Comm 1000 uconn exam 1 questions well answered to pass, Exams of Nursing

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Comm 1000 uconn exam 1

Communications - correct answer ✔✔Process of managing messages from the purpose of creating shared meaning. Transaction - correct answer ✔✔Between at least two people. The process of continuously sending and receiving messages. Model of Human communication - correct answer ✔✔ Messages - correct answer ✔✔can be verbal or non verbal, unintentional, and intentional. Four Types: Intention Verbal, intentional nonverbal, unintentional verbal, unintentional nonverbal. Channels - correct answer ✔✔The medium through a message is sent. It can be face-to-face or over the internet. Interference - correct answer ✔✔Prevents message from being received or prevents intended meaning from being understood. noise - correct answer ✔✔Interferes with sending and receiving of messages, doesn't just mean physical noise like jack hammer outside, could be preoccupied with exam you have next class, can be psychological, physiological etc. semantic noise - correct answer ✔✔Type of noise occurs because of misunderstanding of word meaning Filters - correct answer ✔✔Filters can be your age, gender, race, experience, etc. These filters determine how you receive and response to a message.

1. Personality
2. Upbringing / Background
3. Race

Intrapersonal - correct answer ✔✔Communication within a person. How you think of yourself. Interpersonal - correct answer ✔✔Communication with another person (dyadic). Between 2 people Interviewing - correct answer ✔✔Focused on question-answer pattern. How you think of yourself has no correlation with how good you are. Small group communicatio - correct answer ✔✔3+ members of a group influencing one another. Public Communication - correct answer ✔✔Stand up, political event, lecture. Speaking to a large group of people in av public setting Organizational Communication - correct answer ✔✔Different cultures on interaction. decisions made at different levels. tries to find a means to an end, goal oriented communication Health Communication - correct answer ✔✔communication studies effective method for reducing negative behaviors, safety, reduce smoking Mass Communication - correct answer ✔✔Communication through technology and the media. Five Elements to Effective Communication - correct answer ✔✔Understanding, Pleasure, Attitude Influence, Improved relationships, and Action Humanistic Approach to Communication - Rhetoric - correct answer ✔✔using language to persuade, compare style of trump & obama (examines the way people use certain language and devices to convince others) Humanistic Approach to Communication - Interpretivist - correct answer ✔✔Looks at responses to event, i.e. what did we learn about the USA from that event

Humanistic Approach to Communication - Critical Scholar - correct answer ✔✔Looks at the distribution of power in a situation and what happens when there is a shift in power. looks at oppression & cases of inequality, why imbalances are the way they are Qualitative - correct answer ✔✔Qualitative research collects data that are rich in detail and description. Uses in depth interviews, ethnography, and participant observation. Ex: Liberals vs Democrats. "work in the field" Quantitative - correct answer ✔✔Quantitative Research seeks to uncover patterns in communication behaviors via numbers. Uses advanced techniques and rigid testing to support/ reject hypothesis. Steps to Scientific Research - correct answer ✔✔1. Ask a question or state a problem

2. Formulate a hypothesis or research questions
3. Think through and refine hypothesis or research questions
4. Design and conduct the observation, measurement. or experiment
5. Analyze and interpret the data Ex: relationship between attendance and exam grades How research is conducted - correct answer ✔✔Empirical- objective - Logical and consistent - Public - Scientific method: Empirical - correct answer ✔✔using multiple choice instead of paragraphs allows us to take a look at certain things very carefully.. Observed and measured carefully measured scientific method: objective - correct answer ✔✔make rules to prevent biases from entering trying to be fair and deciding to use data rather than beliefs/opinions

scientific method: public - correct answer ✔✔Let the public see, peer-reviewed by other scholars in the field Other scholars read our work first, to make sure it isn't biased etc scientific method: logical & consistent - correct answer ✔✔must be consistent with conclusion & data obtained, must be rational Content Analysis - correct answer ✔✔Method analyzes comm artifacts, such as newspaper article and media broadcasts, law and order episodes, not about peoples thoughts or opinions, or attitudes Systematic analysis of the content of communication messages. Purpose: Describes frequency of a behavior Compares behavior types/ rates across different contexts. Content Analysis Issues - correct answer ✔✔Requires a representative sample Need clear, specific definition of behavior (requires coding) Limited to studying what is already occurring (i.e. need clear definitions of violence vs sexual violence) Survey Research - correct answer ✔✔Examines what people do Relies on self- reports Examines relationship between variables -- relies on your honesty ex. relationship questionnaires, attitude surveys, media habits research Social Desirable - correct answer ✔✔Tell them What they want to hear instead of the truth. Same with Surveys. Survey Research Issues - correct answer ✔✔Needs representative Sample Questions must be of high-quality Causation does not equal correlation

