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COMPTIA A+ 1001 EXAM
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
2024/2025 CORRECT STUDY
SET
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD)
A FLAT-PANEL MONITOR THAT CREATES AN IMAGE WHEN LIQUID CRYSTALS BECOME
ELECTRONICALLY CHARGED.
ADVANTAGES
LIGHTWEIGHT, RELATIVELY LOW POWER, INEXPENSIVE
DISADVANTAGES
BLACK LEVELS ARE A CHALLENGE,REQUIRES SEPARATE BACKLIGHT,FLUORESCENT,LED,ETC
OLED ON LAPTOPS
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (OLED)
A TYPE OF FLAT-PANEL DISPLAY THAT USES EMISSIVE ORGANIC MATERIAL TO DISPLAY BRIGHTER AND
SHARPER IMAGES.
THINNER AND LIGHTER
FLEXIBLE AND MOBILE,-NO GLASS NEEDED
NO BLACKLIGHT
THE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS PROVIDES THE LIGHTS
NOT QUITE READY FOR LAPTOPS
ORGANIC MATERIALS DEGRADE OVERTIME,DECAYED IMAGES CAN REMAIN ON THE SCREEN, MORE
COSTLY THAN LCD
WIFI ANTENNA
THIS ANTENNA IS CONNECTED TO A PERIPHERAL WHICH IS EITHER ATTACHED TO THE
MOTHERBOARD OR A MINI PCIE CARD. IT THEN RUNS UP INTO THE BEZEL OF THE DISPLAY, WHICH
WOULD NEED TO BE OPENED IN ANY CASE OF REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT.
MULTIPLE ANTENNAS
WIFI MAIN AND AUX,, BLUETOOTH
VIDEO CAPTURE
THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING ANALOG VIDEO SIGNALS INTO DIGITAL DATA STORED ON A HARD
DRIVE.
USUALLY INCLUDES BOTH AUDIO AND VIDEO
SPECIALIZED DRIVERS AND SOFTWARE
MICROPHONE
A DEVICE USED TO MAKE SMALL VOICES SOUND LARGER, ESPECIALLY IN A BIG ROOM
BUILT IN TO LAPTOP
USEFUL FOR VIDEO CALLS
FLUORESCENT LIGHT
LIGHT BULB THAT GLOWS WHEN AN ELECTRIC CURRENT CAUSES ULTRAVIOLET RAYS TO STRIKE A
COATING INSIDE A TUBE
BLACKLIGHTING
OR TRANSMITTED LIGHTING IS PERFORMED BY PLACING A LIGHT BEHIND THE DOCUMENT TO MAKE
THE DOCUMENT MORE TRANSPARENT.
CCFL (COLD CATHODE FLUORESCENT LAMP)
LIGHT TECHNOLOGY USED IN LCDS AND FLATBED SCANNERS. THESE THINGS USE RELATIVELY LITTLE
POWER FOR THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT THEY PROVIDE.
INVERTERS
CONVERT DC TO AC
DIGITIZER
THE TOUCHSCREEN OVERLAY TECHNOLOGY THAT CONVERTS FINGER AND STYLUS CONTACT
INTO INPUT DATA FOR THE DEVICE TO USE.
TOUCHSCREEN
MONITOR WITH A TYPE OF SENSING DEVICE ACROSS ITS FACE THAT DETECTS THE LOCATION AND
DURATION OF CONTACT, USUALLY BY A FINGER OR STYLUS.
FN KEY (FUNCTION KEY)
A KEY USED ON LAPTOP COMPUTERS TO PROVIDE ADDITIONAL USES FOR TRADITIONAL FUNCTION
KEYS.
SECONDARY FUNCTIONS
TOGGLE BETWEEN LCD/EXTERNAL MONITOR/BOTH
DUAL DISPLAYS
THIS IS A FUNCTION KEY TO QUICKLY ADJUST THE SETUP WHEN USING MULTIPLE DISPLAYS. THE
BUTTON BRINGS UP AN ON SCREEN OPTION TO SELECT TO MIRROR OR EXTEND THE CONTENTS OF
THE SCREEN. YOU CAN ALSO CHOOSE TO USE ONLY OF THE TWO SCREENS.
LCD SWITCH
PHYSICAL SWITCH ON OLDER SYSTEMS
WIRELESS CONTROL
PHYSICAL SWITCH TO ENABLE/DISABLE WIRELESS
VOLUME SETTINGS
THIS IS A FUNCTION KEY TO QUICKLY ADJUST THE LEVEL OF THE SOUND. THERE IS ALSO A BUTTON
TO MUTE THE SOUND ALTOGETHER.
SCREEN BRIGHTNESS
THIS IS A FUNCTION KEY THAT ALLOWS YOU TO ADJUST THE VISIBILITY OF THE DISPLAY. THIS IS VERY
USEFUL, ESPECIALLY IN THE CASE OF POWER CONSERVATION AS THE SCREEN USUALLY USES THE
MOST POWER OF ANY COMPUTER COMPONENT.
