Cornell University-New York Hospital School of Nursing 1948-1949, Study notes of Nursing

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CORNELL UNIVERSITY

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION

ITHACA, NEW YORK

Cornell University-New York Hospital

School o f Nursing

1948-

525 EAST 68TH STREET: NEW Y O RK 21, N. Y.

Contents

• Calendar
• Career Opportunities in N ursing
• Aim of the School
  • H istory
• Facilities for Instruction
  • Requirements for Admission and G raduation
• Accreditation
  • State Registration
  • Fees and Expenses
  • Scholarships
  • Health Service
  • Vacations and Absences
  • A ctivities
  • Curriculum
  • Description of Courses
• Administration
  • Faculty
  • Associated with the F a cu lty
  • Students in the School
  • Form of Bequest
    • Ind ex

Calendar

Sept. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec.

Jan. Tan. Feb. Feb. M ay July Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Dec. Dec.

Jan.

Feb. Feb. M ay

July

25 Saturday Registration of freshmen students 28 Tuesday Commencement 12 Tuesday Holiday (except for freshmen): Columbus Day 25 Thursday Holiday: Thanksgiving Day 24 Friday Christmas recess for freshmen students begins 25 Saturday Holiday: Christmas Day

1949 1 Saturday Holiday: N ew Year’s Day 2 Sunday Last day of Christmas recess for freshmen 12 Saturday Holiday: Lincoln’s Birthday 22 Tuesday Holiday: W ashington’s Birthday 30 Monday Holiday: Memorial Day 4 Monday Holiday: Independence Day 5 Monday Holiday: Labor Day 29 Thursday Commencement 1 Saturday Registration of freshmen students 12 Wednesday Holiday (except for freshmen): Columbus Day 24 Thursday Holiday: Thanksgiving Day 24 Saturday Christmas recess for freshmen students begins 26 Monday Holiday: Christmas Day

1950 2 Monday Holiday: New Year’s Day Last day of Christmas recess for freshmen 13 Monday Holiday: Lincoln’s Birthday 22 Wednesday Holiday: W ashington’s Birthday 30 Tuesday Holiday: M emorial Day 4 Tuesday Holiday: Independence Day

Career Opportunities in Nursing

Nursing is one of the vital health services of the world. T here are now more nurses actively engaged in the practice of their profession than ever before, but there is also a greater-than-ever dem and for them, because of the increasing diversity of nursing activities. T h is is a re flection of the growing desire on the part of the public, not only for care during illness, but for the inform ation and the services which w ill help them keep well. Career opportunities are many and varied. T h e scope of activity of the m odern graduate nurse is lim ited only by her preparation, abilities, and interests. H er services may influence the welfare of a single patient, a com m unity, or a nation. T h e well-educated, well-prepared young wom an faces a broad chal lenge. Schools, industry, local and national health agencies are seeking her assistance. Old hospitals are expanding and new ones are being built, w ith daily increasing patient registrations. T h e U nited States Public H ealth Service is reaching out to more and more people; Con gress yearly enacts legislation m aking available additional health facilities to new groups of citizens. V isiting nurse services are m ultiply ing. There can be no doubt that our nation is awake to the fact that the health of its people is one of the most im portant resources of its wealth and power. Nurses must have the understanding and the skill which w ill prepare them to accept the responsibilities which the needs of the nation w ill place upon them.

The Aim of the School of Nursing

T he aim of the School of Nursing is to guide the student in her developm ent as a responsible citizen; to help her secure a good grasp of the principles of bedside nursing, health teaching, and the use of com m unity resources for the care and prevention of illness; to assist her in qualifying for professional practice in first-level positions in any branch of nursing.

History

This School of Nursing was one of the first to be founded in the U nited States; it is seventy-one years old. As early as 1799, Dr. V alentine Seaman, a scholar and prom inent physician, organized a series of lec tures for nurses com bined with a course of practical instruction on the wards. A lthough the theoretical content was meager and the practical instruction not systematically planned, these classes focused attention on the fact that women who had some preparation for their work gave better care to patients than those w ithout instruction. Each year the program was amplified and in 1877 a formal training school for nurses was established “to consist of one teacher and 24 pupils.”

