COPD EXAM QUESTIONS ACCURATE TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM FROM 2023TO 2024 | ACCURATE, Exams of Nursing

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COPD EXAM QUESTIONS ACCURATE

TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM FROM

2023TO 2024 | ACCURATE AND

VERIFIED ANSWERS | NEXT GEN

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1 50+ QUESTIONS

A child is having an asthma attack and the parent can't remember which inhaler to use for quick relief. The nurse accesses the child's medication information and tells the parent to use which inhalant?

• ANSWER Proventil A nurse administers albuterol (Proventil), as ordered, to a client with emphysema. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect?
• ANSWER Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), decreased carbon dioxide elimination results in increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood, leading to which of the following acid-base imbalances?
• ANSWER Respiratory acidosis Emphysema is described by which of the following statements?
• ANSWER A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistened alveoli A nurse is caring for a male patient with COPD. While reviewing breathing exercises, the nurse instructs the patient to breathe in slowly through the nose, taking in a normal breath. Then, the

nurse asks the patient to pucker his lips as if preparing to whistle. Finally, the patient is told to exhale slowly and gently through the puckered lips. The nurse teaches the patient this breathing exercise to accomplish which of the following? Select all that apply.

• ANSWER > Prevent collpase of the airways

Control the rate and depth of respirations Release trapped air in the lungs The classification of Stage III of COPD is defined as

• ANSWER Severe COPD Which of the following is the strongest predisposing factor for asthma?
• ANSWER Allergy Which of the following would not be considered a primary symptom of COPD?
• ANSWER Weight Gain Which of the following is accurate regarding status asthmaticus?
• ANSWER A sever asthma episode that is refractory to initial therapy Following are statements regarding medications taken by a patient diagnosed with COPD. Choose which statements correctly match the drug name to the drug category. Select all that apply.
• ANSWER > Albuterol

Ciprofloxacin Prednisone The nurse is assigned the care of a 30-year-old female patient diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the following nursing interventions will be included in the patient's plan of care? - ANSWER Performing chest physiotherapy as ordered

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to an acute care facility because of an acute respiratory infection. When assessing the client's respiratory status, which finding should the nurse anticipate? - ANSWER A client is diagnosed with a chronic respiratory disorder. After assessing the client's knowledge of the disorder, the nurse prepares a teaching plan. This teaching plan is most likely to include which nursing diagnosis?

• ANSWER Anxiety A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cor pulmonale is being prepared for discharge. The nurse should provide which instruction?
• ANSWER "Weigh yourself daily and report a gain of 2 lb in 1 day." Explanation: The nurse should instruct the client to weigh himself daily and report a gain of 2 lb in 1 day. COPD causes pulmonary hypertension, leading to right-sided heart failure or cor pulmonale. The resultant venous congestion causes dependent edema. A weight gain may further stress the respiratory system and worsen the client's condition. The nurse should also instruct the client to eat a low-sodium diet to avoid fluid retention and engage in moderate exercise to avoid muscle atrophy. A nurse administers albuterol (Proventil), as ordered, to a client with emphysema. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect?
• ANSWER Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with asthma. Which teaching point has the highest priority?
  • ANSWER Take ordered medications as scheduled. A nurse consulting with a nutrition specialist knows it's important to consider a special diet for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which diet is appropriate for this client?

• ANSWER High-protein Which statement describes emphysema?
• ANSWER A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli Which is the strongest predisposing factor for asthma?
• ANSWER Allergy The classification of grade I COPD is defined as
• ANSWER mild COPD A client is being seen in the emergency department for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The first action of the nurse is to administer which of the following prescribed treatments?
• ANSWER Oxygen through nasal cannula at 2 L/minute A client experiencing an asthmatic attack is prescribed methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) intravenously. The nurse:
• ANSWER Assesses fasting blood glucose levels Explanation: Adverse effects of methylprednisolone include abnormalities in glucose metabolism. The nurse monitors blood glucose levels. Methylprednisolone also increases the client's appetite and fluid retention, but the client will not decrease caloric or fluid intake as a result of these adverse effects. After reviewing the pharmacological treatment for pulmonary diseases, the nursing student knows that bronchodilators relieve bronchospasm in three ways. Choose the correct three of the following options.
• ANSWER - Alter smooth muscle tone