KEYBOARD BLACKLIGHT
THE KEYS ARE LIGHT UP
TOUCHPAD
A SMALL, FLAT, RECTANGULAR POINTING DEVICE THAT IS SENSITIVE TO PRESSURE AND MOTION
SCREEN ORIENTATION
THE LAYOUT OR ORIENTATION OF THE SCREEN THAT IS EITHER PORTRAIT OR LANDSCAPE.
MEDIA OPTIONS
• CONTROL AUDIO / VIDEO FROM YOUR KEYBOARD
• PLAY, STOP, REWIND, FAST FORWARD
GPS
A SYSTEM THAT DETERMINES THE PRECISE POSITION OF SOMETHING ON EARTH THROUGH A SERIES
OF SATELLITES, TRACKING STATIONS, AND RECEIVERS.
DOCKING STATION
AN EXTERNAL DEVICE THAT ATTACHES TO A MOBILE COMPUTER OR DEVICE AND CONTAINS A
POWER CONNECTION AND PROVIDES CONNECTIONS TO PERIPHERAL DEVICES.
CATEGORY 3 CABLE (CAT 3)
- MAX SUPPORTED ETHERNET STANDARD - 10BASE-T
- MAX SUPPORTED DISTANCE - 100 METERS
CATEGORY 5 CABLE (CAT 5)
MAX SUPPORTED ETHERNET STANDARD - 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T
- MAX SUPPORTED DISTANCE - 100 METERS
CATEGORY 5E (ENHANCED)
MAX SUPPORTED ETHERNET STANDARD - 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T
- MAX SUPPORTED DISTANCE - 100 METERS
CATEGORY 6 CABLE (CAT 6)
MAX SUPPORTED ETHERNET STANDARD - 10GBASE-T
- MAX SUPPORTED DISTANCE - 37 TO 55 METERS
CATEGORY 6A (AUGMENTED)
- MAX SUPPORTED ETHERNET STANDARD - 10GBASE-T
- MAX SUPPORTED DISTANCE - 100 METERS
UTP (UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR)
- NO ADDITIONAL SHIELDING
- THE MOST COMMON TWISTED PAIR CABLING
SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (STP)
ADDITIONAL SHIELDING PROTECTS AGAINST INTERFERENCE
- SHIELD EACH PAIR AND/OR THE OVERALL CABLE
- ALSO CONTAINS A GROUNDING WIRE / REQUIRES THE CABLE TO BE GROUNDED
TIA/EIA 568A
- GREEN-WHITE, GREEN
- ORANGE-WHITE, BLUE
- BLUE-WHITE, ORANGE
- BROWN-WHITE, BROWN
TIA/EIA 568B
- ORANGE-WHITE, ORANGE
- GREEN-WHITE, BLUE
- BLUE-WHITE, GREEN
- BROWN-WHITE, BROWN
PLENUM-RATED CABLE
- TRADITIONAL CABLE JACKET
--POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)
- FIRE-RATED CABLE JACKET
--FLOURINATED ETHYLENE POLYMER (FEP) OR
LOW-SMOKE POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)
- PLENUM-RATED CABLE MAY NOT BE AS FLEXIBLE (MAY NOT HAVE SAME BEND RADIUS)
COAXIAL CABLE (COAX)
- TWO OR MORE FORMS SHARE A COMMON AXIS
- RG6 USED IN TV/DIGITAL CABLE (AND HIGH-SPEED INTERNET OVER CABLE)
- RG59 USED AS PATCH CABLES (NOT DESIGNED FOR LONG DISTANCES)
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION
- TRANSMISSION BY LIGHT
- NO RF SIGNAL (DIFFICULT TO MONITOR OR TAP)
- SIGNAL SLOW TO DEGRADE (CAN TRANSMIT OVER LONG DISTANCES)
- IMMUNE TO RADIO INTERFERENCE
MULTI-MODE FIBER
- SHORT-RANGE COMMUNICATION
- UP TO 2 KM FOR 100 MBIT/S
- 550 METERS FOR 10 GBIT/S
- INEXPENSIVE LIGHT SOURCE (I.E. LED)
SINGLE-MODE FIBER
LONG-RANGE COMMUNICATION
- OVER 80 KM WITHOUT ADDITIONAL PROCESSING
- EXPENSIVE LIGHT SOURCE (LASER BEAMS)
VGA (VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY)
- DB-15 CONNECTOR (ACCURATELY CALLED DE-15)
- BLUE COLOR
- ANALOG SIGNAL (NO DIGITAL OPTION)
- IMAGE DEGRADES AFTER 5 TO 10 METERS
HDMI (HIGH-DEFINITION MULTIMEDIA INTERFACE)
- ALL DIGITAL CONNECTION (NO ANALOG)
- SENDS BOTH AUDIO AND VIDEO
- 20 METER DISTANCE BEFORE LOSING TOO MUCH SIGNAL
- 19 - PIN (TYPE A) CONNECTOR
MINIHDMI
ALL DIGITAL CONNECTION (NO ANALOG)
- SENDS BOTH AUDIO AND VIDEO
- 20 METER DISTANCE BEFORE LOSING TOO MUCH SIGNAL
- 19 - PIN (TYPE A) CONNECTOR
- TYPE C CONNECTOR
- DESIGNED FOR SMALLER DEVICES
DISPLAYPORT
- VESA STANDARD
- ROYALTY-FREE STANDARD
- DATA IS SENT IN PACKETIZED FORM (LIKE ETHERNET AND PCI EXPRESS)
- COMPATIBLE WITH HDMI AND DVI
MINI DISPLAYPORT
- VESA STANDARD
- ROYALTY-FREE STANDARD
- DATA IS SENT IN PACKETIZED FORM (LIKE ETHERNET AND PCI EXPRESS)
- COMPATIBLE WITH HDMI AND DVI
- SMALLER COMPARED TO DISPLAYPORT
DVI (DIGITAL VISUAL INTERFACE)
- AN INTERFACE USED WITH DISPLAYS.
