CMT Level 1| 214 Questions| With Complete Solutions 2023/2024 Latest Update, Exams of Business Economics

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CMT Level 1|

Questions|

With

Complete

Solutions

2023/

Latest Update

1. Define what is meant by a trend in technical analysis - ✔️✔️ - Uptrend is when prices reach higher peaks and higher troughs (VV for Downtrend) - Flat trend (sideways trend) is when a price trades in a range without significant underlying upward or downward movement
2. Explain why determining the trend is important to analysts - ✔️✔️ o From

a technical analysts perspective "a trend is a directional movement of prices that remains in effect long enough to be identified and still be profitable."

• Identify Primary, Secondary, short-term, and intraday trends - ✔️✔️ o Primary Trend - measured in months or years  Secondary Trend - Measured in weeks or months  Short-term Trend - measured in days  Intraday trend - measured in minutes or hours

• Describe the basic beliefs behind the art of technical analysis - ✔️✔️ o 1. Freely Traded, market prices, in general, travel in trends  2. Price is determined by the interaction of supply and demand  3. Price discounts everything  4. Prices are nonrandom  5. History will repeat itself and humans will behave similarly to the way they have in the past  6. Patterns are fractal

 7. Emotions are affected by earlier emotions through emotional feedback (people telling other people to buy because they made money and are happy)

• Define "fractal" as used in describing price action - ✔️✔️ Fractal - Ability for trends to act similarly over different periods
• Describe the history of Dow Theory - ✔️✔️ o Charles Dow started it. Made an index to

measure overall price movement in U.S. stocks. He died. Journalist coined "Dow Theory." Friend took over and attempted to beat Market. People analyzed it and determined he failed. Later on, more people analyzed it and determined he beat it according to risk adjustment and timing market.

• Discuss the basic principles of Dow Theory - ✔️✔️ o 1. Ideal Market picture consists of an uptrend, top, downtrend, and bottom, interspersed with

retracements and consolidations.  2. Economic rationale should be used to explain stock market action  3. Prices trend

• Identify the three basic types of trend identified in Dow Theory as defined by time: primary, secondary and minor (Refer to pg 20 for picture) - ✔️✔️ o Primary - Can be several years, longest of the three, represents the overall broad long-term movement of security prices.

 Secondary - intermediate trend that runs counter to the primary. Generally last a few weeks to a few months. Price movement generally retraces from 33% to 66% of the primary price change.  Minor - Check pg. 21 for clarity - A line is two to three weeks of horizontal price movement in an average within a 5% range.

• Describe the "ideal market picture" according to Dow Theory - ✔️✔️ o consists of an uptrend, top, downtrend, and

bottom, interspersed with retracements and consolidations (Ex. On P. 18)

• Express the concept of confirmation in Dow Theory - ✔️✔️ o In Dow's time, confirmation was the consideration of the Industrial Average and Railroad Average together. Example is when there is a primary bullmarket but the secondary trend fails to make a new high (i.e. turn back into a primary). Could be a warning that the primary is going to Bull Market (a non-

confirmation). In today's day, Confirmation is usually confirmed between the S&P500 and Russell 2000.

• Explain the role of volume in Dow Theory - ✔️✔️ o Volume cannot itself signal a trend reversal, but it is an important secondary confirmation of a trend. However, price trend and confirmation overrode any consideration of volume.
• List advantages of reviewing price information in chart

format - ✔️✔️ o 1. Provide price history  2. Provide good sense of Market's volatility  3. Useful for the fundamental analyst - Analyst can find big price move on chart, determine what fundamentals were changed at this time, and then construct a price behavioral model  4. Serve as a timing tool for those who base their decisions on other info  5. Used as a money management tool by

defining meaningful stop points  6. Reflects market behavior that is subject to certain repetitive patterns

• Review the data points required to construct the line, bar, and candlestick charts - ✔️✔️ o Line - Price and Time  Bar - High, low, and closing price for each time interval (some contain the opening price, as well)  Candlestick - High, Low, Closing, and Opening,

• Describe how to construct line, bar, and candlestick charts - ✔️✔️ o Line - Price data is on the vertical axis, time data is on the horizontal  Bar - Each bar represents a certain time period (for example one bar may represent one day of data). Price is on the vertical and time is on the horizontal  Candlestick - Low and High prices are plotted on a thin bar and a box represents opening and closing prices. Box is called the Real Body;

if the security closed at a higher price than it opened, the body is white or open; VV = black or closed.

