Comprehensive Guide to Hemodialysis Exam Preparation, Exams of Advanced Education

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CHT FINAL EXAM COMPLETE LATEST

MATERIAL GUIDE SOLUTION WITH

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

The functional unit of the kidney ,or the structure in the kidney that does the work is the - Nephron The leading cause of chronic kidney disease for adults in the usa - Diabetes A nephron is made up of? - A glomerulus and a tubule sysytem which of the following is not a symptom of uremia? - Elevated hematocrit Mrs.smith dry weight is 62kg. What is the total fluid weight to be removed? - 5,540 mL based on mrs. smith total amount of fluid to be removed what is the ultrafiltration rate per hr? - 1,385 mL which of the following is a cause of hypotention during and after dialysis treatment? - removing too much fluid the scale says a patient weights 70kg, this is the same as weight in how many pounds lbs? - 154 normal body pH is? - 7.35 - 7. one sign and symptom of fluid overload is? - hypertension abnormal leveles of this electroyte can cause cardiac and even death? - Potassium Water moves across a membrane from an area of lower solutes concentration to an area of higher solute concentration by? - Osmois

waste products are removed during dialysis by which principle? - Diffusion Excess fluid is forced out of the blood and into the dialysate during dialysis by which principle? - Ultrafiltration The movement of fluid from the tissue toward a higher concentration of sodium in the blood is a an example of? - Osmosis Decreasing the patients prescribe bloood flow rate affects the rate of - Diffusion Which of the following diffues from the patients blood during dialysis - urea which of the following actions would increase diffusion during dialysis? - using a bath that will provide a greater concentration gradlent Ultrafiltration is influenced by - Transmembrane pressure The most common complication in peritoneal dialysis is? - Peritontis The dextrose used in the dialysate for peritoneal dialysis can cause? - Hyperglycemia if a patient develops an infection post transplant the largest contributing factor would most likely be? - immunosuprssive medication The most frequent cause of death in the first year post transplant is? - infection Total cell volume( tcv ) is an indirect measure of the? - performance of the dialyzer The TCV should be no less than? - 80% The minimum dwell time to achieve sterilization with the chemical renalin is? - 11 hrs the reprocessed dialyzer is carefully rinsed prior to pateint use to remove - Residual sterilant

Germicide rebound occurs due to? - Inadequate dialyzer priming Which organization set the standards and recommendations for the dialyzer reprocessing? - AAMI The blood path integrity is tested to eliminate the possibilty of a blood leak. the drop pressure should not exceed? - 10 mmHg the purpose of using counter current flow is to? - increase the rate of waste removal The total pressure tht exists across the dialyzer membrane is called? - Transmembrane pressure Dialysate pH should be? - 7.0 - 7. dialysate tht is too hot will cause? - Hemolysis Which of the following component in dialysate is used to correct metabolic acidosis? - Bicarbonate Total chlorine levels in the water are tested - before each patient shift or evry 4 hrs The water softner removes? - Calcuim and magnesium AAMI standards for the total microbial count of dialysate shall not exceed? - 200 CFU/mL What is The water softner? - Operates on the principle of ion exchange which of the following is considered to be safe water for dialysis? - Dialysis quality water Patient exposure to chlormines during the hemodialysis treatment may cause? - Hemolysis

According to AAMI the standard level for endotoxin level is - Less than 2 EU/mL A mixed bed DI tank contains? - Cations and Anlons Feed conductivity product conductivity divied by x 100 is the formula calculation of? - Percent rejections The substance that may be added to the munipal drinking water to make it clear is? - Aluminum AAMI Chemical analysis of water used for hemodialysis is tested? - Annually The part of the cell wall of bacteria that when released can cause fever in hemodialysis patient is? - Endotoxin During a hemodialysis treatment the technicain responds to a low pressure alarm. the most likely cause for this alarm is? - Disconnection of the blood line The hemodialysis machine continously monitors many problems which of thses parameters must be verified by an external measuring device? - pH and Conductivity Which of the followingis most likely to cause high venous pressure alarm? - Kinking of the venous blood line During the step of a hemodialysis machine the alarm test for conductivity fails. Which of these actions should the dialysis tech take? - Notify the equipment technician A rinse in transmembrane pressure in a low flux dialyzer hemodialysis is indicative of? - Clotting of the extracorporeal circuit One reason tht normal saline is used to rinse and prime t? - Air Which of the following best describes the transducer protector? - Device inside the machine that converts air pressure into electronic signal.

Whichof the following would cause a high venous pressure alarm? - Venous needle is against the wall of the vessel The air detector alarms during treatment. if the machine is working properly the Dialysis tech should expect which of these events to have occurred? - Blood pump has stopped The extracorporeal circuit consists of the? - Blood lines and the dialyzer Before a hemodialysis treatment, the technician removesthe cap from the fistula needle and acciddentally touches the chair with the tip of the needle. which of these actions should the tech take first? - Discard the needle To determine the patency of an arteriorvenous vascular access, the dialysis tech should initially feel for the presence of? - A thrill A pateint complains of pain at the needle site. the dialysis technicain observes there is swelling distal to the venous needle site and that the venous pressure is rising. the tech should suspect? - An infiltration All of the following may be a sign and symptoms of an infected access EXCEPT? - Numbness and tingiling During a hemodialysis treatment, a patient venous needle infiltrates. which of these actions should the dialysis Tech take first? - Stop the blood pump which of these types of vascular accesses has the fewest complication? - An arteriovenous fistula One disadvantage of a fistula is an increase in? - In time to mature