- IT INCLUDES DVI-A FOR ANALOG DISPLAYS, DVI-D FOR DIGITAL, AND DVI-I INTEGRATED FOR BOTH
ANALOG AND DIGITAL.
- SINGLE LINK; 3.7 GBPS (HDTV AT 60 FPS)
- DUAL LINK ; 7.4 GBPS (HDTV AT 85 FPS)
DVI-A (ANALOG)
- SENDS ANALOG SIGNALS
DVI-D SINGLE LINK
- SENDS DIGITAL SIGNALS
- SINGLE LINK; 3.7 GBPS (HDTV AT 60 FPS)
DVI-D DUAL LINK
- SENDS DIGITAL SIGNALS
- DUAL LINK ; 7.4 GBPS (HDTV AT 85 FPS)
DVI-I SINGLE LINK
- INTEGRATED CONNECTOR
- SENDS BOTH ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNALS ON THE SAME CONNECTOR
- SINGLE LINK; 3.7 GBPS (HDTV AT 60 FPS)
DVI-I DUAL LINK
INTEGRATED CONNECTOR
- SENDS BOTH ANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNALS ON THE SAME CONNECTOR
- DUAL LINK ; 7.4 GBPS (HDTV AT 85 FPS)
LIGHTNING CABLE
- APPLE PROPRIETARY
- 8 - PIN DIGITAL SIGNALS (IPHONE, IPAD, IPOD DEVICES)
- SOME ADVANTAGES OVER MICRO-USB
--HIGHER POWER OUTPUT FOR PHONES AND TABLETS
--CAN BE INSERTED EITHER WAY
--SIMPLER DESIGN, A BIT MORE DURABLE THAN TRADITIONAL USB CABLE
THUNDERBOLT CONNECTION
- HIGH SPEED SERIAL CONNECTION
- DATA AND POWER ON THE SAME CABLE
- BASED ON MINI DISPLAYPORT
- MAX 3 METERS (COPPER)
- 60 METER OPTICAL
- DAISY CHAIN UP TO 6 DEVICES
THUNDERBOLT V
- TWO CHANNELS
- 10 GBIT/S PER CHANNEL
- 20 GBIT/S TOTAL THROUGHPUT
- MINI DISPLAYPORT CONNECTOR
THUNDERBOLT V
- 20 GBIT/S AGGREGATED CHANNELS
- MINI DISPLAYPORT CONNECTOR
- 20 GBIT/S AGGREGATED CHANNELS
- MINI DISPLAYPORT CONNECTOR
- 40 GBIT/S AGGREGATED CHANNELS
- USB-C CONNECTOR
USB 1.1 LOW SPEED
- 1.5 MEGABITS PER SECOND
- 3 METERS
USB 1.1 FULL SPEED
- 12 MEGABITS PER SECOND
- 5 METERS
USB 2.
- 480 MEGABITS PER SECOND
- 5 METERS
USB 3.
- SUPERSPEED
- 5 GIGABITS PER SECOND
- 3 METERS
USB 1.0/2.0 STANDARD-A PLUG
USB 1.0/2.0 STANDARD-B PLUG
USB 1.0/2.0 MINI-B PLUG
USB 1.0/2.0 MICRO-B PLUG
USB 3.0 STANDARD-B PLUG
USB 3.0 STANDARD-A PLUG
USB 3.0 MICRO-B PLUG
USB 3.
- SUPERSPEED+
- HIGHER SPEED COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TYPE-A AND USB-C CONNECTORS
- 10 GBIT/SEC SPEED (TWICE THE RATE OF USB 3.0)
USB 3.
- NEW SUPERSPEED+ MODES OVER USB-C
- 10 GBIT/SEC AND 20 GBIT/SEC
USB-C
- THE NEWEST, AND MOST VERSATILE, TYPE OF USB CONNECTOR.