• Reduce airway obstruction
• Increase oxygen distribution Histamine, a mediator that supports the inflammatory process in asthma, is secreted by - ANSWER Mast cells The nurse should be alert for a complication of bronchiectasis that results from a combination of retained secretions and obstruction that leads to the collapse of alveoli. This complication is known as
• ANSWER Atelectasis A physician orders a beta2 adrenergic-agonist agent (bronchodilator) that is short-acting and administered only by inhaler. The nurse knows this would probably be
• ANSWER Albuterol A junior-level nursing class has just finished learning about the management of clients with chronic pulmonary diseases. They learned that a new definition of COPD leaves only one disorder within its classification. Which of the following is that disorder? – ANSWER Emphysema A nursing student knows that there are three most common symptoms of asthma. Choose the three that apply . - ANSWER - Dyspnea
• Cough
• Wheezing Which of the following is a leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation?
• ANSWER Bronchitis

Which exposure accounts for most cases of COPD?

• ANSWER Exposure to tobacco smoke A child is having an asthma attack and the parent can't remember which inhaler to use for quick relief. The nurse accesses the child's medication information and tells the parent to use which inhalant?
• ANSWER Proventil Which drug is second-line pharmacotherapy for smoking abstinence?
  • ANSWER Clonidine A nurse has just completed teaching with a patient who has been prescribed a meter-dosed inhaler for the first time. Which of the following statements would the nurse use to initiate further teaching and follow-up care?
• ANSWER "I do not need to rinse my mouth with this type of inhaler." A client with bronchiectasis is admitted to the nursing unit. The primary focus of nursing care for this client includes
• ANSWER implementing measures to clear pulmonary secretions. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), decreased carbon dioxide elimination results in increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood, leading to which of the following acid-base imbalances?
• ANSWER Respiratory acidosis The nurse is assigned the care of a 30-year-old client diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which nursing intervention will be included in the client's care plan?
  • ANSWER Performing chest physiotherapy as ordered

A patient comes to the clinic for the third time in 2 months with chronic bronchitis. What clinical symptoms does the nurse anticipate assessing for this patient?

• ANSWER Sputum and a productive cough The nurse should be alert for a complication of bronchiectasis that results from a combination of retained secretions and obstruction and that leads to the collapse of alveoli. What complication should the nurse monitor for?
  • ANSWER Atelectasis The classification of Stage II of COPD is defined as
  • ANSWER moderate COPD The classification of Stage III of COPD is defined as
• ANSWER severe COPD A nurse is assisting with a subclavian vein central line insertion when the client's oxygen saturation drops rapidly. He complains of shortness of breath and becomes tachypneic. The nurse suspects the client has developed a pneumothorax. Further assessment findings supporting the presence of a pneumothorax include:
  • ANSWER diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side. For a client with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which nursing action best promotes adequate gas exchange?
  • ANSWER Using a Venturi mask to deliver oxygen as ordered A nurse is caring for a client experiencing an acute asthma attack. The client stops wheezing and breath sounds aren't audible. This change occurred because:
• ANSWER the airways are so swollen that no air can get through.

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease tells a nurse that he feels short of breath. The client's respiratory rate is 36 breaths/minute and the nurse auscultates diffuse wheezes. His arterial oxygen saturation is 84%. The nurse calls the assigned respiratory therapist to administer an ordered nebulizer treatment. The therapist says, "I have several more nebulizer treatments to do on the unit where I am now. As soon as I'm finished, I'll come and assess the client." The nurse's most appropriate action is to: - ANSWER give the nebulizer treatment herself. At 11 p.m., a client is admitted to the emergency department. He has a respiratory rate of 44 breaths/minute. He's anxious, and wheezes are audible. The client is immediately given oxygen by face mask and methylprednisolone (Depo-medrol) I.V. At 11:30 p.m., the client's arterial blood oxygen saturation is 86%, and he's still wheezing. The nurse should plan to administer: - ANSWER albuterol (Proventil). Explanation: The client is hypoxemic because of bronchoconstriction as evidenced by wheezes and a subnormal arterial oxygen saturation level. The client's greatest need is bronchodilation, which can be accomplished by administering bronchodilators. Albuterol is a beta2 adrenergic agonist, which causes dilation of the bronchioles. It's given by nebulization or metered-dose inhalation and may be given as often as every 30 to 60 minutes until relief is accomplished. A home health nurse visits a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who requires oxygen. Which statement by the client indicates the need for additional teaching about home oxygen use? - ANSWER "I make sure my oxygen mask is on tightly so it won't fall off while I nap." Explanation:The client requires additional teaching if he states that he fits his mask tightly. Applying the oxygen mask too tightly can cause skin breakdown, so the client should be cautioned against wearing it too tightly. Which is the most important risk factor for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? - ANSWER Cigarette smoking As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base imbalance? - ANSWER Respiratory acidosis