Limitations: No control over the variables Cannot make casual connection can only see the relationship Self Reports Experimental Research - correct answer ✔✔Manipulation of variables Control of other variables/setting Measures the effectiveness/outcome of manipulation Experimental Research Issues - correct answer ✔✔Goal: Draw a casual conclusion -Requires random assignments to condition Limitations:

Hard to generalize results from lab environment Artificial Setting Limited subject population Requires strong procedure to prevent issues Ex: testing the theory of violent shows/ games equals violent behavior. You would have to make sure they do't pause or start texting Heinsburg's uncertainly principle - correct answer ✔✔- all measurement contains error

• anytime we analyze & conclude something will contain an error Reliability - correct answer ✔✔Means that measurements are consistent across time. consistent & stable results For example, if you were asked a series of the same questions every day, your answer should remain the same. Validity - correct answer ✔✔measure of accuracy, relatively consistent

accuracy and replicability i.e. consistently on time Answers still consistent, but phrased differently. Perception - correct answer ✔✔On going active process. Interpreting the sensory experience of the world. Our judgement is not always correct. Selective Attention - correct answer ✔✔- choosing to pay attention to only certain details/elements (filter out other info)

• lose sight of other things that are happening Perceptual Filters - correct answer ✔✔-Ways we look at things based on expectations, assumptions, and experiences we've learned through life -Physical/ physiological limits. Ex: age, sexuality, friends, gender. Psychological Sets - correct answer ✔✔Expectations that shape experience. You get into a certain frame of mind. Ex. waiting for someone at the airport, focused on finding them, sometimes spot them from a mile away because you are so focused Active perception - correct answer ✔✔Select- we try to select the best thing, gets our attention Organize- select reputation. Ex: someone saying um every couple seconds Interpret- Put it together into what we think it may be Attribution - correct answer ✔✔Process of assigning meaning to other's behavior. the act of asking why? Self-Attribution Bias - correct answer ✔✔We act a certain way because of the situation. others attribution bias: act a certain way because of 'who they are'

Dis-positional Other - correct answer ✔✔Process of assigning meaning to others based on personality features, i.e. friend that is always sarcastic overuse of personality reasons (disposition) with others. Ex: He failed because he didn't study Self- serving bias - correct answer ✔✔Overuse of situational attribution with self. Ex: I failed because those questions were ridiculous Self - concept - correct answer ✔✔Relatively Stable impression of yourself - physical and psychological Looking-glass self - correct answer ✔✔What we told, we start to believe Self-expansion model - correct answer ✔✔You meet new people, and you gain new experience. In turn you grow as a person. Social Comparison - correct answer ✔✔We determine our worth as we stack up against other people Feedback - correct answer ✔✔ex. people supporting you "keep going" Self- fulfilling prophecy - correct answer ✔✔If you think you can or can't is what will happen self esteem - correct answer ✔✔Your feelings of self-worth. Connects to physical appearance, intelligence, work, Qualities, and your friends. Impressions of others - Primary Effect - correct answer ✔✔First information we receive is the most decisive in first impressions Expressiveness - correct answer ✔✔a dimension of nonverbal communication that influences our first impressions, has been linked with animation, dynamism , expansiveness, and intensity

• nonverbal vs. verbal communication influences us..