- 24 - PIN DOUBLE SIDED USB CONNECTOR (USED FOR BOTH HOSTS AND DEVICES)
DB-9 SERIAL CABLE CONNECTOR
- D-SUBMINIATURE OR D-SUB
- DIFFERENT SIZES, A THROUGH E
- SENDS SERIAL DATA OVER AN RS-232 CONNECTION
- BUILT FOR MODEM OR MANAGEMENT PORT COMMUNICATION (COMMONLY USED AS A CONSOLE
PORT OR MANAGEMENT PORT ON THESE DEVICES)
SATA
- SERIAL ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ATTACHMENT; INTERFACE THAT USES SERIAL SIGNALS TO
TRANSFER DATA, INSTRUCTIONS, AND INFORMATION.
- POWER CONNECTOR (15 PINS)(A)
- DATA CONNECTOR (7 PINS)(B)
SATA REVISION 1.
- 1.5 GBIT/S
- MAX CABLE SIZE : 1 METER
SATA REVISION 2.
- 3.0 GBIT/S
- MAX CABLE SIZE : 1 METER
SATA REVISION 3.
- 6.0 GBIT/S
- MAX CABLE SIZE : 1 METER
SATA REVISION 3.
- 16 GBIT/S
- MAX CABLE SIZE : 1 METER
THE PATA STANDARD
- PARALLEL AT ATTACHMENT, PARALLEL ATA, ATA
- ORIGINALLY CALLED INTEGRATED DRIVER ELECTRONICS (IDE)
- 2ND GEN. CALLED EIDE (ENHANCED IDE)
- PROMISED FASTER SPEEDS (FROM 16 MB/S THROUGH
133 MB/S)
- ADDITIONAL DEVICES WERE ABLE TO CONNECT (CD-ROM DRIVES)
- NOW CALLED PATA
PATA CABLING (40 WIRE)
DEVICE 0 (MASTER) IS CLOSER TO THE PATA INTERFACE
- DEVICE 1 (SLAVE) IS FURTHER AWAY FROM THE PATA INTERFACE
- ONLY SUPPORTS 2 DRIVES
- ADDITIONAL DRIVES REQUIRES ANOTHER PATA INTERFACE
PATA CABLING (80 WIRE)
- DEVICE 0 (MASTER) IS FURTHER AWAY FROM THE PATA INTERFACE
- DEVICE 1 (SLAVE) IS CLOSER TO THE PATA INTERFACE
- ONLY SUPPORTS 2 DRIVES
- ADDITIONAL DRIVES REQUIRES ANOTHER PATA INTERFACE
- MOST RECENT, ADDED IN NEWER VERSIONS OF PATA FOR HIGHER THROUGHPUT
- ADDITIONAL WIRES ARE USED FOR GROUNDING TO REDUCE CROSSTALK
MOTHERBOARD PATA INTERFACE
- ACTUALLY HAS 39 PINS (1 PIN REMOVED TO PLUG CABLE ONE PARTICULAR WAY)
THE SCSI STANDARD
- SMALL COMPUTER SYSTEMS INTERFACE
- DESIGNED TO CONNECT MANY DIFFERENT KINDS OF DEVICES INTO THE STANDARD FORMAT (HARD
DRIVES, OPTICAL DRIVERS, SCANNERS, ETC.) ON THE SAME SCSI BUS
- UP TO 16 DEVICES IN A SCSI CHAIN
- MANY DIFFERENT FORMATS (FAST SCSI, ULTRA SCSI, ULTRA WIDE SCSI, ULTRA2 SCSI, ULTRA3 SCSI,
ULTRA-320 SCSI, ULTRA-640 SCSI, ISCSI (SCSI OVER IP))
- PARALLEL AND SERIAL VERSIONS OF SCSI AVAILABLE
SCSI ADVANTAGES
- PRE-DATES USB
- COULD CONNECT MANY DEVICES ON A SINGLE BUS
- 8 DEVICES ON A NARROW BUS
- 16 DEVICES ON A WIDE BUS
- NO MUCH CONFIGURATION NEEDED (JUST ASSIGN ID # TO A DEVICE), SCSI WILL THEN HANDLE THE
REST
- SCSI IS STILL USED IN DATA CENTERS SUCH AS VM'S OR DRIVE ARRAYS
SCSI INTERFACES
SCSI INTERFACES (DB, LD, HD)
SERIAL ATTACHED SCSI (SAS)
- MOVE FROM PARALLEL TO SERIAL
- INCREASED THROUGHPUT
- POINT-TO-POINT CONNECTION (NO MORE DAISY CHAINS)
- NO TERMINATION REQUIRED (BUS HAS 2 DEVICES ON IT)
- SAME CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT AS SCSI PROTOCOL, BUT ON A HIGH SPEED SERIAL
CONNECTION
DVI TO HDMI CABLE/ADAPTER
- DVI-D AND HDMI ARE ELECTRICALLY COMPATIBLE
- HDMI IS BACKWARD-COMPATIBLE WITH DVI-D
- NO SIGNAL CONVERSION REQUIRED
- NO LOSS OF VIDEO QUALITY
DVI-A TO VGA CONNECTOR
- DVI-A INCLUDES ANALOG SIGNALS
- BACKWARD COMPATIBLE WITH VGA
- ONLY 640 X 480 IS OFFICIALLY SUPPORTED
- ADAPTER ONLY NEEDED WHEN ANALOG TO ANALOG
- VGA TO DVI DIGITAL REQUIRES A CONVERTER
USB TO ETHERNET
- SOME LAPTOPS DON'T HAVE AN ETHERNET CONNECTION
- CONVERT USB TO ETHERNET
RJ11 CONNECTOR
- 6 POSITION, 2 CONDUCTOR CONNECTORS (6P2C)
- 6 WIRES AVAILABLE, ONLY 2 ARE USED
