COMPREHENSIVE CASE WEEK 4 CLASS 6531 60 YEAR OLD REASON FOR ENCOUNTER: SHORTNESS OF BREATH, Exams of Health sciences

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I HUMAN CASE WEEK #3 60 YEAR OLD FEMALE

REASON FOR ENCOUNTER: SHORTNESS OF BREATH

CASE STUDY WITH SCREENSHOTS

REASON FOR ENCOUNTER

Shortness of Breath (Dyspnea) Nursing Diagnosis & Care Plan Dyspnea often called shortness of breath (SOB), is used to describe difficult or labored breathing often with an increased respiratory rate. Shortness of breath is not a disease but a symptom. Dyspnea can be acute or chronic depending on the causative factor. Related factors include: Body positions that prevent lung expansion Presence of bronchial secretions Generalized weakness Respiratory muscle fatigue Hyperventilation Obesity Age History of smoking Conditions that may obstruct the airway or impair the gas exchange Excess fluid buildup in the heart or lungs Shortness of breath (SOB) is the feeling of running out of breath and not being able to breathe in and out deeply or quickly enough. This is due to multiple interactions of signals and receptors in the upper airway, lungs, and chest wall. The following conditions may cause dyspnea: Respiratory: asthma, acute or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, lung cancer, pneumothorax (collapsed lung), or aspiration. Cardiovascular: congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, acute coronary syndrome, heart diseases, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia. lOMo AR cPSD| Neuromuscular: chest trauma, obesity, spinal deformity, central nervous system (CNS) or spinal cord dysfunction, phrenic (diaphragm) nerve paralysis, myopathy, and neuropathy.

Psychogenic: hyperventilation syndrome, psychogenic dyspnea, vocal cord dysfunction syndrome, and foreign body aspiration. Other systemic illnesses: anemia, acute renal failure, metabolic acidosis, thyrotoxicosis (severe thyroid hormone level elevation), cirrhosis of the liver, anaphylaxis, sepsis (a life-threatening condition in response to severe infection), allergic reaction, epiglottitis (inflammation of the epiglottis), and anxiety