G R O W T H OF T H E N EW YORK H O SPITA L

T he school was for many years an integral part of T h e N ew York H os pital, the second oldest hospital in America m aintained by private en dowment. George the T hird of England granted the H ospital its charter of incorporation on June 13, 1771, under the title of T h e Society of the H ospital in the City of N ew York in America. T his title was changed in 1810 to the present one of T h e Society of the N ew York Hospital. W hile its roots extend far into the past, the H ospital has consistently been sensitive and responsive to the changing needs of the community and to the progress of science. One evidence of this has been the gradual increase in the functions and size of the institution, which has necessitated expansion and re-location to correspond w ith the growth of the city and w ith the increasing scope of knowledge related to health. T h e present site and buildings are the third it has occupied.

SCHOOL BECOMES PA R T OF CO RNELL U N IV E R SIT Y

Just as the Hospital has grown and changed to keep pace with the health needs of society, so too has the program and organization of the School of Nursing been kept flexible and dynamic. T h e first course was eighteen m onths in length. After thirteen years this was increased to twenty-four m onths and in 1896 to three years. It was fitting that in 1942, on the 65th anniversary of the founding of the school, it should have become a part of Cornell University, thus m aking available the resources of two great institutions, each of which has a long history

and a notable record of achievem ent in the fields of education and public welfare. Cornell University received its first endowm ent from the Federal Governm ent’s Educational Land Grant in 1862. T h e appropriation under the M orrill Act was to endow a college “where the leading object shall b e... to teach such branches of learning as are related to agri culture and the mechanical arts.” T his was the beginning of a re markable system of higher education. However, it received its greatest im petus through the vision and generosity of Ezra Cornell, who, under the influence of Andrew D. W hite, his colleague and later the first president, determ ined the form of the new University. In 1864, an agreement was reached with the legislature of N ew York State which resulted in the founding of “a University of a new type.. .an insti tution where any person can find instruction in any study.” T h is com bination of federal, state, and private interests and resources is unique. It gives strength to the organization, broadens the aims and the policies of the University, and extends the influence of its educational ideals. One field of service after another has found preparation for its workers w ithin this great University. In June, 1927, an association be tween the Cornell University M edical College and T h e N ew York H ospital was completed, cem enting the relationship between the two and resulting in 1932 in their joint occupancy of the newly-constructed buildings of T he N ew York Hospital-Cornell M edical Center on the East River between 68th and 71st Streets. Preparation for nursing was first brought under the auspices of the University in July, 1942, when, by agreement between the Trustees of the University and the Gover nors of T h e N ew York H ospital, the School of Nursing, long con ducted by T h e Society of the N ew York Hospital, was made an autono mous school in the University.

Facilities for Instruction

U nusual facilities for learning are available to students in the nursing school. These include class rooms, libraries, laboratories, and instructors’ offices. Some of these are in the teaching unit on the second floor of the Nurses’ residence, w hile others are provided in the hospital and the Cornell University M edical College. T he students’ observation and practice include activities in the clinical departments of the hospital and in the various community agencies of the city.

LARG E LIBRARIES AVAILABLE

T he library of the school contains a wide selection of periodicals on nursing and related fields, including com plete sets of im portant medical and nursing periodicals in bound volumes. It is under the direction of a com m ittee of the faculty. T h e facilities of the library of the medical college are readily accessible and supplem ent those of the nursing school in such a way as to make available unusual resources to both the students and faculty of the school. A librarian is in constant at tendance in both libraries. T h e open-shelf system prevails throughout, thereby perm itting free access to all books. A dditional small libraries are adjacent to the nursing conference rooms on the H ospital floors in all departments. Through the N ew York Public Library, valuable sup plementary sociological materials are placed at the disposal of in structors and students as needed.