- USED FOR MODEMS OR TELEPHONES
- INTERCHANGEABLE WITH RJ
RJ14 CONNECTOR
- 6 POSITION, 4 CONDUCTOR CONNECTORS (6P4C)
- 6 WIRES AVAILABLE, ONLY 4 ARE USED
- USED FOR DUAL-LINE USE FOR 2 TELEPHONES
- INTERCHANGEABLE WITH RJ
RJ45 CONNECTOR
- 8 POSITION, 8 CONDUCTOR CONNECTOR (8P8C)
- 8 WIRES AVAILABLE, ALL 8 ARE USED
- ASSOCIATED WITH WIRED-ETHERNET CONNECTION
- SIMILAR IN SHAPE TO AN RJ48C
RJ48C CONNECTOR
- 8 POSITION, 4 CONDUCTOR CONNECTOR (8P4C)
- 8 WIRES AVAILABE, ONLY 4 ARE USED
- SIMILAR TO RJ
- USED WITH T1 OR WAN DATA LINES
RS-232 (RECOMMENDED STANDARD 232)
- SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS STANDARD
- THE USB OF ITS TIME
- USED TO CONNECT MODEMS, PRINTERS, MICE, NETWORKING, OR DEVICES.
- COMMONLY USED AS A CONFIGURATION PORT ON A SWITCH, FIREWALL, ROUTER (SERIAL CONSOLE
INTERFACE)
- 25 PIN VERSION IS REFERRED TO AS DB- 25
- 9 PIN VERSION IS A MODERN VERSION. IT IS REFERRED TO AS DB-9 OR DE-9 (SAME CONNECTION)
BNC CONNECTOR (BAYONET NEILL-CONCELMAN)
- COMMON TYPE OF COAXIAL CONNECTOR TYPICALLY DS3 WAN LINKS
- PLUGS IN AND TWISTS TO LOCK (NOT EASY TO DISCONNECT)
- RIGID AND BULKY (DIFFICULT TO WORK WITH)
F-CONNECTOR
- COMMONLY USED FOR CABLE TV OR CABLE MODEMS
- THREADED CONNECTION
- RG-6 OR RG-59 CABLE
ESATA (EXTERNAL SATA)
MOLEX CONNECTOR
- 4 - PIN PERIPHERAL POWER CONNECTOR
- CREATED BY MOLEX CONNECTER COMPANY
- AMP MATE-N-LOK
- PROVIDES +12V AND +5V
- POWER FOR MANY DEVICES IN THE COMPUTER CASE (STORAGE, OPTICAL DRIVES, FANS, OTHER
PERIPHERALS)
POWER SUPPLY
A COMPONENT THAT PROVIDES POWER TO A COMPUTER
DIMM (DUAL INLINE MEMORY MODULE)
- ELECTRICAL CONTACTS ARE DIFFERENT ON EACH SIDE
- 64 BIT DATA WIDTH
- FOUND IN DESKTOP COMPUTERS
- AVAILABLE IN DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 SDRAM
SO-DIMM (SMALL OUTLINE DIMM)
- ABOUT HALF THE WIDTH OF DIMM
- AVAILABLE IN DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 SDRAM
- USED IN LAPTOP AND MOBILE DEVICES
DRAM (DYNAMIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY)
- NEEDS CONSTANT REFRESHING (DATA DISAPPEARS IF ITS NOT REFRESHED)
- RANDOM ACCESS (CAN ACCESS ANY STORAGE LOCATION DIRECTLY)(UNLIKE MAGNETIC TAPE WERE
YOU CANNOT)
SDRAM (SYNCHRONOUS DRAM)
- SYNCHRONOUS WITH COMMON SYSTEM CLOCK
- QUEUES UP ONE PROCESS WHILE WAITING FOR ANOTHER
SINGLE DATA RATE (SDR)
SINGLE CLOCK CYCLE PULLS 1 BIT OF DATA
DOUBLE DATA RATE (DDR)
- SINGLE CLOCK CYCLE PULLS 2 BITS OF DATA
- SINGLE CLOCK CYCLE PULLS 2 BITS OF DATA
- TWICE AS FAST AS DDR (FASTER SPEEDS)
- NOT BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE WITH DDR SLOTS
DOUBLE DATA RATE 3 (DDR3) SDRAM
- TWICE THE DATA RATE OF DDR
- LARGER CHIP CAPACITIES
- MAX 16GB PER DIMM
- NOT BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE WITH DDR2, DDR
DOUBLE DATA RATE 4 (DDR4) SDRAM
- MAX 64GB PER DIMM
- FASTER FREQUENCIES
- NOT BACKWARDS COMPATIBLE WITH DDR3, DDR2, DDR
SO-DIMM NOTCHES
DDR NOTCHES
MULTI-CHANNEL MEMORY
- DUAL-CHANNEL, TRIPLE-CHANNEL, QUAD-CHANNEL
- SHOULD ALWAYS MATCH (EXACT MATCHES ARE BEST)
- MEMORY MODULES SLOTS ARE OFTEN COLORED DIFFERENTLY
- MAXIMIZES THROUGHPUT
PARITY MEMORY
- ADDITIONAL PARITY BIT
- CAN'T CORRECT AN ERROR
- WONT ALWAYS DETECT AN ERROR
ERROR CORRECTING CODE (ECC) MEMORY
- DETECTS ERRORS
- CORRECTS ON THE FLY
- IDEAL FOR SERVERS
EVEN PARITY BIT
- THE NUMBER OF BITS IN THE SEQUENCE THAT ADD UP TO AN EVEN NUMBER.