• Explain the differences between arithmetic and logarithmic scales and their uses - ✔️✔️ o Arithmetic shows price units at the same price intervals ($1 - $2 movement looks same as $100 - $ movement)  Log Scale - Represents the same percentage price (I.e. $1 - $2 movement is much

greater than a $100 - $ Movement)  Rule of thumb: When a security's price range is greater than 20% a log scale is more accurate and useful.

• Difference between the high and low of a bar is the - ✔️✔️ Range
• Explain why trend identification is important to achieve profits - ✔️✔️ o (Besides the obvious of without identifying a trend you won't

be able to ride the trend and make money)

3. Determine, with min. risk of error, when a trend has begun at its earliest time and price
4. Select and enter a position in the trend that is appropriate to the existing trend
5. Close those positions when the trend is ending - Recognize an uptrend, a downtrend, and a trading range - ✔️✔️ o Uptrend - peaks tend to be higher than earlier peaks, and the troughs tend to

be higher than the previous troughs  Downtrend - VV  Trading range - Peaks and troughs are scattered, the trend is undeterminable, and if the peaks and troughs occur at the same relative levels

• Describe the concept of support and resistance - ✔️✔️ o Support and resistance points are a single peak or trough; zones are multiple points  Believed to occur due to human reactions

• Identify trends using most common methods - ✔️✔️ o Using a regression line  Using a trend line

6. Need two support reversal points or VV  Scale and Trend Lines
7. Shorter time frame uses algorithmic; longer uses logarithmic  Accelerating Trend Lines (pg. 66)  Decelerating Trend Lines (pg.66)

• Recall how significant reversal points are identified - ✔️✔️ o DeMark or Williams Method

8. A bar with a low that is surrounded by two bars with higher lows (VV for resistance)  Percentage Method
9. Deciding on a percentage to use. In determining a trough - any time the price declines more than 1%, makes a low, then rallies up 1%, would define a trough (VV for Peak). The larger the percentage used the more important but less frequent the reversal point  Gann Two-Day Swing Method

10. Same as Demark or Williams, but two days are given after a low, in which one watches to see if these two days have higher highs than the low (pg. 58)  High Volume Method
11. Associating the use of high volume with a reversal
    • List general rules for trendlines
      • ✔️✔️ o The longer and the more times that the drawn line is touched by prices, the more significant it is when the line is finally broken  The steeper the trend line, the sooner it will be broken

 Sometimes a trend line is broken slightly by intraday price action  Trend lines should be never be considered exact because price can be influenced by exogenous factors

12. Describe and identify breakouts - ✔️✔️ o When a price "breakouts" through support or resistance  Usually (not always) signals that a significant change in supply and demand has occurred and that a new price trend is beginning

 Requires penetration of a trend line, support, or resistance & confirmation that the breakout is real

• List methods for confirming and filtering breakouts - ✔️✔️ Close Filter

13. Point or Percent Filter
14. Time
15. Volume
16. Volatility
17. Pivot Point Technique

• List methods for confirming and filtering breakouts: Close

Filter - ✔️✔️ Waits for the closing price to see if it breaks out of the breakout zone or recedes back in (receding back in is a false breakout probs and VV)

• List methods for confirming and filtering breakouts: Point or Percent Filter - ✔️✔️ Establishing a breakout zone a certain number of points away or a percentage beyond the breakout level.

18. Most commonly used is a 1-3% rule

• List methods for confirming and filtering breakouts: Time - ✔️✔️ If the penetration stays outside for a certain amount of time, it must be a real breakout

19. Usual time period is two bars

• List methods for confirming and filtering breakouts: Volume - ✔️✔️ Normally volume increases at the breakout (however it can also dramatically decline)

• List methods for confirming and filtering breakouts: Pivot Point Technique - ✔️✔️ Rarely used as confirmation for breakouts

20. Uses the previous period's high, low, and close to establish support and resistance levels.

• List methods for confirming and filtering breakouts: Volatility - ✔️✔️ Beta

21. St.Dev
22. Average True Range

• Average of each bar high and low over some past period