Comprehensive Guide to Medical Terminology and Procedures, Exams of Nursing

Download Comprehensive Guide to Medical Terminology and Procedures and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! NHA CCMA(Certification Study Guide) 2024 Questions and Verified Answers CC - Answer Chief Complaint Segment - Answer Line between two wave forms P-wave - Answer Atrial Depolarization How many 1mm boxes are in a 6 second Rythm strip? - Answer 30 one millimeter boxes The SA node represents which waveform on the ekg? - Answer Only the P-wave What is the reading you can get from the RR interval? - Answer Ventricular Pulse What is the primary stage of Hemolisis? - Answer Vascular phase and platelet phase together What is Electophoresis? - Answer Analyzation of the chemical components of blood e.g. hemoglobin, serum, urinem cerebrospinal fluid based on electrical charge. Positive testing for occult blood in a stool sample turn which color? - Answer Turns Blue on a positive test for occult blood in feces. The stages of Hemostasis: - Answer 1. Vascular 2. Platelet Phase 3. Coagulation Phase 4. Fibronolysis Blood Vessels - Answer Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, veins, superior and inferior vena cavae. Outer connective tissue layer of a blood vessel - Answer Tunica adventitia Inner endothelial tissue layer of a blood vessel - Answer Tunica Intima The inner smooth layer of a blood vessel - Answer Tunica media The standards of right and wrong in a medical setting - Answer Code of Ethics What do you find in capillaries? - Answer A mixture of venous and arterial blood is found The average adult has how many liters of blood? - Answer 5-6 liters What is the percentage of water in blood? - Answer 92% Percentage of plasma in blood - Answer 55% Percentage of Formed Elements in the blood - Answer 45% 99% of formed elements in blood - Answer RBC's or Erythrocytes Where you find Hemoglobin - Answer RBC's Where do all blood cells originate? - Answer Bone Marrow How many RBC's per microliter of blood - Answer 4.2-6.2 million What is the second most numerous WBC? - Answer Lymphocyte with 20-40% Their numbers increase in intracellular infections and TB - Answer Monocytes Their numbers increase in bacterial infections and often are first on scene - Answer Neutrophils These WBC's play an important role in viral infection as well as in immunity. - Answer Lymphocytes Number of leukocytes for average adult per micrometer - Answer 5000-10000 Leukopenia - Answer Decrease in WBC's seen with viral infection and leukemia Comprises 3-8% of wbc or leukocytes - Answer Monocytes Largest in size of the leukocytes - Answer Monocytes Carries Histamine - Answer Basophil Injury to a blood vessel that causes it to constrict, slowing the clot of blood - Answer Cascular phase of hemostasis Preferred site for venipuncture - Answer Antecubital fossa Test used to evaluate the intrinsic pathway and monitor heparin therapy - Answer APTT also know as PTT Test used to evaluate the extrinsic pathway and also used to monitor warfarin therapy - Answer PT Fibrinolysis - Answer Breakdown and removal of a clot Converts the temorary platelet plug into a stable fibrin clot - Answer Coagulation phase This section of the lab uses serum to analyze the presence - Answer Serology (immunology) Section When checking for hormones in urine when do you collect the urine sample - Answer first voiding in the morning Which urine specimen provides the clearest, most accurate results? - Answer Clean catch midstream specimen Which urine sample requires aseptic technique? - Answer Clean catch specimen Examination of urine consists of - Answer physical, chemical, microscopic Physical examination of urine consists of - Answer colume (adequate for testing, observing color and appearance, odor, specific gravity What amount of urine must you have to be sufficient for analysis? - Answer 25ml What is the normal range of specific gravity of random collection - Answer 1.005-1.030 normal range of specific gravity of urine in adults with normal diet and fluid intake - Answer 1.015-1.025 Microscopic examination of urine requires this amount - Answer 10-15ml Urine Specific gravity - Answer The ratio of weight of a given colume of urine to the weight of the same volume of distilled water at a constant temperature Glycosuria - Answer presence of glucose in the urine Symptoms of patients with diabetes mellitus - Answer glycosuria, polyuria, and thirst A urine pH of what is considered neutral? - Answer 7.0 pH the copper reaction test is used for what? - Answer screening for glucose in urine The presence of leukocytes in urine is an indicator for what? - Answer bacteruria or UTI Urine Screening for UCG or HCG - Answer Pregnancy Test HIPPA is for? - Answer Patient Confidentiality The four elements of Negligence - Answer Duty, duty of care, derelict= breach of duty of care, direct cause, damage Tort - Answer Wrongful act that results in injury to one person to another Examples of Tort - Answer Battery, invasion of privacy, defamation of character Defamation of character by written statement is considered - Answer libel Consists of injury to another person's reputation , name or character through spoken (slander) or written (libel) - Answer Defamation of character unpriveleged touching - Answer Battery The release of medical records with out the patient's knowledge or permission - Answer Invasion of privacy Good Samaritan Law - Answer Rendering first aid within the scope of knowledge by a health care worker with out fear of being sued for negligence Hypothalamus - Answer regulates and maintains body temperature Functions necessary for life - Answer heart function, blood pressure, respiration, temperature Rectal Temperature range in celsius - Answer 37.0 -38.1 C Oral temperature range in Fahrenheit - Answer 97.6-99.6 F Axillary temperature range in celsius - Answer 35.9-37.0C Tympanic temperature range in F and C - Answer 98.6 F and 37C Intermittent fever - Answer Fluctuating fever that returns to or below the baseline then rises again Remittent Fever - Answer Fluctuating, remains elevated and does not return to baseline Continuous Fever - Answer remains constant above baseline, does not flucuate Rectal temperature is not taken from the following patients - Answer Patients with heart disease WHen taking axillary temerature how long should it be taken - Answer 5-10 mins or as required by office policy Pulse is taken where and how long - Answer radial for 30sec x2, if tachy or brady take it 1 minute Explain blood