CD-ROM (COMPACT DISC READ-ONLY MEMORY)
- READ-ONLY COMPACT STORAGE
DISC FOR AUDIO OR VIDEO DATA
- CD-ROMS ARE READ BY USING CD-ROM DRIVES AND OPTICAL DRIVES WITH BACKWARD
COMPATIBILITY, SUCH AS DVD AND BLU-RAY DISC DRIVES.
- 700 MEGABYTES (MB) CAPACITY
DVD-ROM (DIGITAL VERSATILE DISC READ-ONLY MEMORY)
4.7 GIGABYTES (GB) FOR SINGLE-LAYER
- 8.5 GIGABYTES (GB) FOR DUAL-LAYER
BLU-RAY DISC
- 25 GB FOR SINGLE-LAYER
- 50 GB FOR DUAL-LAYER
BURNERS
- A DEVICE THAT IS USED TO READ AND CREATE MAKE CD AND DVDS
- INFORMATION IS WRITTEN TO THE CD/DVD BY DARKENING THE PHOTOSENSITIVE DYE
CD-RW (COMPACT DISC-REWRITABLE)
A CD THAT CAN BE WRITTEN TO MULTIPLE TIMES
DVD-R/RW (DVD READ AND REWRITABLE)
SINGLE LAYER WRITABLE
DVD-R DL, DVD+R DL
DUAL LAYER WRITABLE
BD-R (BLU-RAY DISC-RECORDABLE)
AN OPTICAL BLU-RAY DISC THAT CAN BE WRITTEN TO ONCE.
BD-RE (BLU-RAY DISC RECORDABLE ERASABLE)
- A BLU-RAY DISC THAT CAN BE REWRITTEN TO MULTIPLE TIMES.
SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD)
- NON-VOLATILE MEMORY
- NO MOVING PARTS (VERY FAST)
- FAST PERFORMANCE
- NO SPINNING DRIVE RELAYS
- SIZE FOR BOTH DESKTOP AND LAPTOPS - 2.5''
- SATA INTERFACE
M.2 INTERFACE
- SMALLER STORAGE DEVICE
- AS FAST (OR FASTER THAN SATA)
- NO SATA DATA OR POWER CABLES
- INTERFACE IS DIRECTLY ON THE MOTHERBOARD
- DIRECT ACCESS TO PCI EXPRESS BUS
- 4 GBYTE/SECOND THROUGHPUT OR FASTER
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERFACE (B KEY, M KEY, OR B AND M KEY)
- SOME DRIVES WILL SUPPORT BOTH
M.2 M KEY
IF THE DRIVE IS CONNECTING TO A DEVICE THAT SUPPORTS A M KEY, THEN IT WILL USE 4 LANES OF
THE PCI EXPRESS BUS (PCIE X4 AT A MAXIMUM)
M.2 B KEY
IF THE DRIVE IS CONNECTING TO A DEVICE THAT SUPPORTS A M KEY, THEN IT WILL USE 4 LANES OF
THE PCI EXPRESS BUS (PCIE X4 AT A MAXIMUM)
HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD)
NON-VOLATILE MAGNETIC STORAGE
- RAPIDLY ROTATING PLATTERS
- RANDOM-ACCESS (RETRIEVES DATA FROM ANY PART OF DRIVE AT ANYTIME)
- MOVING PARTS (SPINNING PLATTERS, MOVING ACTUATOR ARM)
- MECHANICAL COMPONENTS LIMIT ACCESS SPEED
- MECHANICAL COMPONENTS CAN ALSO BREAK
HARD DISK DRIVE SPEEDS
- ROTATIONAL SPEED (RPM) 5,400 ; AVG. ROTATIONAL SPEED 5.55 MS
- ROTATIONAL SPEED (RPM) 7,200 ; AVG. ROTATIONAL SPEED 4.16 MS
- ROTATIONAL SPEED (RPM) 10,000 ; AVG. ROTATIONAL SPEED 3 MS
- ROTATIONAL SPEED (RPM) 15,000 ; AVG. ROTATIONAL SPEED 2 MS
SSHD (SOLID STATE HYBRID DRIVE)
- BOTH A SPINNING DRIVE AND SSD
- SSD CACHES THE SLOWER SPINNING HARD DRIVE DATA
- INCREASES SPEED WITHOUT COST OF A SSD-ONLY SYSTEM
- LOOKS LIKE A NORMAL HARD DRIVE OR SSD (SAME FORM FACTOR AND INTERFACES)
USB FLASH DRIVE
- FLASH MEMORY
- EEPROM (ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ-ONLY MEMORY)
- LIMITED NUMBER OF WRITES - CAN STILL READ DATA
- NOT DESIGNED FOR ARCHIVAL STORAGE
- VERY SMALL, EASY TO LOSE OR DAMAGE
- ALWAYS HAVE A BACKUP
COMPACT FLASH (CF) MEMORY CARD
SECURE DIGITAL (SD) CARD
- A TYPE OF MEMORY CARD USED IN DIGITAL CAMERAS, TABLETS, CELL PHONES, MP3 PLAYERS,
DIGITAL CAMCORDERS, AND OTHER PORTABLE DEVICES.