Charisma - correct answer ✔✔Personal magnetism that enables an individual to attract and influence people Stereotyping - correct answer ✔✔Generalization about a class of people, objects, or event that is widely given culture Process of generalizing about a group of people based on an attribute or feature accuracy of our perceptions - correct answer ✔✔-Context: understand the context of a fight, for ex. -Interpersonal Sensitivity: pick up on verbal and nonverbal messages -Perceiver self-confidence: has no bearing on actual judgements -dispositional Intelligence: how good are we at navigating situations -Awareness of Limitations Outgroup - correct answer ✔✔You remember negative traits Verbal Communication - correct answer ✔✔A system of symbols and codes used to construct and convey messages Reference - correct answer ✔✔The object for which a symbol refers -->the less concrete the referent, the harder it is for us to agree on what a symbol means ex. freedom (people have many different definitions of freedom) Triangle of Meaning - correct answer ✔✔

Denotative Meaning - correct answer ✔✔The dictionary definition of a message. Words can have multiple dictionary meaning. Ex: Cocky vs Confident, they have the same meaning. Connotative Meaning - correct answer ✔✔Emotions and feelings associated with a message Private meaning - correct answer ✔✔We don't say it, but we think it. A word that has its own connotative meaning to someone emotional intelligence - correct answer ✔✔Includes self awareness, an individual understanding of their own behavior Phatic Communication - correct answer ✔✔To communicate for well-being. Attitude Influence - correct answer ✔✔The process of changing and reformulating attitudes Seligman's Model of Happiness: ABC Model - correct answer ✔✔A: The adversity you may experience B: Your beliefs about that event C: Emotional consequences of your belief Frog Pond Effect - correct answer ✔✔Being successful in a not so successful group. "Big Frog in small pond" Shared Meaning - correct answer ✔✔Patterns of speaking, ways of speaking, codes. Code Switching - correct answer ✔✔Switch behavior with different groups. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔Language is the primary means of which we think complex language. If you now complex language then your thinking should improve.

Idea that language shapes how we see the world, when we communicate with words we are shaping the world around us Strong Determinism: The words we use strictly and directly shape our thoughts Weak Determinism: Our thoughts and world view are influenced by language language has a effect but doesn't shape it, but comm is not a strong impact Strong Determinism - correct answer ✔✔If you don't have a word for it, then you can't feel it. Weak Determinism - correct answer ✔✔How we feel it, language influence, but it doesn't control feelings. Language Issues???? - correct answer ✔✔Abstract/ Vague - aren't defined enough Inference - Taking/ making your meaning of what was said Dichotomies- Force one thing into the other Equivocal language - two or more meaning, contexts matters Euphemism - correct answer ✔✔Comforting words, softens the truth. Sexism and language - correct answer ✔✔pronouns were men orientated, but we slowly started making it neutral. Hedge - correct answer ✔✔You are certain of the answer, but won't say it directly. state a fact using 'kinda' or 'i think' disclaimers - correct answer ✔✔i think answer is this but I'm not totally sure Meta-communication - correct answer ✔✔Study of communication about communication

Listening - correct answer ✔✔A process of receiving constructing meaning from and responding to spoken language. It is psychological - involves mind and use powers of interpretation and focus Hearing - correct answer ✔✔You hear it, but might not process it. It is physiological. Components of listening - correct answer ✔✔Hearing Understanding - understand the details Remembering - putting it in short term memory Interpreting - Connecting the person and context to piece it together Evaluating - Why did they say that - good/ bad, like/ dislike (how we feel about message) Responding- feedback Action- orientated - correct answer ✔✔Active listening and gather information accurately. class settings - info getting is accurate Content - orientated - correct answer ✔✔complicated info, detailed listening, parsing info about what we care about People-orientated - correct answer ✔✔Not evaluating, you listen to give comfort ad support. focus on others, make connections & relate Time- orientated - correct answer ✔✔Efficient communicating, get to the point, emergency settings Barriers to Listening - correct answer ✔✔Physical - Interrupted hearing from physical objects, body & mind, noise in a room Psychological - Bored, emotions, thinking of plans ahead, worried/stressed about other things Conflicting objective - Trying to get a message across but not receiving properly, only focus on material on exams

• attraction - attracted to someone Poor Listening habits - interrupting, eye contact, drifting, not responding to requests

Psuedolistening - correct answer ✔✔When use verbal and non-verbal cues to make the appearance of listening. pretending to listen using all nonverbal cues to make it seem like we are listening why we are losing our listening - correct answer ✔✔-recordings -avoid noise with headphones -impatient -personal broadcasting-> less communication -desensitized -Julian Treasure: by product of society is inability to listen active listening- paraphrasing, reflection, questions - correct answer ✔✔paraphrasing:repeating someones ideas in our own words reflection: process thought questions: ability ti ask question & keep convos going better conversation suggestions - correct answer ✔✔1. stop multitasking

