CNPR Exam Questions & Answers LATEST UPDATED 2023/2024., Exams of Nursing

Download CNPR Exam Questions & Answers LATEST UPDATED 2023/2024. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NAPSR- PHARMACEUTICAL SALES TRAINING EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS Guarnteed A+  ______ are arguably the most socially important healthcare products - answers pharmaceuticals  pharmaceutical development - answers is a high risk undertaking, many promising leads prove dissapointing  pharmaceuticals - answers medicines and vaccines for human and animal use (brand name or generic, prescription or OTC)  diagnostic - answers equipment and supplies used in screening, detecting, and monitoring disease. (ranges from home testing kits to sophisticated diagnostic imaging technologies)  primary care (checkups and general health issues) - answers - OBGYN  -family/general practitioners  -internists  secondary care (specialized outpatient consults) - answers specialists  tertiary care (inpatient) - answers -community hospitals  -academic medical centers  -skilled nursing facilities  end-stage care - answers -skilled nursing facilities  -hospitals  -hospices  Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions? - answers US  Western Europe  Japan  The U.S. accounts for about _____ of the worlds pharmaceutical revenues? - answers 50%  what has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry? - answers population growth and increased life expectancies  According to your manual, what accurately described the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities? - answers partnerships between pharmaceutical companies and genomic companies will not prove immediately profitable  _________ is cost effective for insurance companies and healthcare  reasons for growth in direct-to- consumer advertising - answers 1. FDA eased regulations  2. patients wanting to be more involved in their decisions thus being more receptive  3. publics increasing health/medical literacy  4. physicians inc in willingness to prescribe patients requests for specific drugs  headquarters - answers executive level sales managers & support staff  house product managers who are part of companies marketing dept  regions - answers divide country into 4-10 geographic regions  northwest, midwest, etc  districts - answers each region has several districts that are supervised by district manager  territories - answers each district includes 8-12 territories  staffed by territory reps  what influences the number of districts in a region? - answers regions population  what is an example of the regionalization of healthcare delivery systems? - answers California and Florida have different prescription reimbursement policies  territory representative (professional sales rep) - answers the heart of pharmaceutical sales team  where do pharmaceutical reps visit? - answers physicians  clinics  hospitals  pharmacists  It usually only takes 1-2 calls to a physician before he or she commits to prescribing your product. (T/F) - answers FALSE  it takes many calls  can a pharmacist dispense a product other than what the physician prescribed? - answers YES  they can substutie a generic  or the pharmacist can call the physician and request permission to dispense a different medication  according to chapter 12 (2?) of your manual , which would be classify as "payers" - answers employers  according to your manual what defines "ethical pharmaceutical companies"? - answers researching and developing novel drugs  medical library - answers One of the oldest methods of acquiring medical information, most hospitals or clinics will have a library where current information will be available  medical journal - answers provide current perspectives from leading experts on various disease and treatment options  responsible for outreach to large corporate accounts and managed care organizations  One of the most significant results of the industrys continued invest in R&D is the - answers large number of new drugs approved and in development  new drugs in development - answers - 1 to treat hypospjtasisa  -several to treat Lou Gehrig's disease  -125 for Alzhiemers  -3070 for cancer  -281 for diabetes  -185 for HIV/AIDS  thanks to modern medicine, how long are people newly diagnosed with HIV expected to live? - answers another 50 years  how much has the average American lifespan increased since 1890? - answers almost 30 years  approvable letter - answers letters sent by the FDA to the applicant indicating weather the new drug application for a product meets requirements  asymptomatic - answers without signs or symptoms  blinded or masked study - answers participants don't know if they are in experimental or control group  those in experimental group get medications/treatments being tested  control group gets standard or no treatment is ethical and that the rights of participation are protected  off label - answers usage of medication for purposes other than the specific ones appearing in the labeling  placebo - answers inative pill that has no treatment value  in experiments, treatments are compared with placebos to asses treatments effect  placebo effect - answers effect produced by the placebo due to the expectations of the patient.  