W IDE EXPERIENCE G AINED IN CLINICS

T he clinical facilities of T he N ew York Hospital are unsurpassed for the care and study of patients. T h e H ospital was planned to be composed of five University clinics, largely self-contained. Each of these is provided not only w ith facilities adequate in every way for medical practice both for in-patients and out-patients, but also w ith facilities for teaching and for the conduct of research. An unusual number of specialized clinical services are therefore available which are seldom found w ithin a single organization. T h e Hospital has a capacity of over one thousand beds and during the past year 26,128 patients were admitted. T h e conduct of research in all clinical departments gives the student nurse an opportunity to become increasingly aware of the

part which the nurse must be prepared to play in research projects. A uthenticity of the findings in such studies depends in no small degree on the accuracy w ith which the nurse carries out tests and procedures, observes and records reactions. T h e M edical and Surgical Departments include, in addition to general m edicine and surgery, pavilions devoted to the specialties of urology, com m unicable disease (including tuberculosis), eye, ear, nose, and throat disorders, medical neurology, emergencies, and metabolism. T h e W om an’s Clinic has a capacity of 190 adults and 121 newborns and provides for obstetric and gynecological patients. During the past year 4,870 deliveries took place in this clinic. T he Departm ent of Pediatrics includes 90 beds w ith separate floors for the care of infants, children, and premature babies. Facilities for the recreation of convalescent children offer opportunities for the student of nursing to study the developm ent and guidance of con valescent as well as sick children. There is a nursery school w ithin this Departm ent. Here the student works w ith and observes the develop m ent of the normal child, and is thus better able to evaluate deviations from the normal which may accompany illness. T h e Payne W hitney Clinic for psychiatric care has a bed capacity of 110 patients and offers participation in hydrotherapy, occupational and recreational therapy as part of the experience in the care of the m entally ill. T he close connection between the psychiatric medical staff and the medical staffs of the other clinical departments, on a con sultation basis, gives the student an opportunity to study the m ental m anifestations of illness throughout her experience in the H ospital.

O U T -P A T IE N T SERVICES

T h e Out-Patient Departm ent of the H ospital provides excellent opportunity for the study of ambulatory patients on all services. Last year there were 296,755 visits to this Departm ent, an average of 1009 patients each clinic day. T h e Out-Patient Departm ent gives oppor tunity for participation in the consultation service for expectant mothers, mothers’ classes, family studies, nutrition conferences, special aspects of the treatment and follow-up on venereal diseases and many other activities related to the care of ambulatory patients.

PUBLIC H E A L T H A FFIL IA T IO N S

Cooperation with the V isiting Nurse Service of N ew York, the D e partment of Educational N ursing of the Com m unity Service Society of N ew York and other com m unity agencies, affords experience in the nursing care and health teaching of patients in their homes. T h e Kips Bay-Yorkville H ealth Center, the Lenox H ill N eighborhood House,

The Hobby Shop in the Nurses’ Residence encourages spare-time activities.

Students attend class in psychiatry.

and the Guggenheim Dental Clinic, all located w ithin two blocks of the Hospital, offer convenient opportunity for student observations of community health programs. T h e Social Service Departm ent of T h e N ew York H ospital partici pates in the nursing course through the integration of social service in the program of study.

Requirements for

Admission and Graduation

REQUIREM ENTS FOR ADMISSION

All students enter the School of Nursing on the recom m endation of the faculty Committee on Admissions which reviews all applications. Since nursing requires women of integrity, of high intelligence, and with a deep interest in public service, those candidates are selected whose credentials indicate high rank in scholarship, personal fitness for nursing, maturity, and good general health.

AGE A N D H E A L T H R EQ U IR E M EN T S

As each applicant is considered in the light of her total qualifications, there are no definite age lim its. In general, however, it is expected that applicants w ill fall w ithin the range of 18 to 35 years. T h e results of a complete physical exam ination as well as those of a dental exam ina tion must be subm itted at the time of application. Inoculation against typhoid fever and vaccination against sm allpox w ill be required of all students before admission to the school.