pressure - Answer measurement of amount of force blood excertes on peripheral artery walls BP cuffs too short and narrow can give false reading of what? - Answer Hypertension Taking BP hearing two consecutive beats gives which reading - Answer Systolic Patient laying on back with knees flexed, soles of feet on bed - Answer Dorsal recumbant This position is used to promote drainage or ease of breathing - Answer Fowler's This position is used for examination of the pelvic organs - Answer Dorsal Lithotomy Prone position is used for - Answer used to examine back and spine patient lays on his/her stomach with head turned to one side for comfort - Answer prone position Patient in on left side with the right knee flexed against abdomen - Answer Sim's position Patients with leg injuries or arthritis can not assume this position - Answer Sim's position This position is usually used for taking rectal temperature - Answer Sim's position This position is usually used for rectal or vaginal examination - Answer Knee Chest This position is used for surgical procedures of pelvic abdomen and also for shock treatment - Answer Trendelenburg Never leave the patient alone in the room when he/she is in this position - Answer Knee Chest This position is used for surgical procedures of pelvic and abdomen and also for shock treatment - Answer Trendelenburg If skin or eyes come in contact with chemicals wash area with water for ? - Answer 5 minutes MSDS - Answer Material Safety Data Sheet What are the symptoms of shock - Answer plale cold clammy skin, blank stare, rapid weak pulse, fast shallow breathing The av valves - Answer Tricuspid and Mitral (bicuspid ) valves The Semilunar valves - Answer Aortic and pulmonic Valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle - Answer Mitral or bicuspid Valve lovated between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk - Answer pulmonic valve heart sounds produced by closure of the valves - Answer murmors caused by diseases of the valves or other structural abnormalities - Answer Murmors First heart sound due to the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves - Answer S1 in the upper chambers or the atria S2 in the ventricles - Answer second heart sound due to the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves arteries supplying the heart - Answer right and left coronary from the aorta Arteries supplying the heart - Answer right and left coronary from the aorta The ans or autonomic nervous system is subdvided into - Answer sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system The SP or sympathetic nervous system affects - Answer both, the atria and the ventricles by increasing heart rate conduction and irritability The pns or parasympathetic nervous system affects - Answer atria only by decreasing heart rate, conduction and irritability Automaticity - Answer ability of the cardiac cells to initiate own electrical impulses without outside stimulation Excitability or irritability - Answer ability of cardiac cells to respond to external stimulus Contractility - Answer ability of cardiac cells to shorten (muscle contraction) in response to electrical stimulus Digitalis, dopamine, epinephrine - Answer Drugs that increase the contractility of the heart Results in myocardial relaxation - Answer repolarization Consists of anterior, middle and posterior divisions that distribute electrical impulses by SA to AV node - Answer Internodal pathway This fires at 20-40 bpm - Answer Purkinje fibers limb leads consist of - Answer 3 bipolar and 3 augmented leads These record electrical potentials in the frontal plane - Answer Lead I, Lead II, Lead III and the chest leads On Lead III, which is the positive lead - Answer the left leg is positive Which limb is always the ground - Answer right leg Waveform - Answer movement away from the isoelectric line either positive or negative Interval - Answer waveform plus a segment Complex - Answer Several waveforms The normal P wave in standard and precordial leads does not exceed - Answer 0.11s in duration or 2.5 mm in height The vertical axis on the ekg paper measures - Answer Amplitude or voltage J (RST) junction - Answer point at which QRS complex ends and the ST segment begins ST segment - Answer from J point to the onset of the T wave Normal indication for a stress test - Answer Evaluation of a patient withchest pain and a normal ekg, arrythmia, monitoring a pt, with a recent MI The percentage of the target heart rate during a stress test that makes it valid - Answer 85% Hematocrite is made up of - Answer hemoglobin x 3 Define hematocrit - Answer The percentage by colume of packed red blood cells in a given sample of blood after centrifugation Opposite of anemia - Answer polycythemia When taking a pharmacologic stress test, it is concluded when - Answer 85% of the target rate is achieved Drugs used for a pharmacologic stress test - Answer adeosine, dipyridamole, dobutamine Ectopic Rythms - Answer electrical impulses originating from somewhere else but the SA node Pre-excitation Syndrome - Answer Electrical impulses of the heart bypass the normal pathway and instead go down an accessory shortcut Conduction Block - Answer electrical impulses go down but encounter blocks and delays Indication for temination of a stress test - Answer SOB (shortness of breath), chest pain, dizziness, blood pressure abnormalities Ischemia - Answer decrease in amount of blood flow What is the hallmark of a infarction - Answer The presence of abnormal Q waves List some cardiac markers - Answer Triponin, CK, LDH, SGOT, AST What is a negative holter? - Answer A negative holter will have no significant arrhythmias or ST changes How long is a holter monitor worn? - Answer 24 hours or longer Why is a holter monitor done? - Answer To rule out arrhythmia's or ischemia How many electrodes are on a holter monitor - Answer 5 A positive holter is one that recorded at least one or more of these abnormalities - Answer Tachy or bradycardia, ST segment elevation or depression, pauses When is the event monitor used? - Answer Only when symptoms occur List drugs givenfor acute MI - Answer Oxigen, Epinephrine, Isoproterenol, Dopamine (Intropin) Beta blocker (olol), Lidocaine, Verapamil, Digitalis, Morphine, Nitroglycerin What is a powerful smooth muscle relaxant with the side effect of headache - Answer Nitroglycerin patch or SL Digitalis does - Answer increases the force of cardiac contractions as well as cardiac output, tocicity in 20% of patients Butterfly - Answer Winged infusion set