measured by comparing effects of patient reciving placebo and that receiving treatment  study protocol - answers general design and operating features of a trial.  distinguished from the study manual of operations by its generality and absence of specific details needed for day to day execution of the trial  toxicity - answers the extent, quality, or degree to which a substance is poisonous or harmful to the body  treatment group - answers a group of patients assigned to receive a specified treatment  what is the main difference between a blinded and double- blinded study? - answers in a double blinded study neither the staff nor  drug distribution and elimination - answers drug delivery systems, route of administration, modes of excretion  chemical name - answers describes the atomic or molecular structure of the drug  generic name - answers since chemical name is too complex and official assigns a generic name  trade name - answers chosen by pharmaceutical company that manufactures/distributes the drug  drug - answers any substance that proceeds a physical or psychological change in the body  cell membrane - answers all cells are wrapped in a semi-permeable membrane that protects them from outside elements and distinguishes them from their surrou  cell membrane receptors - answers specific molecules on the cell membrane surface that produce/block biological activity in the presence3 of specific substances to which they bind  the nucleus - answers brain of the cell that regulates all activities  some cells don't have one  cytoplasm/protoplasm - answers substance inside the outer memebrane and outside of the nucleus  contains most of the intracellular fluid and out of the brain, nerves, and spinal cord  organs - answers specialized cells are tissues grouped together to perform a specific body function for a common purpose  plasma - answers liquid portion of the blood  proteins - answers made up of chains of amino acids  fats - answers stored in special body tissues as a great source of reserve energy  necessary for growth and other body functions like absorption of some vitamins  carbohydrates - answers the body immediate source of energy  broken down into glucose and used for immediate metabolic reactions  vitamins - answers substances necessary for growth, development, and normal regulation of metabolic processes  taken in from outside body  minerals - answers substances necessary for bodily processes such as the balance of body fluids, formation/maintence of bones and teeth, proper functioning of muscles  main ones are calcium, potassium, iron, sodium, phosphorus, iodine and almost immediately into the bloodstream  the rights of drug administration - answers the right patient, the right drug, and the right dose, right route, right time  pro-drugs - answers admistired in an inactive form, which is metabolized into an active form  the resulting metabolites produce the desired therapeutic effects  The kidney of an 85-year-old person excretes drugs only _____ as efficiently as that of a 35-year-old person. - answers around 50%  the normal age-related decrease in kidney function can help doctors determine an appropriate dosage based solely on a persons age (T/F) - answers TRUE  what differentiates a caplet from a tablet? - answers Caplets are shaped like capsules and have film coatings to aid in swallowing.  where will you find the legend "caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without a prescription"? - answers on the label of all perscription drugs  what happens in slow acetylators? - answers drugs that are metabolized by N-acetyl transferese tend to reach higher blood levels and remain in the body longer  about ____ of the people in the US are "slow acetylators" - answers 50%  it would be aimed precisely at a disease site  it would not harm any healthy tissues  which statement accurately differentiates resistance from tolerance? - answers tolerance refers to a persons diminished response to a drug after repeated use  resistance applies to microorganisms or "cancel" cells abilities to withstand drug effects  between _____ and ____ of hospital admissions in the US are estimated to be for treatment of adverse drug reactions - answers 3% and 7%  which statment is true about the universal scale for quantifying the severity of an adverse drug reaction? - answers none are true because there is no such scale  Why is noncompliance a serious public health concern? - answers it increases the cost of medical care  which of the following are eligible for patent protection under US regulations? - answers the drug itself  the method of delivering and releasing the drug into the bloodstream  the way the drug is made  drugs' trade names are often unrelated to their intended use (T/F) - answers TRUE  What cements the active and inert components together to maintain cohesive portions? - answers binders  what does the medical abbreviation "BID" denote? - answers twice a day  what is the medical abbreviation for "as needed" - answers PRN  which components might cause patients different reactions to brand name and generic drugs? - answers differences in