Explanation: As status asthmaticus worsens, the PaCO2 increases and the pH decreases, reflecting respiratory acidosis. A client with symptoms of mild persistent asthma is now initiating treatment. Which of the following is the preferred therapy that the nurse will teach the client to use at home? - ANSWER Inhaled beclomethasone (Beconase) Explanation: For mild persistent asthma, the preferred treatment is an inhaled corticosteroid, such as beclomethasone. To help prevent infections in clients with COPD, the nurse should recommend vaccinations against two bacterial organisms. Which of the following are the two vaccinations? - ANSWER Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of a pneumothorax? Select all that apply. - ANSWER - Sudden chest pain

• Asymmetry of chest movement
• Unilateral retractions
• Oxygen desaturation In which statements regarding medications taken by a client diagnosed with COPD do the the drug name and the drug category correctly match? Select all that apply. - ANSWER - Prednisone is a corticosteroid.
• Albuterol is a bronchodilator.
• Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic. Which statement is true about both lung transplant and bullectomy? - ANSWER Both procedures improve the overall quality of life of a client with COPD.

Upon assessment, the nurse suspects that a patient with COPD may have bronchospasm. What manifestations validate the nurse's concern? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER - Compromised gas exchange

• Decreased airflow
• Wheezes A patient is prescribed a mast cell stabilizer for the treatment of asthma. Which commonly used medication will the nurse educate the patient about? - ANSWER Cromolyn sodium A patient is being treated for status asthmaticus. What danger sign does the nurse observe that can indicate impending respiratory failure? - ANSWER Respiratory acidosis The goal for oxygen therapy in COPD is to support tissue oxygenation, decrease the work of the cardiopulmonary system, and maintain the resting partial arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of at least ______ mm Hg and an arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of at least ___%. - ANSWER 60 mm Hg; 90% A pneumothorax is a possible complication of COPD. Symptoms will depend on the suddenness of the attack and the size of the air leak. The most common, immediate symptom that should be assessed is: - ANSWER Sharp, stabbing chest pain Which of the following is not a primary symptom of COPD? - ANSWER Weight gain A nurse is caring for a client with status asthmaticus. Which medication should the nurse prepare to administer? - ANSWER An inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist The nursing student recalls that the underlying pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) includes the following components: (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER
• Inflamed airways obstruct airflow.
• Mucus secretions block airways.
• Overinflated alveoli impair gas exchange.

Although many signs and symptoms lead to a diagnosis of emphysema, one symptom stands as the primary presenting symptom. Which of the following is the primary presenting symptom? - ANSWER Dyspnea Asthma is cause by which type of response? - ANSWER IgE-mediated The nurse is reviewing pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) instructions with a client. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further instruction? - ANSWER "I can't use a spacer or holding chamber with the MDI." A patient with asthma is prescribed a short acting beta-adrenergic (SABA) for quick relief. Which of the following is the most likely drug to be prescribed? - ANSWER Proventil The classification of Stage IV of COPD is defined as - ANSWER very severe COPD. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recovering from a myocardial infarction. Because the client is extremely weak and can't produce an effective cough, the nurse should monitor closely for: - ANSWER atelectasis Explanation: In a client with COPD, an ineffective cough impedes secretion removal. This, in turn, causes mucus plugging, which leads to localized airway obstruction — a known cause of atelectasis. A physician orders metaproterenol (Alupent) by metered-dose inhalation four times daily for a client with acute bronchitis. Which statement by the client indicates effective teaching about this medication? - ANSWER "I need to hold my breath as long as possible after I take a deep inhalation." A client has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Following a coughing episode, the client reports sudden and unrelieved shortness of breath. Which of the following is the most important for the nurse to assess? - ANSWER Lung sounds

