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Consequences of Global Challenges: Migration - Prof. Arthur, Slides of World Politics
This lecture covers the causes of migration, its positive and negative consequences, and policy responses by various countries. It explores the types of migration, including internal, international, voluntary, and involuntary, and the theories and causes behind them, such as economic, social, political, and environmental factors. The document delves into the economic, social, political, and environmental consequences of international migration for both host and sending countries. It also presents case studies on the syrian refugee crisis, migration within the european union, climate-induced migration in bangladesh, south-north migration, and demographic transitions and migration. The lecture concludes by discussing national and international policy responses to manage migration, including immigration laws, education, language training, and employment support. This comprehensive overview provides valuable insights into the complex and multifaceted nature of global migration challenges.
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CONSEQUENCES
OF GLOBAL
CHALLENGES:
MIGRATION
Lecturer(s)
Dr Alice Gyasi-Mensah
and
Dr Dominic Degraft Arthur
OVERVIEW OF LECTURE
- (^) This lecture covers the causes of migration, its positive and negative consequences and policy responses by various countries.
Introduction
- (^) Name some global challenges
- (^) Focus is on migration : Migration is a significant global phenomenon influenced by various economic, social, political and environmental factors.
- (^) It has consequences for both the country of origin and country of destination.
- (^) Migration is defined as any movement from an original place of origin to a place of destination within a specified period of time.
- (^) According to the IOM, a migrant is defined as any person who is moving or has moved across an international border or within a state away from his/her habitual place of residence, regardless of: the persons legal status. or whether its voluntary of involuntary.
Types of Migration
- (^) Internal Migration
- (^) International Migration
- (^) Voluntary Migration
- (^) Involuntary Migration
Theories and Causes of Migration
- (^) Several theories explaining the causes of international migration exist
- (^) Ravestines Laws of Migration
- (^) Push -Pull Theories
- (^) Economic Factors- unemployment, wage differentials , poverty
- (^) Social Factors- family reunification, education
- (^) Political Factors- conflicts and persecution, human rights violation
- (^) Environmental Factors- eg, climate change resulting from natural disasters, rising sea levels, changing agricultural conditions
Consequences of International Migration
- Economic Consequences
- (^) For Host Countries
- (^) Labor Market: Immigrants can fill labor market shortages especially in low skilled jobs
- (^) Economic Growth: Contributions to GDP and Innovation
- (^) Wage Suppression
- (^) For Sending/Home countries
- (^) Remittances
- (^) Brain drain/ Brain Gain and Brain Circulation
- Social Consequences
- (^) Cultural Diversity: Enrichment of host countries through cultural exchange.
- (^) Integration challenges: Issues of assimilation, identity and social cohesion
- (^) Public Services: Strain on existing social infrastructure; health care, education and housing
- Political Consequences
- (^) Policy Responses: immigration policies, border control and integration programs
- (^) Public opinion: nationalism and anti-immigration sentiments (xenophobia)
- (^) International Relations
- (^) 4. Environmental Consequences
- (^) Urbanization: pressure on urban infrastructure and resources
- (^) Environmental degradation: overuse of resources in densely populated areas
Case Studies
- Syrian Refugee Crisis
- (^) Causes: civil war, persecution and economic hardship
- (^) Consequences: Impact on neighboring countries like Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan; integration challenges in Europe
- Migration in European Union
- (^) Free movement: Benefits and Challenges within the EU
- (^) Brexit: impact on migration patterns and policies
- Climate Induced Migration in Bangladesh
- (^) Causes: Flooding , cyclones and sea-level rise
- (^) Consequence: Internal displacement, migration to urban areas , trapped populations
- South-North Migration Causes ?? Consequence?
- Demographic Transitions and Migration Causes : aging, declining birth rate Consequences ??
Policy Responses
- (^) National Responses
- (^) Immigration Laws ; approaches to the management of migration
- (^) International Responses; education, language training and employment support
- (^) International Responses
- (^) UNHCR
- (^) IOM
- (^) Regional and Bilateral Agreements
Thank You Class Presentation Group 1 : Theories of Migration (Massey et al 1993) Group 2 : State Ravestines Laws of Migration and discuss its relevance today Group 3 : Present a case study of migration (different from those discussed in class) and discuss its causes and consequences Group 4: Explain the consequences of migration from the global south on the global north, discuss its advantages and disadvantages Group 5: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of migration Group 6: Discuss the effects of on both sending and receiving nations. Group 7: Discuss how Ghana can effectively manage migration in the face of global challenges.