Comprehensive Guide to Pain Management and Chronic Conditions, Exams of Health sciences

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what type of pain is burning sharp and shooting - correct response neuropathci

what do the Chinese use for nonpharm methods? - correct response herbs, vitamins, tai chi Patient given morphine PCA is sleeping and unresponsive. First thing to do? - correct response stop the PCA; don't give narcan just yet what is palliative care? What does it not do? - correct response manages symptoms, provide psychosocial support, coordinate care to relieve suffering and improve quality of life for pts with serious illnesses; does not promote a cure for chronic disease How much value is pain assessment in children - correct response Limited value as a sole indicator of pain How do nonpharmacological method pain strategies help with pain management - correct response they may reduce pain perception How do you know if someone has an alteration intracranial regulation - correct response there's a change in LOC What is a priority intervention for someone with osteoporosis? - correct response do a home safety evaluation What it a patient with a fracture at risk for? What are the interventions? - correct response Fat embolism; bedrest, supplemental oxygen, immobilization of fracture s/s acute compartment syndrome - correct response Edema, pain (severe), pallor, unequal pulses, cyanosis, tingling or numbness, paralysis

What is one thing that is continuous from infancy to death? - correct response Growth and development What do you educate to a patient if the hand is swollen and fingers are puffy with the cast on the arm? - correct response Come in asap unrelieved pain can cause what? - correct response increased stress, depression, can have a systemic effect what medication do you give for multiple sclerosis? - correct response Methylprednisolone (medrol) early sign for multiple sclerosis - correct response nystagmus What are the main goals for someone with Parkinson's disease? - correct response being able to swallow, be independent as much as possible What is the main complication of tetralogy of Fallot? - correct response decreased pulmonary blood flow What is indomethacin used for? - correct response close PDA what is prostaglandin E-1 given for? - correct response To keep PDA open until surgical intervention if CHD is suspected, what is the priority assessment? - correct response Take BP on all extremities What heart sound is auscultated on someone with a PDA - correct response machine-like murmur how do you determine trisomy 21 in a baby before birth? - correct response amniocentesis What is normal the first 24-48 hours after surgery? - correct response temperature is increased

Should children with CHD play with others? - correct response of course what are some risk factors for DVT - correct response Immobility, oral contraceptives, pregnancy , surgery , increased coagulability state, smoking What do you do prior to putting on a new pain patch? - correct response throw out the old pain patch and rotate sites what is osteoarthritis? - correct response -Non-inflammatory -Cartilage destruction -Progressive -Usually occurs due to old age classic finding in aortic coarctation - correct response disparity in pulses and BP between upper and lower extremities what is a concern for a TBI patient? - correct response bradycardia and hypertension high fiber foods - correct response fresh fruits and veggies, peanut butter, bran flakes dietary components affecting osteoporosis - correct response caffeine, lack of vitamin D, carbonated beverages, tobacco Fat contributes to osteoporosis - correct response false secondary drugs that can cause osteoporosis - correct response loop diuretics, corticosteroids, barbiturates nonpharmacological methods for fibromyalgia - correct response tai chi, acupuncture, stretching, low- impact aerobics

What are some plans for a patient with fibromyalgia - correct response uninterrupted rest time, no strong sleeping pills nursing interventions to lower ICP - correct response stool softener, high fiber diet who is in the palliative care team - correct response clergy, nurse, medicine, social worker, patient's family mind-body therapies - correct response meditation, relaxation, pets, music, prayer What is Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)? - correct response Ventricular Septal Defect, Pulmonary stenosis, Overriding aorta, Right ventricular hypertrophy how do you give actonel? - correct response what age does thermoregulation decrease and why? - correct response 70 years old; loss of subcutaneous fat deposition what is the anterior hypothalamus responsible for in thermoregulation? - correct response vasodilation and sweating what is the posterior hypothalamus responsible for in thermoregulation? - correct response shivering what is osteoporosis - correct response loss of bone density; new bone doesn't keep up with removal of old bone Cushing's triad - correct response three classic signs—bradycardia, hypertension, and bradypnea—seen with pressure on the medulla as a result of brain stem herniation Interventions to decrease ICP - correct response HOB =or> 30 degrees to prevent jugular compression