The wife of a patient who was admitted 3 days ago with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) states that she is worried about her husband because he appears to be breathing "really hard." The nurse performs a respiratory assessment. Which of the following findings would indicate a need for further interventions? (Select all that apply.) - ANSWER BP 122/80, HR 116, R 24, pale and clammy skin, temp 101.3 degrees F Which of the following is the most common chronic disease of childhood? - ANSWER Asthma A client diagnosed with asthma is preparing for discharge. The nurse is educating the client on the proper use of a peak flow meter. The nurse instructs the client to complete which action? - ANSWER If coughing occurs during the procedure, repeat it. A client is receiving theophylline for long-term control and prevention of asthma symptoms. Client education related to this medication will include - ANSWER the importance of blood tests to monitor serum concentrations. The nurse is assigned to care for a patient with COPD with hypoxemia and hypercapnia. When planning care for this patient, what does the nurse understand is the main goal of treatment? - ANSWER Providing sufficient oxygen to improve oxygenation Which of the following is a symptom diagnostic of emphysema? - ANSWER Dyspnea A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to an acute care facility because of an acute respiratory infection. When assessing the client's respiratory status, which finding should the nurse anticipate? - ANSWER An inspiratory-expiratory (I:E) ratio of 2: A nurse has established a nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance. The datum that best supports this diagnosis is that the client - ANSWER Has wheezes in the right lung lobes

A nurse is assisting a client with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to set a goal related to the condition. Which of the following is an appropriate goal for this client? - ANSWER Increase walking distance around a city block without shortness of breath. A client has intermittent asthma attacks. Which of the following therapies does the nurse teach the client to use at home when experiencing an asthma attack? - ANSWER Inhaled albuterol (Ventolin) A client with asthma has developed obstruction of the airway. Which of the following does the nurse understand as having potentially contributed to this problem? Choose all that apply. - ANSWER - Thick mucus

• Swelling of bronchial membranes
• Airway remodeling A patient with cystic fibrosis is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. When should the nurse administer the pancreatic enzymes that the patient has been prescribed? - ANSWER With meals Which terms means an increase in the red blood cell concentration in the blood? - ANSWER Polycythemia A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) expresses a desire to quit smoking. The first appropriate response from the nurse is: - ANSWER "Have you tried to quit smoking before?" In COPD, the body attempts to improve oxygen-carrying capacity by increasing the amount of red blood cells. Which term refers to this process? - ANSWER Polycythemia The nurse is assigned to care for a patient with COPD with hypoxemia and hypercapnia. When planning care for this patient, what does the nurse understand is the main goal of treatment? - ANSWER Providing sufficient oxygen to improve oxygenation

A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with asthma. Which teaching point has the highest priority? Take ordered medications as scheduled. Avoid contact with fur-bearing animals. Change filters on heating and air conditioning units frequently. Avoid goose down pillows. - ANSWER Take ordered medications as scheduled. Which statement describes emphysema? Presence of cough and sputum production for at least a combined total of 2 to 3 months in each of two consecutive years A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli A disease that results in reversible airflow obstruction, a common clinical outcome Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi - ANSWER A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli In which grade of COPD is the forced expiratory volume (FEV) less than 30%? I II III IV - ANSWER III Clients with grade III COPD demonstrate an FEV1 less than 30-50% predicted, with respiratory failure or clinical signs of right heart failure. Grade I is mild COPD, with an FEV1 ≥80% predicted. Clients with grade II COPD demonstrate an FEV1 of 50-80% predicted. Grade IV is characterized by FEV1 less 30% predicted. Which symptoms are considered primary symptoms of COPD? Dyspnea upon exertion Sputum production

Weight gain Cough - ANSWER COPD is characterized by three primary symptoms: cough, sputum production, and dyspnea upon exertion. Weight loss is common with COPD. The nurse should be alert for a complication of bronchiectasis that results from a combination of retained secretions and obstruction that leads to the collapse of alveoli. This complication is known as Pneumonia Atelectasis Emphysema Pleurisy - ANSWER Atelectasis A physician orders a beta2 adrenergic-agonist agent (bronchodilator) that is short-acting and administered only by inhaler. The nurse knows this would probably be Albuterol Foradil Isuprel Atrovent - ANSWER Albuterol A nursing student knows that there are three most common symptoms of asthma. Choose the three that apply. Crackles Wheezing

Dyspnea Cough - ANSWER Cough Wheezing Dyspnea Which exposure accounts for most cases of COPD? Passive smoking Occupational exposure Ambient air pollution Exposure to tobacco smoke - ANSWER Exposure to tobacco smoke The nurse should be alert for a complication of bronchiectasis that results from a combination of retained secretions and obstruction and that leads to the collapse of alveoli. What complication should the nurse monitor for? Atelectasis Emphysema Pneumonia Pleurisy - ANSWER Atelectasis The goal for oxygen therapy in COPD is to support tissue oxygenation, decrease the work of the cardiopulmonary system, and maintain the resting partial arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of at least ______ mm Hg and an arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) of at least ___%. 54 mm Hg; 84% 56 mm Hg; 86% 60 mm Hg; 90% 58 mm Hg; 88% - ANSWER 60 mm Hg; 90% A nurse administers albuterol (Proventil), as ordered, to a client with emphysema. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect?

Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute Heart rate of 100 beats/minute Dilated and reactive pupils Urine output of 40 ml/hour - ANSWER Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base imbalance? Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER Respiratory acidosis As status asthmaticus worsens, the PaCO2 increases and the pH decreases, reflecting respiratory acidosis. A client has asthma. Which of the following medications is a commonly prescribed mast cell stabilizer used for asthma? Theophylline Cromolyn sodium Budesonide Albuterol - ANSWER Cromolyn sodium A client is at risk for emphysema. When reviewing information about the condition with the client, which would the nurse emphasize as the most important environmental risk factor for emphysema? Infectious agents Air pollution Cigarette smoking Allergens - ANSWER Cigarette smoking

To help prevent infections in clients with COPD, the nurse should recommend vaccinations against two bacterial organisms. Which of the following are the two vaccinations? Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumonia and varicella Haemophilus influenzae and varicella Haemophilus influenzae and Gardasil - ANSWER Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae A nurse has just completed teaching with a patient who has been prescribed a meter-dosed inhaler for the first time. Which of the following statements would the nurse use to initiate further teaching and follow-up care? "I will make sure to take a slow, deep breath as I push on my inhaler." "If I use the spacer, I know I am only supposed to push on the inhaler once." "After I breathe in, I will hold my breath for 10 seconds." "I do not need to rinse my mouth with this type of inhaler." - ANSWER "I do not need to rinse my mouth with this type of inhaler." Which statement is true about both lung transplant and bullectomy? Both aim to cure COPD. Both aim to treat end-stage emphysema. Both are used to treat clients with bullous emphysema. Both aim to improve the overall quality of life of a client with COPD. - ANSWER Both aim to improve the overall quality of life of a client with COPD. A client with bronchiectasis is admitted to the nursing unit. The primary focus of nursing care for this client includes

providing the client a low-calorie, high-fiber diet. teaching the family how to perform postural drainage. instructing the client on the signs of respiratory infection. implementing measures to clear pulmonary secretions. - ANSWER implementing measures to clear pulmonary secretions. A patient is being treated for status asthmaticus. What danger sign does the nurse observe that can indicate impending respiratory failure? Metabolic acidosis Respiratory alkalosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER Respiratory acidosis In status asthmaticus, increasing PaCO2 (to normal levels or levels indicating respiratory acidosis) is a danger sign signifying impending respiratory failure. Understanding the sequence of the pathophysiologic processes in status asthmaticus is important for understanding assessment findings. Respiratory alkalosis occurs initially because the patient hyperventilates and PaCO2 decreases. As the condition continues, air becomes trapped in the narrowed airways and carbon dioxide is retained, leading to respiratory acidosis. The classification of Stage II of COPD is defined as moderate COPD. mild COPD. very severe COPD. at risk for COPD. severe COPD. - ANSWER moderate COPD.

A nurse is assisting with a subclavian vein central line insertion when the client's oxygen saturation drops rapidly. He complains of shortness of breath and becomes tachypneic. The nurse suspects the client has developed a pneumothorax. Further assessment findings supporting the presence of a pneumothorax include: tracheal deviation to the unaffected side. muffled or distant heart sounds. paradoxical chest wall movement with respirations. diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side. - ANSWER diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side. In the case of a pneumothorax, auscultating for breath sounds will reveal absent or diminished breath sounds on the affected side. Paradoxical chest wall movements occur in flail chest conditions. Tracheal deviation occurs in a tension pneumothorax. Muffled or distant heart sounds occur in cardiac tamponade. A client is diagnosed with a chronic respiratory disorder. After assessing the client's knowledge of the disorder, the nurse prepares a teaching plan. This teaching plan is most likely to include which nursing diagnosis? Anxiety Impaired swallowing Unilateral neglect Imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements - ANSWER Anxiety A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cor pulmonale is being prepared for discharge. The nurse should provide which instruction? "Limit yourself to smoking only 2 cigarettes per day."

