Colonial North America: Settlements, Societies, and Conflicts, Exams of Advanced Education

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AMSCO AP US History Topics 2.2-2.

Exam Questions and Answers

Spanish Colonies in N. Am - Answer Florida, Gulf Coast of Texas, California French Colonies in N. Am - Answer Found in the Great Lakes region, traded fur with the Native Americans, got along well with the Natives Dutch Colonies in N. Am - Answer Similar to French. Traded with Native Americans. Major settlement in New Amsterdam, which later becomes New York. British Colonies - Answer Established by settlers, many of whom migrated as a family, who wanted to escape persecution in Europe and worship freely in the Americas Corporate Colonies - Answer Colonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown (p. 38) Royal Colonies - Answer Colonies under the direct authority and rule of the king's government, such as Virginia after 1624. (p. 38) Proprietary Colonies - Answer Colonies under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king. (p. 38) Jamestown (1607) - Answer First permanent English settlement in N. Am located in Virginia. Led by John Smith (Demanded that "He who does not work, will not eat) and John Rolfe who introduced tobacco to the colony. Pocahontas - Answer She was the American Indian wife of John Rolfe in early settlement days in Jamestown. Headright System - Answer The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land (p. 39) The Separatists and Plymouth - Answer Separatists were Puritans who believed the Church of England was beyond saving and felt that they must separate from it. (p40) Pilgrims - Answer English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

Plymouth Colony - Answer A colony established by the English Pilgrims, or Separatists, in 1620. The Separatists were Puritans who abandoned hope that the Anglican Church could be reformed. Plymouth became part of Massachusetts in 1691. (p40) Great Migration - Answer This movement started because of a civil war in England. Nearly 15,000 settlers came to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. (p. 40) Massachusetts Bay Colony - Answer Colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic. "City upon a hill" (p. 40) Act of Toleration (Maryland) - Answer The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians, but it called for death of all non-Christians. It was created to provide a safe haven for Catholics. (p.40) Roger Williams - Answer A respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority. He was banished from the Bay colony for his beliefs. In 1636, he founded the settlement of Providence. (p. 42) Providence - Answer This settlement has founded in 1636 by Roger Williams. (p. 42) Anne Hutchinson - Answer This Puritan believed in antinomianism and was banished from the Bay colony because of her beliefs. In 1638, she founded the colony of Portsmouth. (p. 42) antinomianism - Answer The idea that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for salvation. (p. 42) Rhode Island - Answer In 1644, Parliament granted Roger Williams a charter, joining Providence and Portsmouth into a single colony, Rhode Island. (p. 42) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) - Answer First constitution in written history (1639). Established a representative government made up of a legislature elected by the people and a governor chosen by the legislature. (p. 42) Halfway covenant - Answer In the 1660s, people could now take part in church services and activities without making a formal commitment to Christ. It was created because the next generation of colonists were less committed to religious faith, but churches still needed members. (p. 42) Restoration Colonies - Answer The colonies King Charles II established or supported during the Restoration of the crown in England (these colonies are Carolinas, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania) (p.43)

South Carolina - Answer Few settlers who came to N. Am from Caribbean who farmed and created rice plantations, which were profitable because they used enslaved labor. (p43) North Carolina - Answer Unlike S. Carolina, this colony had few ways of transporting goods by sea (because it had few good harbors), which meant the region did not attract large plantation owners. These were more self-sufficient farmers who liked democratic governments. (p. 44) Middle Colonies - Answer New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware William Penn - Answer In 1861, the royal family paid a large debt by granting his family a large parcel of American land. This Quaker, formed a colony that he named Pennsylvania. (p. 45) Quakers - Answer Members of the Religious Society of Friends who believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, and resistance to military service. (p. 45) Holy Experiment - Answer William Penn put his Quaker beliefs to the test in his colony, Pennsylvania. He wanted the colony to provide a religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people, enact liberal ideas in government, and generate income and profits for himself. (p. 45) Charter of Liberties - Answer In 1701, the Pennsylvania colony created this written constitution which guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration. (p. 45) Georgia Colony - Answer Founded to create a barrier between the Spanish owned southern land and the Northern British owned land. It was the last of the original 13 colonies, founded by James Oglethorpe on April 21, 1732. The British sent thousands of people who were imprisoned in England for debt. (p45) House of Burgesses, 1619 - Answer The first elected lawmaking body in North America, established by the Virginia Company to allow representative government in Virginia. (p46) Mercantilism - Answer The economic theory that a country's wealth was determined by how much more it exported than it imported. Meant that colonies had one purpose: enrich the parent country. (p. 50) Navigation Acts - Answer Between 1650 and 1673 England passed a series of acts which establish rules for colonial trade.

• Trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by English or colonial-built ships, which could be operated only by English or colonial crews.
• All goods imported in the colonies, except some perishables, had to pass through the ports in England.

• Specified goods from the colonies could be exported only to England. (p. 50) Salutary neglect (1688-1763) - Answer Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French and Indian War in 1763. (p51) Dominion of New England - Answer James II wanted to increase royal control in the colonies, so he combined them into larger units and abolished their representative assemblies. The Dominion of New England was combined New York, New Jersey, and the other New England colonies into a single unit. (p. 52) indentured servants - Answer Young people from England under contract with a master who paid for their passage. Worked for a specified period for room and board, then they were free. triangular trade - Answer Merchants traded colonist rum for African slaves, African slaves for West Indies sugar cane, and sugar cane was brought back to the colonies to make rum. (p. 49) Metacom's War (King Philip's War) - Answer 1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanoags, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over Native American groups. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Native land for expansion of European colonies. (p. 55) Bacon's Rebellion (1676) - Answer Rebellion of colonists against both Native Americans and the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley. Rebellion made up of angry former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon. Bacon declared enslaved people and indentured servants free to get their help with the rebellion. Ended when Bacon died from illness. (p.55-56) Effects of Bacon's Rebellion - Answer Collapse of indentured servant system, formation of white privilages in Virginia laws, and a push toward increasing the African Slave Trade (Stamped Ch 3) Pueblo Revolt of 1680 - Answer An uprising of Indians in Santa Fe against Spanish colonization. The Pueblo killed 400 Spanish and drove the remaining 2,000 settlers out of the province. Twelve years later the Spanish returned and were able to reoccupy New Mexico with little opposition. However, the Spanish were more accommodating of Indian culture afterwards (p. 56) Indentured Servants - Answer Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years (p 59)

Slave Laws of Virginia in 1661 - Answer Laws that said children automatically inherited the their MOTHER's enslaved status, creating a unique American slavery system unlike previous types of slavery. Population growth in English Colonies - Answer Between 1701 and 1775, the population of European colonists and enslaved Africans in the colonies grew from 250,000 to 2,500,000. Examples of Equality in the Colonies - Answer Religious toleration, no hereditary aristocracy, and social mobility (ability to move from lower classes to upper class through hard work). Great Awakening (1739-1744) - Answer A sudden outbreak of religious fervor that swept through the colonies. One of the first events to unify the colonies. (p. 67-8) Political effect of Great Awakening - Answer the religious independent thinking led to more democratic ideas and a challenging of England's authority Colonial Society - Answer Wealthy landowners and merchants stood at the top, independent farmers were next, followed by craftsmen. At the bottom were unskilled laborers and enslaved people.