inactive ingredients  what influences drug response? - answers the patents genetic makeup, are, size, use of other drugs/supplements  patients other conditions or diseases  whether or not the patient takes the drug properly  drug reactions are predictable because they do not occur after a person has been previously exposed to the drug one of more times without any allergic reactions (T/F) - answers FALSE  what is the typical relationship between a drugs site of administration and site of action? - answers they are usually somewhat removed from each other  what is CMAX? - answers the peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve  main concepts in clinical pharmacology - answers drug distribution and elimination  who is normally responsible for selling to distributors? - answers NAMs  national account managers  How often do secondary drug wholesale distributors buy their drugs directly from manufactures? - answers sometimes  By FDA law, large chain pharmacies are not allowed to buy directly from drug manufactures. (T/F) - answers FALSE- they can buy directly from drug manufactures  Only 3 companies account for nearly 90% of all drug wholesale sales. - answers TRUE  cardinal health, McKesson HBOC, AmerisourceBergen  what type of sale bypasses the need for intermediary distributors? - answers manufacturer-direct sales  what is a group purchasing organization (GPO)? - answers an entity consisting of two or more hospitals or other health care entities that negotiates contracts on behalf of its members  Prescriptions dispensed by mail- order pharmacies are, on average, around ____________ than those dispensed by retail pharmacies. - answers 3 times larger  types of non-stock sale - answers brokerage sales  dock-to-dock sales  drop shipments  what differentiates exclusivity from a patent? - answers exclusivity is only granted upon the drug's FDA approval  what is required of an invention for it to be worthy of patent protection? - answers it must be novel, useful, and not obvious  a generic drug is _____ to the originator brand-name drug in dosage, strength, safety, and quality - answers bioequlivant  which is required by the FDA's criteria for Equivalency? - answers the drugs are adequately labeled  the drugs contain identical amounts of the same active ingredients  the drugs involve the same dosage form and route of administration  what is generally considered the most reliable source of information on therapeutically equlivant drug products? - answers approved drug products with therapeutic equlivance  what is an orange box rating - answers AA  what is the term for chemical equlivants which, when administered in the same amounts, will provide the same biological or physiological availability as measured by blood and urine levels? - answers biological equivalents  what term denotes a drug that is identical or bio equivalent to the originator brand-name drug in dosage form, safety, strength, route, quality, left and obtain a signature for that amount (T/F) - answers TRUE  what is prohibited by section 503 of the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act, as amended by the perscription drug marketing act? - answers the sale, purchase, or trade or offer to sell, purchase, or trade perscription drug samples  the federal government does not regulate the drug sampling for a pharamceutical rep (t/f) - answers FALSE  which of the following is permitted by section 503 of the federal food, drug, and cosmetic act? - answers none of these  which entity issues monographs that define how drugs should be stored, and what variance is allowed in their stated contents? - answers united states pharmacopoeial convention  storage conditions for drug products are based on information supplied by the manufacturer (T/F) - answers TRUE  medications are usually unaffected by changes in temperature, light, humidity, and other environmental factors - answers FALSE  In which cases can degraded drugs SOMETIMES still be used? - answers when the amount of remianing drug has not fallen lower than 85-90% of that stated on the label  drug recalls are almost always negotiatied with the FDA beforehand (T/F) - answers TRUE available sooner to patients. (T/F) - answers TRUE  which of the following regulatory agencies is industry-based (i.e., run mainly by the companies themselves)? - answers pharmaceutical research and manufactureres of america (PhRMA)  according to your manal, which tyoe of system is the best way to deliver healthcare? - answers a market-based system  how would increase increased pharmaceutical price controls affect the U.S. healthcare system? - answers increased price controls would stifle innovation  which of the following invests a greater percentage of sales in research than the biotech sector? - answers none of these  what was the intent of the Bayh- Dole Act and the Stevenson-Wydler technology innovation act? - answers to hasten the commericialization of technologies that otherwise might not be used  according to your manual, what did the G10 medicines group recently report about the pharmaceutical industry in the European union? - answers there is poor collaboration between publicly and privatley funded research