- THE THREE STANDARDS USED BY SD CARD
- REGULAR SD - UP TO 2GB USING FAT 12 AND 16 FILE SYSTEMS
- SD HIGH CAPACITY OR SDHC - OVER 2GB TO 32GB USING FAT32 FILE SYSTEM
- SD EXTENDED CAPACITY OR SDXC - OVER 32GB-2TB USING EXFAT FILE SYSTEM
MINI-SD CARD
- SMALLER THAN SD CARD
MICRO SD CARD
- SMALLER THAN MINI-SD CARD
XD-PICTURE CARD
- A TYPE OF MEMORY CARD, TYPICALLY USED WITH DIGITAL CAMERAS
EMMC (EMBEDDED MMC)
- A FORM OF EMBEDDED FLASH MEMORY WIDELY SEEN IN MOBILE DEVICES.
RAID (REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INDEPENDENT DISKS)
- A METHOD OF STORING DATA ON TWO OR MORE HARD DRIVES THAT WORK TOGETHER
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEVELS
- SOME REDUNDANT, SOME NOT
RAID 0 (STRIPING)
- FILE BLOCKS ARE SPLIT BETWEEN PHYSICAL DRIVES
- HIGH PERFORMANCE (DATA WRITTEN QUICKLY)
- ZERO REDUNDANCY (DRIVE FAILURE BREAKS THE ARRAY)
- MINIMUM OF 2 DRIVES
RAID 1 (MIRRORING)
- FILE BLOCKS ARE DUPLICATED BETWEEN PHYSICAL DRIVES
- HIGH DISK SPACE UTILIZATION (EVERY FILE IS DUPLICATED; REQUIRED DISK SPACE IS DOUBLED)
- HIGH REDUNDANCY (DRIVE FAILURE DOES NOT AFFECT DATA AVAILABILITY)
- MINIMUM OF 2 DRIVES
RAID 5 (STRIPING WITH PARITY)
- FILE BLOCKS ARE STRIPED ALONG WITH A PARITY BLOCK
- EFFICIENT USE OF DISK SPACE (FILES AREN'T DUPLICATED BUT SPACE IS STILL USED FOR PARITY)
- HIGH REDUNDANCY (DATA AVAILABLE AFTER DRIVE FAILURE; PARITY CALCULATION MAY AFFECT
PERFORMANCE)
- MINIMUM OF 3 DRIVES
RAID 1+0 - A STRIPE OF MIRRORS (A.K.A RAID 10)
- COMBINES STRIPING (RAID 0) WITH MIRRORING (RAID 1)
- RAID 0 STRIPES DATA ACROSS THE DRIVES, RAID 1 MIRRORS THAT DATA
- HIGH DISK SPACE UTILIZATION
- HIGH REDUNDANCY
- MINIMUM OF 4 DRIVES
SOFTWARE-BASED RAID
- A FEATURE OF THE OS
- DOES NOT REQUIRED SPECIAL HARDWARE
- LOWER PERFORMANCE THAN HARDWARE-BASED
HARDWARE-BASED RAID
- A FEATURE OF THE HARD DRIVE CONTROLLER
- CONFIGURED OUTSIDE OF THE OS (USUALLY INVISIBLE TO THE OS)
- HIGHER PERFORMANCE, DESIGNED FOR SPEEDS
HOT-SWAPPABLE DRIVE
- ADD OR REMOVE DRIVES WHILE THE SYSTEM IS RUNNING
- CONNECTION IS "HOT"
- USB IS AN EXAMPLE
- FIREWIRE IS ALSO AN EXAMPLE
- SATA, ESATA - PART OF THE STANDARD
- COMBINE WITH RAID FOR 100% UPTIME
STANDARD ATX
- LARGE FORM FACTOR (ATX FORM FACTOR)
- ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY EXTENDED
- POWER : EITHER 20 OR 24 PINS WITHN AN ADDITIONAL 4/8 PIN CONNECTOR
MICRO-ATX FORM FACTOR
SMALLER THAN STANDARD ATX
- LIMITED EXPANSION SLOTS
- BACKWARD COMPATIBILITY (SIMILAR MOUNTING POINTS AND POWER)
MINI-ITX FORM FACTOR
- SMALLER THAN MICROATX
- A SERIES OF LOW-POWER MB'S
- SCREW COMPATIBLE WITH ATX AND MICROATX
