to a6ribute our successful behavior to outside forces and to assign personal reasons to our failures. B) the tendency to assign personal characteris;cs for the success of others and environmental causes for the failures of others. C) a tendency to a6ribute personal characteris;cs for our successes and a6ribute

environmental causes for our failures. D) none of the above C) a tendency to a6ribute personal characteris;cs for our successes and a6ribute environmental causes for our failures. S;muli that we a6end to is influenced by a) the intensity of the s;muli b) the novelty of the s;muli c) the repe;;on of the s;muli d) all of the above D) all of the above Percep;on is all of the following except: a) inherently subjec;ve and selec;ve b) the same as sensa;on c) a process of "making sense" of our neural impulses sent to our brain d) a process of selec;ng, organizing, and interpre;ng data from our senses

B)

the same as sensa;on Empathy is one way to counter a6ribu;on errors. A) true b) false A) true Self-concept is a) a central point of reference for your communica;on with others b) your iden;ty or self-schemas c) the same as self-esteem. D) a social appraisal of ourselves compared to others e) both a and b E) both a and b Stereotyping isn't always bad. A) true b) false A) true Body image is mostly a problem for women, not men. A) true b) false B) false

Which of the following is not a part of percep;on? A) conceptualizing b) selec;ng c) organizing d) interpre;ng A) conceptualizing Essen;ally sensa;on and percep;on are the same thing. A) true b) false B) false Your self-schemas or iden;ty is a) self-serving bias b) self-esteem c) self-concept d) self-disclosure C) self-concept

Research indicates that men self-disclose emo;ons to men more than they do to women. A) true b) false B) false How we view ourselves is best defined as a) self-serving bias b) self-esteem c) self-concept d) self-disclosure C) self-concept A prototype is the best example of a given class of individuals. A) true b) false A) true An effec;ve percep;on check involves all of the following except: a) a descrip;on of the other person's behavior b) an evalua;on of the other person's behavior c) an interpreta;on of the other person's behavior

d) a request for verifica;on of the other person's behavior B) an evalua;on of the other person's behavior One way to combat perceptual biases is to resist a6ribu;ng personal characteris;cs to the nega;ve behaviors of others and situa;onal causes to the posi;ve behaviors of others. A) true b) false A) true According to _______, interac;ng and becoming more familiar with members of stereotyped groups can diminish prejudice resul;ng from stereotyping. A) self-fulfilling prophecy b) contact theory c) the primacy effect d) none of the above B) contact theory You do poorly on an oral report in your history class. You a6ribute your poor performance to "the teacher's vague explana;on of the assignment" even though you could have asked for clarifica;on and you didn't put much effort into the assignment. This is an example of a)

primacy effect b) nega;vity bias c) self-serving bias d) self-concept C) self-serving bias There are two main types of a6ribu;on: personal characteris;cs (traits) and environmental variables. A) true b) false A) true Which of the following about self-disclosure is false? A) self-disclosure is defined as sharing any informa;on about yourself with another person. B) self-disclosure should occur gradually over ;me, not all at once. C) self-disclosure can be counterproduc;ve if con;nued without reciproca;on (self-disclosure from others). D) self-disclosure requires trust.

A)

self-disclosure is defined as sharing any informa;on about yourself with another person. Which of the following is not true of self-esteem? A) self-esteem is a product of social comparison b) self-esteem is strongly influenced by feedback from significant people in our lives c) self-esteem is the evalua;ve element of self-percep;on d) self-esteem is the same as your self-concept D) self-esteem is the same as your self-concept First impressions can be accurate in certain circumstances. A) true b) false A) true The process of "purposely revealing to others personal informa;on about yourself that is significant and that others would not know" is called a) self-serving bias b) selec;ve memory bias c) self-disclosure

d) a6ribu;on C) self-disclosure Individuals in happy rela;onships typically explain the nice behaviors of their partners in situa;onal terms rather than as personal traits. A) true b) false B) false Overemphasizing personal traits and underemphasizing situa;ons as the causes of other people's behavior is a) nega;vity bias b) primacy effect c) stereotyping d) none of the above D) none of the above Gaining self-knowledge is one of the construc;ve goals of self-disclosure. A) true b) false A) true You're compe;ng in a tennis championship and you lose in a final set ;e- breaker. You a6ribute your loss to bad officia;ng and distrac;ons from crowd