2. keep your focus, keep listening
3. ask open questions
4. don't overshare; it'll clog convo
5. set aside your opinion
6. stop matching or one-upping
7. stop repeating yourself
8. be efficient C.A.R.E - correct answer ✔✔Concentrate - Don't drift Analogy - Head nods and repeat Respect - Looking and care when they are sharing

Empathize - Put yourself in their shoes Non-verbal communication - correct answer ✔✔The use of objects, action, sounds time and space to convey a meaning. 65% of meaning is nonverbal Gestalt: nonverbal is perceived all at once, nonverbal is perceived more truthful than verbal comm Vocal - correct answer ✔✔The sounds and tones in our pitch & tone Nonvocal - correct answer ✔✔use of movement and gestures. Nonverbal vs Verbal - Nonverbal - correct answer ✔✔Nonverbal can: complements verbal-showing & telling substitute for verbal Regulates Contradicts Illustrates Paralanguage - correct answer ✔✔not what you say, its how you say it -emphasizing different words changes meaning Objectics - correct answer ✔✔study of things around us & on us, objects and what the communicate i.e. professor doesn't teach in appropriate clothes, stuff around you helps you show who to percieve Proxemics - correct answer ✔✔Space, territory and distance to convey a message. i.e. lecture hall- we respect boundary of seats to stifanos area

• differentiates based on circumstances & space Proxemics - correct answer ✔✔personal space

intimate: 0-18'' personal: 18''-4' social: 4'-12' public: 12'+ whispering is an intimate, private interaction Orientation - correct answer ✔✔Positioning to signal meaning. how we face each other and align our bodies up Haptics - correct answer ✔✔Study of how we use touch to communicate. signals affiliation sometimes ritualistic men identify touches as more sexually inclined Kinesics- 2 forms - correct answer ✔✔Study of gestures and movements.

1. facial expressions: intentional or unintentional, contextual differences, frown=sadness, smile is usually universal
2. body movement & gestures: context matters, people matter (view cultures diff ways), cultural differences
3. body language: emblems- gestures that substitute for words illustrations- accompany or show with gestures affect displays- Show of emotion Regulators-help to pace communication adaptors- anxious when communicating, manifest it in our behaviors, clicking a pen, ways we process anxiety in communicating Oculesics - correct answer ✔✔Using eye contact and eye gaze to communicate a message. eye contact regulates higher when listening and not speaking

• stare at attractive people

• show power & dominance
• women use more often Chromemics - correct answer ✔✔Use of time in responses
• assert dominance when prof makes you stay later
• will you merry me Monochromatic - correct answer ✔✔focusing on one thing at a time, interrupting is perceived as rude. Poly-chromatic - correct answer ✔✔multitasking. Haves people more than obligations. Emotion - correct answer ✔✔The minute signal of affect, attention, approach/ avoidance, dominance/ submission. these signals help to shape social order emotional comm - correct answer ✔✔must be studied by studying the individual within the social system Spontaneous Communication - correct answer ✔✔Natural and sudden response
• based upon a biologically shared single system
• non voluntary -involves signs, not symbols -non propositional (never false) -mainly right brained components of spontaneous communication - correct answer ✔✔biological involuntary never a false response right brain response

Symbolic communication - correct answer ✔✔Different symbols to get different reactions. It is not natural. Components of symbolic communication - correct answer ✔✔-Socially shared system -voluntary -Involves symbols (arbitrary) -can include nonverbal communication Left brain response

• propositional (can be false) Three types of emotions - correct answer ✔✔1) Bodily adaptation and maintenance of homeostasis

2. he external expression of motivational/ emotional state
3. The subjective experience of motivation/ emotional state Bodily adaption and maintenance of homeostasis - correct answer ✔✔Includes flight or fight responses, need for food/water/oxygen The external expression of motivation/ emotion - correct answer ✔✔Useful for social coordination, sexual reproduction, dominance/ submission. The subjective experience of motivation/ emotional state - correct answer ✔✔Useful for self-regulation, reflection, and learning. a monitoring system for humans Nonverbal sending accuracy - correct answer ✔✔They have a clear response. Nonverbal receiving ability - correct answer ✔✔How good you are at picking up emotions. Repression - correct answer ✔✔Black certain things so you can feel better Cope - correct answer ✔✔Spin events, talk ourselves through things.