ED U C A T IO N A L R EQ UISITES

T h e m inim um educational requisites for admission are satisfactory com pletion of at least two years of college (60 semester hours exclusive of physical education). T h e applicant may have taken her college work at Cornell University, Ithaca, N ew York, or at any university or senior or junior college accredited by the Association of American Universities or by one of the regional associations of colleges and secondary schools. It is not necessary for the work of these two years to be part of a designated “Nursing” or “Pre-Nursing” course. Excellent preparation is possible through other programs of study, such as Liberal Arts or H om e Economics. Because the work of the nurse requires that she have an understand ing of hum an reactions and of social factors influencing com m unity development, that she be able to express herself well and participate in community planning for nursing services, it is im portant that she obtain a sound background in history, psychology, and other social

sciences, as well as in literature, English, and foreign languages. W ith the exception of psychology, indicated below, specific requirements in these subjects are not laid down because a variety of satisfactory com binations can be accepted. A sound two-year liberal arts program serves as the best foundation on which to build all professional advancement. Physical sciences are im portant in the preparation for admission, but should not be taken at the expense of the subjects referred to above. Obviously, the young woman who can devote more than two years to her liberal arts preparation has more leeway to include several science courses in her college work as well as further general academic courses. Unquestionably this would be desirable in preparation for many po sitions in the field of nursing. In addition to the academic and health requirements, consideration will be given to the applicant’s personal fitness for nursing.

C R ED IT R EQ U IR E M EN T S

A ll applicants are required to have com pleted college courses in the following physical and social sciences before admission to the School of Nursing: Chefnistry (including laboratory) ................................. 6 credit hours Biological science (including laboratory) ................ 6 credit hours Psychology ................................................................................ 3 credit hours Beginning with the class entering the School of Nursing in September 1950, the follow ing policy w ill become effective:

1. Hum an Anatomy, Physiology, and Bacteriology w ill not be accepted as fulfilling the 6-hour credit required in biological science.
2. N ot more than 12 hours of biological science w ill be counted toward m eeting the 60 credit hours required for admission. Prior to 1950, specifications (1) and (2) above should be followed whenever possible. In general, the principle applies that those courses given w ithin the School of Nursing cannot be credited toward m eeting admission requirements, because there is no allowance w ithin the professional curriculum for electives.

APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION

A blank for formal application for admission to the School of Nurs ing, containing full instructions, may be obtained by returning the form at the back of this bulletin to the Dean of the Cornell University- N ew York H ospital School of Nursing, 525 East Sixty-eighth Street, N ew York 21, N. Y. As one measure of suitability for nursing, certain

psychometric tests are required before admission. T h e applicant is asked to m eet the charge of approxim ately $5.00 for these tests. Arrangements for a personal interview w ill be made w ith the appli cant whose record shows promise of m eeting the requirements of the school. She w ill m eet w ith a member of the Com m ittee on Admissions of the school in N ew York, or if this is not practicable, with an alumna or other qualified person designated by the com m ittee and living in the vicinity of the applicant. Candidates for admission must make a deposit of $25.00 upon noti fication of acceptance to the school. T h e full am ount is credited toward fees payable at registration. T h e deposit is not refundable if the candi date withdraws her application. It is desirable that prospective applicants enroll w ith the school as early as possible, so that they may receive assistance in planning their program s in high school and college to gain the best possible educa tional background preparatory to entering the School of N ursing. Applications w ill be accepted as long as there are vacancies in the entering class. T o be assured consideration, however, formal applica tion should be made during the second term of the first college year, if the applicant plans to enter this school after her second college year. W hen all reports are in for work com pleted during the first college year, the applicant w ill be accepted, pending satisfactory fu l fillment of all requirements.