"Weigh yourself daily and report a gain of 2 lb in 1 day." "Maintain bed rest." "Eat a high-sodium diet." - ANSWER "Weigh yourself daily and report a gain of 2 lb in 1 day." The classification of grade I COPD is defined as mild COPD. moderate COPD. severe COPD. very severe COPD. - ANSWER mild COPD. Grade I is mild COPD. Grade II is moderate COPD. Grade III is severe COPD. Grade IV is very severe COPD. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), decreased carbon dioxide elimination results in increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood, leading to which of the following acid-base imbalances? Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Metabolic alkalosis Respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER Respiratory acidosis Increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood leads to respiratory acidosis and chronic respiratory failure. In acute illness, worsening hypercapnia can lead to acute respiratory failure. The other acid-base imbalances would not correlate with COPD. Which of the following occupy space in the thorax, but do not contribute to ventilation? Bullae Alveoli

Lung parenchyma Mast cells - ANSWER Bullae Bullae are enlarged airspaces that do not contribute to ventilation but occupy space in the thorax. Bullae may compress areas of healthier lung and impair gas exchange. Alveoli are the functional units of the lungs. Lung parenchyma is lung tissue. Mast cells, when activated, release several chemicals called mediators that include histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. In which statements regarding medications taken by a client diagnosed with COPD do the the drug name and the drug category correctly match? Select all that apply. Prednisone is a corticosteroid. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic. Dexamethasone is an antibiotic. Cotrimoxazole is a bronchodilator. Albuterol is a bronchodilator. - ANSWER Albuterol is a bronchodilator. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic. Prednisone is a corticosteroid. Upon assessment, the nurse suspects that a patient with COPD may have bronchospasm. What manifestations validate the nurse's concern? (Select all that apply.) Jugular vein distention Wheezes Decreased airflow Ascites Compromised gas exchange - ANSWER Compromised gas exchange Decreased airflow Wheezes

A child is having an asthma attack and the parent can't remember which inhaler to use for quick relief. The nurse accesses the child's medication information and tells the parent to use which inhalant? Theo-Dur Serevent Proventil Cromolyn sodium - ANSWER Proventil Short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists (albuterol [AccuNeb, Proventil, Ventolin], levalbuterol are the medications of choice for relief of acute symptoms and prevention of exercise-induced asthma. Cromolyn sodium is an anti-inflammatory agents and are considered alternative medications for treatment. These medications stabilize mast cells. These medications are contraindicated in acute asthma exacerbations. Long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists are not indicated for immediate relief of symptoms. These include theophylline (Slo-Bid, Theo- Dur) and salmeterol (Serevent Diskus). For a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which nursing intervention helps maintain a patent airway? Enforcing absolute bed rest Administering ordered sedatives regularly and in large amounts Teaching the client how to perform controlled coughing Restricting fluid intake to 1,000 ml/day - ANSWER Teaching the client how to perform controlled coughing A nurse consulting with a nutrition specialist knows it's important to consider a special diet for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which diet is appropriate for this client? High-protein

Low-fat 1,800-calorie ADA Full-liquid - ANSWER High-protein A client is being seen in the emergency department for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The first action of the nurse is to administer which of the following prescribed treatments? Intravenous methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 120 mg Vancomycin 1 gram intravenously over 1 hour Ipratropium bromide (Alupent) by metered-dose inhaler Oxygen through nasal cannula at 2 L/minute - ANSWER Oxygen through nasal cannula at 2 L/minute All options listed are treatments that may be used for a client with an exacerbation of COPD. The first line of treatment is oxygen therapy. After reviewing the pharmacological treatment for pulmonary diseases, the nursing student knows that bronchodilators relieve bronchospasm in three ways. Choose the correct three of the following options. Alter smooth muscle tone Increase oxygen distribution Reduce airway obstruction Decrease alveolar ventilation - ANSWER Alter smooth muscle tone Reduce airway obstruction Increase oxygen distribution Histamine, a mediator that supports the inflammatory process in asthma, is secreted by

Lymphocytes Neutrophils Mast cells Eosiniphils - ANSWER Mast cells You are caring for a client with obstructive pulmonary disease. Your nursing care includes diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions for what? Side effects of medication therapy Atelectasis Pain Impaired physical mobility - ANSWER Atelectasis For a client with obstructive pulmonary disease, atelectasis is one of the conditions for which nursing actions are identified to detect, manage, and minimize the unexpected outcomes. Asthma is cause by which type of response? IgM-mediated IgA-mediated IgD-mediated IgE-mediated - ANSWER IgE-mediated A patient comes to the clinic for the third time in 2 months with chronic bronchitis. What clinical symptoms does the nurse anticipate assessing for this patient? Sputum and a productive cough Chest pain during respiration Tachypnea and tachycardia Fever, chills, and diaphoresis - ANSWER Sputum and a productive cough