Lies of Fabrication - correct answer ✔✔A complete lie. Lies of exaggeration - correct answer ✔✔Make it sound better or worse that it is. White lies - correct answer ✔✔The lies we tell to not hurt others' feelings. Barefaced lies - correct answer ✔✔Lies that everyone knows is a lie, but won't say it outloud. Lies of omission - correct answer ✔✔Leave things out. Development Interaction Theory - correct answer ✔✔/
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/ Reason --- symbolic |

Emotion --- spontaneous emotion is the base of response - ross buck Distance range for intimate - correct answer ✔✔18 inches or less Range for personal distance - correct answer ✔✔1.5 to 4 feet away, a psychological distance Range for social distance - correct answer ✔✔4 to 12 feet apart Range for public distance - correct answer ✔✔12 feet or more Chameleon Effect - correct answer ✔✔Unconscious mimicry

Side-by-side - correct answer ✔✔Closer to the person but no eye contact Vis-a-vis frame - correct answer ✔✔you face each other, modulate the distance and keep eye contact. Pitch - correct answer ✔✔Frequency level of the voice Resonance - correct answer ✔✔A distinctive quality of sound. Leakage - correct answer ✔✔Can happen when the lie is spontaneous or rehearsed deception - correct answer ✔✔• Everybody Lies!

• Humans are lied to as many as 200 times per day. • Humans detect lies with just 54% accuracy. Types of Lies:
• Lies of Fabrication
• Lies of Exaggeration
• White Lies
• Barefaced Lies ("Did you actually just say that?")
• Lies of Omission
• Kind-Hearted Lies vs. Self-Serving Lies • Avoiding Eye Contact? Not a sure sign. developmental interactionist Theory (Buck, 1984) - correct answer ✔✔chart on slides Visual comm - correct answer ✔✔delivery of ideas an information through visual forms -signs, graphic designs why study this - correct answer ✔✔humans are very visual, ability to process visuals came before reading or conscious thoughts people learn through narrative- story telling

visualization puts data into context- priorities of money raised vs survival of diseases fundamentals: layout & design - correct answer ✔✔C-Ccontrast R-repition A-alignment P-proximitiy proximity - correct answer ✔✔group related items together to visually establish relationships, creates visual unity alignment - correct answer ✔✔place items on the page intentionally. all items should connect to other items. layout so it communicates more clearly creates cohesivness repetition - correct answer ✔✔repeat some aspect of the design throughout the entire piece. we commit it to memory, repeat assets, promotes consistency contrast - correct answer ✔✔juxtapose various elements of the piece to draw a viewer's eye into the page. provides emphasis composition - correct answer ✔✔captures a mood rule of thirds - correct answer ✔✔place on tic tac lines leading lines - correct answer ✔✔feels like your going, makes eyes travel leading look - correct answer ✔✔in movies

film and video tips - correct answer ✔✔OME REALLY BASIC TIPS. HORIZONTAL VIDEO, NOT VERTICAL! PAY ATTENTION TO THE SOUND. SHOW, DON'T TELL. DO WHAT YOU CAN WITH WHAT YOU HAVE. ABOVE ALL ELSE, TELL THE STORY. Semantic noise: - correct answer ✔✔Type of noise occurs because of misunderstanding of word meaning Humanist: - correct answer ✔✔Approach to comm includes rhetorical and critical scholars , usually qualitative Listening: - correct answer ✔✔Psychological process of receiving, constructing meaning from and responding Evaluating: - correct answer ✔✔Process of deciding how you feel about something that you hear Psychological barrier: - correct answer ✔✔Type of barrier to listening experience when you are bored, exam the next class and cant focus 6 stages of listening - correct answer ✔✔1 Hearing 2 Understanding 3 Remembering 4 Interpreting 5 Evaluating 6 Responding Chronemics: - correct answer ✔✔Study of the use of time. Text someone and they text back immediately, and they don't respond for a while when you ask to hangout 4 types of proxemics: - correct answer ✔✔• Public

• Personal
• Social

• Intimate Pseudo spontaneous: - correct answer ✔✔Posing of appropriate spontaneous emotion for a better social outcome, ie surprise party 6 primary affects: - correct answer ✔✔• Happy
• Surprised
• Fear
• Disgust
• Sad
• Anger