- SINGLE USE COMPUTING (I.E., STREAMING MEDIA)
CONVENTIONAL PCI (PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT)
- REFERRED TO AS PCI BUS
- PARALLEL COMMUNICATION
- 32 - BIT AND 64-BIT BUS WIDTH
PCI 133 MB/S THROUGHPUT
THROUGHPUT FOR A BUS RUNNING A 32-BIT CARD AT A 33MHZ CLOCK RATE
PCI 266 MB/S THROUGHPUT
--BUS VERSION RUNNING AT:
- 32 - BIT CARD RUNNING AT 66 MHZ (CLOCK RATE)
OR
- 64 - BIT CARD RUNNING AT 33 MHZ (CLOCK RATE)
PCI 533 MB/S THROUGHPUT
- THROUGHPUT OF A BUS RUNNING A 64-BIT CARD AT 66 MHZ CLOCK RATE
32 - BIT PCI PARALLEL BUS
- 32 BITS SENT AT THE SAME TIME
64 - BIT PCI PARALLEL BUS
- 64 BITS SENT AT THE SAME TIME
- WIDER BUS
PCI 32-BIT SLOTS
- SMALLER SLOTS
PC 64-BIT SLOTS
- LONGER SLOTS
- EXTRA NOTCH
PCI 32-BIT EXPANSION CARD
- CARD SLOT PROVIDES POWER AT 3.3V OR 5V
- DEVICE CAN USE EITHER AVAILABLE POWER
- CARD SHOULD BE ABLE TO SLIDE IN WITHOUT MUCH FORCE.
- CONFIRM NOTCHES ARE LINED UP TO THE PCI SLOT
PCI 64-BIT EXPANSION CARD
- CARD SLOT IS A BIT LONGER
- SLOT PROVIDES POWER AT 3.3V OR 5V
- DEVICE CAN USE EITHER AVAILABLE POWER
- 3RD NOTCH SIGNIFYING THAT IT IS A 64-BIT CARD
- CARD SHOULD BE ABLE TO SLIDE IN WITHOUT MUCH FORCE.
- CONFIRM NOTCHES ARE LINED UP
PCI EXPRESS (PCIE)
- REPLACED PCI, PCI-X AND AGP
- COMMUNICATES SERIALLY (UNIDIRECTONAL SERIAL "LANES")
- SLOWER DEVICES DOES NOT SLOW DOWN EVERYONE (LANES ARE NOT SHARED)
- SIZE OF DIFFERENT LANES: ONE, TWO, FOUR, EIGHT, SIXTEEN, OR THIRTY-TWO FULL-DUPLEX SERIAL
LANES
- X1, X2, X4, X8, X16, X32 ("X" IS PRONOUNCED "BY")
PCI EXPRESS X1 LANE
- 1 LANE (1 LANE IN ONE DIRECTION AND ANOTHER 1 LANE IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION)
PCI EXPRESS X12 LANE
- 12 LANES (12 LANES IN ONE DIRECTION, ANOTHER 12 LANES IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION)
PCIE V1.X
- 250 MB/S OF THROUGHPUT PER LANE IN EACH DIRECTION
PCIE V2.X
- 500 MB/S OF THROUGHPUT PER LANE IN EACH DIRECTION
PCIE V3.X
- ~1 GB/S OF THROUGHPUT PER LANE IN EACH DIRECTION
PCIE V4.X
PCIE V5.X (EXPECTED IN 2019)
- ~4 GB/S OF THROUGHPUT PER LANE IN EACH DIRECTION
RISER CARD
- PLUGS IN VERTICALLY IN THE MOTHERBOARD
- CARDS ARE PLUG IN VERTICALLY TO THE MOTHERBOARD
- ONE EXAMPLE WHERE THE CARD IS USED IS IN DATA CENTER SERVERS
CPU SOCKETS
- MOTHERBOARDS ARE MATCHED WITH CPU'S
- CPUS HAVE SPECIFIC SOCKET REQUIREMENTS
- USUALLY THE LARGEST THING ON THE BOARD
- USUALLY CENTRAL TO EVERYTHING
- NOT EASILY UPGRADABLE (AND OFTEN NOT AN OPTION)
ZERO INSERTION FORCE (ZIF) SOCKET
A SOCKET FULL OF HOLES THAT MATCHES THE CPU
- CONTAINS A SMALL LEVER THAT HELPS INSTALL THE CPU WITHOUT ANY PRESSURE
PIN GRID ARRAY (PGA)