noise, not to your opponent's superior skill. This is an example of the self- serving bias. A) true b) false A) true Research on a6ribu;on shows that individuals in happy roman;c rela;onships typically a) a6ribute bad behavior by one's partner to personal traits. B) a6ribute good behavior by one's partner to situa;onal causes. C) a6ribute bad behavior by one's partner to situa;onal causes. D) a6ribute good behavior by one's partner to personal traits. E) both c and d E) both c and d Self-concept is a form of self-esteem. A) true b) false B) false Strategies to combat nega;ve stereotypes include all of the following except a) confront the stereotype directly in a calm appeal for fairness b)

contradict the stereotype by providing a specific example c) interact and become more familiar with members of stereotyped groups d) confront the stereotype in a hos;le manner B) contradict the stereotype by providing a specific example All of the following are elements of percep;on except a) selec;on b) appropria;on c) organiza;on d) interpreta;on B) appropria;on The ways we compare ourselves to others, which is called social comparison, influences our a) self-concept b) sensory impressions c) iden;ty

d) self-esteem D) self-esteem The ideal body image is a standard that has not changed for hundreds of years. A) true b) false B) false If i describe randy to you as "outgoing, fun-loving, and friendly, but a li6le bit manipula;ve," you are likely to form an unfavorable impression of him. This is an example of a) self-serving bias b) nega;vity bias c) the fundamental a6ribu;on error d) the primacy effect B) nega;vity bias Guidelines for appropriate self-disclosure include a) being sensi;ve to cultural differences regarding self-disclosure. B) self-disclosing all at once, not in bit by bit c)

self-disclosing when the other person rarely, if ever, discloses. D) self-disclosing whenever you feel the need. A) being sensi;ve to cultural differences regarding self-disclosure. A6ribu;on is a) assigning causes to people's behavior b) influenced by the consistency of a person's behavior c) oYen incorrect because personal traits are assumed to cause bad behavior, whereas situa;ons oYen influence behavior more strongly. D) all of the above D) all of the above Percep;on is the same as sensa;on. A) true b) false B) false You are invited for a job interview. Your performance is subpar during the interview. You conclude that your inadequate performance was caused by "really stupid ques;ons from the interviewers," not the fact that you did li6le prepara;on for the interview. This is an example of a) fundamental a6ribu;on error

b) self-serving bias c) primacy effect d) all of the above e) both b and c B) self-serving bias Empathy involves a) perspec;ve taking b) emo;onal understanding c) accep;ng the viewpoint of others d) all of the above e) a and b E) a and b George thinks that people from mexico are lazy. "look," he says, "rafael always sleeps late and he takes a nap every aYernoon." the fact that rafael worked 60 hours a week and coached his son's li6le league team seemed to escape george's a6en;on. George is guilty of

a) the fundamental a6ribu;on error b) self-serving bias c) the primacy effect d) both b and c A) the fundamental a6ribu;on error Catharsis is an appropriate goal for self-disclosure. A) true b) false B) false Since childhood stanley had thought of himself as a shy person, and he didn't change that percep;on even when as an adult he had lots of friends who thought of him as gregarious and outgoing. Stanley's percep;on is an example of a) self-esteem b) a6ribu;on c) self-concept d) stereotype

C)

self-concept Benevolent sexism promotes gender-equality. A) true b) false B) false There is a cultural component to our self appraisals. A) true b) false A) true There are several pieces of informa;on about yourself that you do not share with casual acquaintances, but you do share with close friends. This is a difference in the _______ of your self-disclosure. A) height b) depth c) breadth d) width C) breadth Schemas a) organize perceptual s;muli b)

are mental frameworks that create meanings from s;muli c) are made up of prototypes, stereotypes, and scripts d) all of the above D) all of the above Muscle dysmorphia is primarily a perceptual distor;on problem for women. A) true b) false B) false Self-concept is constantly shiYing for most of an individual's adult life. A) true b) false B) false Connota;ons are the source of most signal reac;ons. A) true b) false A) true The individual sounds that compose a specific spoken language are called a) morphemes b) ar;cula;ons c) audiographs

d) phonemes D) phonemes The characteris;cs of symbols include a) inherency b) arbitrariness c) representa;veness d) both b and c D) both b and c A descrip;on is when you a) a6ach a posi;ve or nega;ve value to an object, event, or idea b) verbally report what you perceive from your senses c) draw conclusions based upon the knowledge you have about a situa;on d) say one thing but mean something else B) verbally report what you perceive from your senses