REQUIREM ENTS FOR

PROM OTION AND GRADUATION

T h e established system of grading is a scale of F to A, w ith D as the lowest passing grade. An average of C for a given term is required for prom otion w ithout condition. A grade of C is required in the courses Nursing Arts I, Nursing Arts II, Pharmacology I. A grade be low C in any clinical field of nursing practice or a term average which is less than C places a student on warning. T his must be rem oved by the end of the next term to insure further prom otion. A student on warning is ineligible to hold office in student organizations. A grade of I (Incomplete) is assigned if the work of a course is not com pleted because of illness or unavoidable absence and if, in the judgm ent of the instructor, the student has shown evidence that she can com plete the course satisfactorily in a reasonable length of tim e. An F (Failure) in any given subject may necessitate withdrawal from the school unless the student’s scholarship is exceptional in other re spects, in which case repetition of the course may be recom m ended by the instructor, when the course is available. N o more than one re-examination w ill be perm itted in the case of

failure in the midterm and/or final exam ination in a course, and only upon the recommendation of the instructor and approval by the Dean. In case a re-examination is perm itted it is the responsibility of the student to arrange with the instructor for a plan of study preparatory to it. A charge of $2.00 w ill be made for each re-examination. A cumulative average of C for three years’ work is required for graduation. T h e school reserves the privilege of retaining in the school only those students who, in the judgm ent of the faculty, satisfy the requirements of scholarship, health, and personal suitability for the nursing profession.

ADVANCED STANDING

A student who has received her baccalaureate degree before admission may apply for a reduction in total time in clinical experience, thus reducing her time in the school by two to four months. A n average of B in theory and in practice throughout the course is necessary for favor able consideration. Exem ption must be requested during the last term of the second year.

DEGREE AND DIPLOMA

T h e degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing w ill be granted by Cornell University and a diplom a in nursing by T h e N ew York H os pital, upon recom m endation of the faculty of the School of Nursing, to candidates who have com pleted satisfactorily the prescribed course in nursing.

Accreditation of the School

This school is accredited by the N ew York State Departm ent of Education and by the National League of Nursing Education. It is also an active member of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Nursing.

State Registration for Graduates

Graduates are eligible for admission to the exam ination for licensure administered by the Regents of the State of N ew York and are expected to take such an exam ination im m ediately upon com pletion of the course. In N ew York citizenship, or declared intention of becom ing a citizen, is required. If citizenship is not com pleted w ithin seven years from the declaration of intention, state licensure is revoked. If she prefers, the graduate may take State Board exam inations in the state where she expects to practice rather than in N ew York State. Graduates are urged to take State Board exam inations in N ew York State rather than in another state to avoid difficulties should they wish to practice in N ew York State at a future date.

Fees and Expenses

Fees and other expenses which must be met by the student are as follows:

First Second Third FEES (Effective Oct. 1949) Year Year^ Year^ Total Matriculation ................................................. $ 10.00 $ 10. Tuition ........................................................... 200.00^ $150.00^ $100.00^ 450. Public Health Affiliation ........................... 60.00^ 60. Laboratory ..................................................... 30.00 30. Library ........................................................... 3.00 3.00 3.00 9. Health ........................................................... 12.00 12.00 12.00 36. Graduation ................................................... 25.00^ 25. Student Organization ................................... 5.25 5.25 5.25^ • 15.

$260.25 $170.25 $205.25 $635. OTHER EXPENSES (Subject to variation) Aprons and accessories of uniforms ........ $ 34.00^ $ 34. Uniform shoes ............................................... 12.90 $ 12.90 25. Uniform sweater ........................................... 5.00 5. Uniform cape (optional) ............................... 17.60^ 17. Gymnasium suit ........................................... 11.00^ 11. Books, keys, bandage scissors, and miscellaneous (approx.) ........................... 40.00 $ 5.00 5.00 50. Rental laboratory coat ............................... 1.00 1. Rental public health u n ifo rm .................. 5.00^ 5. Miscellaneous expenses in connection with field trips, etc ...................................... 2.00 2.00 30.00 34.

$123.50 $ 7.00 $ 52.90 $183. TOTAL FEES AND EXPENSES .......... $383.75 $177.25 $258.15 $819.