centers  The aim of preclinical pharmacological studies is to obtain data on the safety and effectiveness of the lead compound. (T/F) - answers TRUE liver? - answers intravenous administration  transdermal adminstiaation  DOES NOT: rectal administration  Why are intravenous drug dosages easier to control than drugs administered transdermally? - answers the entire dose is available in the bloodstream to be distributed to the target site  which of the following affects a drugs distribution to its target tissues? - answers the drugs lipid- solubility  the drugs polarity  the vascular nature of the drugs target tissue  which of these medical terms means "to apply the drug on the skin surface"? - answers transdermal  Carcinogenicity studies are carried out to identify the tumor-causing potential of a drug. (T/F) - answers TRUE  According to NIH ethical guidelines, which of the following is the most important criteria in selecting subjects for clinical studies? - answers scientific objectives  which statement about the IRB is correct - answers the investigator must inform the IRB/IEC of any changes in the research activity to find exposure to risk factors? - answers case-control study  which measure of central tendency is the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations? - answers mean  which measurements describes the number of new events that occur during a specified period of time in a population at risk for the event (e.g., lung infections per year) - answers incidence  which of the following measures is used to describe the variability of the population mean? - answers standard error of the mean  which of the following terms denotes the extent to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to be measuring, or what we think it is measuring? - answers validity  what are the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis? - answers moths of survival analysis  what section of a clinical paper describes subjects' entry and exclusion criteria? - answers methods  which document sets out how a trial is to be conducted (i.e., the study's general design and operating features)? - answers protocol  when designing and performing clinical trials, several ethical constraints must be considered. which of the following are these ethical constraints? - answers independent review  vaccines are types of "small molecule" drugs  what is an advantage of attenuated vaccines over inactivated vaccines? - answers attenuated vaccines are less expensive to prepare  how are toxoids derived? - answers from the toxins secreted by a pathogen  what is the estimated annual death toll for malaria? - answers 1.5 to 3.5 million people  there are more white blood cells than red blood cells for the same volume in the human body (T/F) - answers FALSE  How was insulin primarily obtained from the 1930s to the 1980s? - answers porcine and bovine extracts  types of cytokines - answers interferons  interleukins  monotones  type of hormones - answers amino acid derivatives  polypeptides  steroids  which of the following is a basic gene therapy technique? - answers in vitro, in which patients genetically faulted tissues are removed, loaded  Effective drug therapy is a cost- effective and highly valuable means of controlling total healthcare expenditures and improving quality of life. (T/F) - answers TRUE  drug utilization review (DUR) programs.... - answers have traditionally been used to ensure the appropriate, safe, and effective use of prescription drugs, but are increasingly shifting their focus to minimizing costs.  DUR programs involve retrospective monitoring of physicians' prescribing patterns. (T/F) - answers TRUE  a formulary is a list of prescription drugs approved by insurance coverage (T/F) - answers TRUE  the history of drug formularies in the U.S. extends back to - answers the American revolution  Types of formularies? - answers closed three-tier formulary in which generic drugs are listed on tier 1  a five tier formulary that is supplemented by a step therapy program  an open formulary that places few restrictions on coverage access  recent formulary trends - answers multi-tier strategies  prior authorization  step therapy organization, or a point-of-service plan. (T/F) - answers FALSE  pharmaceutical companies are more interested in acquiring and exploring another brands than in acquiring another R&D and sales and marketing assets (T/F) - answers FALSE  ideally, when should brand strategy development for a new drug begin? - answers during phase II clinical trials  which of the following is an example of an "expressive" value? - answers "I own a BMW because I want people to know that I'm a serious driving enthusiast"  according to your manual, which of the following is an example of a "functional" value? - answers convenience  efficacy  safety  NOT: uniqueness  It is rare for pharmaceutical companies to explore, develop and promote expressive values with which patients might identify (T/F) - answers TRUE  To be competitive, pharmaceutical brands must be distinctive. They must possess defining characteristics that are perceived by customers to be unique, attractive and relevant to their needs. (T/F) - answers TRUE