airway management bowel management nutrition management hyperventilation (not recommended in TBI patients) what is the first priority for a person suspected of stroke - correct response get them to a stroke center s/s of child with CHD - correct response poor feeding, failure to thrive, frequent upper respiratory infections, murmurs, unusual pulses what is a reason to cancel a cardiac cath. in a child? - correct response if there is a rash on the groin/surgical site what could be an indication of arterial obstruction? - correct response cooling/blanching what is D transposition of the great arteries - correct response 2 main arteries carrying blood away from the heart (pulmonary artery and aorta) are reversed What is L-transposition of the great arteries? - correct response lower section of the heart is fully reversed what is the purpose of immunosuppressants during organ transplantations - correct response it prevents rejection of organ transplant Which vaccines are live? - correct response MMR and varicella which vaccines are not live? - correct response HPV, Tdap, meningococcal, pneumococcal What is leukemia? - correct response A cancer of white blood cells/leukocytes; unrestricted proliferation of WBC

Type 1 hypersensitivity mediated by which immunoglobulins? - correct response IgE mediated Examples of Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions - correct response Anaphylactic shock, allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma What are the s/s of anaphylaxis? - correct response respiratory distress, dyspnea, bronchospasm, cyanosis, hypotension What are people with latex allergies also highly allergic to? - correct response banana, avocado, chestnuts, kiwi What is type 2 hypersensitivity? - correct response CYTOTOXIC; body makes special antibodies directed against self cells that have some form of foreign protein attached to them Examples of Type 2 hypersensitivity reactions - correct response hemolytic anemia, ITP, transfusion reactions, drug-induced hemolytic anemia Type 3 hypersensitivity - correct response excess antigens causing immune complex to form in the blood. Examples of Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions - correct response SLE, RA Type IV hypersensitivity reaction - correct response T-cell mediated disorders examples of type IV hypersensitivity - correct response tissue transplant rejection, poison IV, contact dermatitis Type V hypersensitivity reaction - correct response excess stimulation of normal cell surface receptor by auto antibody Example of type V hypersensitivity - correct response •Graves disease (hyperthyroidism)

What are the warning signs of cancer? - correct response C A U T I O N Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that does not heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness How does CAGE questionnaire work? - correct response if 2 or more answers are yes, person is likely an alcholic what is a hallmark characteristic of SLE? - correct response butterfly rash describe pathology of sickle cell disease - correct response less normal RBC and increased RBC destruction which sex is lupus more prevalent in - correct response women clinical manifestations of lupus - correct response lymphadenopathy, N/V, diarrhea, general weakness, arthritis, joint pain, renal impairment, Raynaud's what does the CBC show in a person with SLE - correct response pancytopenia gold standard procedure for leukemia diagnosis - correct response bone marrow aspiration SLE self-management (3 things) - correct response instruct them to identify and avoid stressors that can worsen the disease stress importance of protection from sun exposure

reinforce that health needs come first to enable them to maintain their involvement in desired activities for as long as possible Most important lifestyle change for patient with SLE - correct response protect themselves from prolonged exposure to sunlight and other forms of UV light; make sure to wear sunscreen what diagnostic procedure confirms lupus diagnosis? - correct response skin biopsy oral care for leukemia - correct response use a toothette local anesthetic soft foods ways to prevent complications related to decreased platelet count in leukemic patients - correct response oral hygiene avoiding rectal trauma positioning foods for thrombocytopenia alopecia skin care - correct response protect scalp keep the scalp clean sun exposure protection COTTON caps/scarves How do you minimize N/V related to treatment for leukemia? - correct response Give antiemetic 1 hr prior to treatment How do parents handle a child with leukemia that can't eat due to sores in their mouth? - correct response tell them to not force the child to eat offers some bland foods use local anesthetics

care for acute exacerbation of lupus - correct response 24-hour care possibly needed for ADLs and for monitoring What gene mutation causes increased risk for breast cancer? - correct response BRCA 1 and 2 where do you take blood pressure on breast cancer patients? - correct response on unaffected side what is the main diagnostic procedure for skin cancer - correct response punch biopsy