METHOD OF PAYMENT

U pon acceptance for admission a deposit of $25.00 is required. T his is credited toward the tuition for the first year but is not refundable if the application is withdrawn. T h e $200.00 tuition for the first year is pay able as follows: $25.00 upon acceptance, $125.00 at registration, and $50.00 at the beginning of the second term. Other first-year fees are pay able at registration. Students w ill be billed for second and third year fees at the beginning

of each year. An exception is the fee for graduation which is payable at the beginning of the third term of the third year and is refundable if the student is not graduated. T h e student organization fee is payable to the class treasurer. T h e school reserves the right to change its fees as necessary to conform with econom ic trends. N one of the articles listed under “Other Expenses” should be ob tained before admission to the school. Uniform accessories, shoes, and sweater w ill be ordered after registration and are paid for upon de livery. Estimated expenses for books include approxim ately $10.00 for optional purchases. A list of necessary personal equipm ent and the fees payable on registration day w ill be sent to each student when ac cepted for admission.

M AINTENANCE

T he student receives full m aintenance (room, board, and laundry) without cost except during the public health affiliation when she may have to purchase luncheon in the district to which she is assigned. T h e necessary dresses (except the public health uniform ) and caps are pro vided w ithout charge. Items of the uniform for which the student pays are listed under “Other Expenses.” In case of illness, lim ited infirmary and hospital care is provided without cost. (See “H ealth Service”)

SCHOLARSHIPS AND FINANCIAL AID

FU N D OF T H E C O M M ITTEE FO R SCH OLARSH IPS

T h e Committee for Scholarships for the Cornell University-New York Hospital School of Nursing, a newly-organized group of lay women, has made available a lim ited number of scholarships to enter ing students on the basis of all-round good record as indicated by academic work, participation in school or com m unity activities, special abilities and personal qualities indicating promise. AH students apply ing for admission are considered for these scholarships, but students who are interested are encouraged to so indicate in their applications for admission. Scholarships are awarded by the Executive Faculty on the recom m endation of the Admissions Committee.

A few scholarships are available to second and third year students and are awarded on the basis of good scholastic standing and need for financial assistance. A pplication should be made to the Dean of the School at least 2 m onths before the first term of the ensuing year. Awards are made by the Executive Faculty on recom m endation of the Promotions Committees.

A bridge game in one of the sitting rooms provided on each floor.

W. K. KELLOGG F O U N D A T IO N SCH OLARSH IP FU N D

a n d A R T H U R W ILLIAM S SCH O LARSH IP FU N D

A few scholarships are available to students from these Funds on the same basis as indicated on page 16.

W. K. KELLOGG F O U N D A T IO N LO AN FU N D

Grants not to exceed $200 in any year are available to students on a basis of need, character, and academic achievement. Application should be made to the Dean of the School.

ST U D E N T LO AN FU N D

Loans are available through this fund, after the first term in the school, for those students who show promise in nursing and are in need of financial aid.

LOUISA W A R D N E R SCUDDER FU N D

Income from this fund is used for purposes of recreation or to finance a needed rest or convalescence for one or more students.

IRENE SUTLIFFE SCH OLARSHIP FU N D

T hrough the generosity and foresight of the alumnae of the school and in honor of Irene Sutliffe, the Director of the School from 1886 to 1902, scholarship grants are available to graduates of the school for postgraduate study.

Health Service

Because good health is of the utm ost importance, the school m ain tains a health service under the general direction of a com m ittee of the faculty with a physician appointed to the staff of the school. U pon admission to the school a physical exam ination by the school physician and a chest X-ray are required. Subsequently a chest X-ray is required every six months, and a physical exam ination during each school year. Schick and Dick tests and im m unization for positive reaction to the Schick test w ill be required of all students after admission to the school. M antoux tests w ill be given during the pre-clinical period and for those who are negative w ill be repeated at regular intervals. In addition B. C. G. vaccine is provided to negative reactors. A well-equipped infirmary with necessary staff is m aintained in the Nurses’ Residence. Gratuitous infirmary care for m inor illnesses will be lim ited to four weeks at any one time in the case of all students. For more serious illnesses students w ill be cared for gratuitously in the hospital for not more than two weeks at any one time for the first-year students, and not more than four weeks at any one time for second and third year students. Expenses for special nursing care and special therapies must be borne by the student or her family. All students pay a H ealth Fee totaling $36.00 during the three years. T his fee covers exam inations, im m unizations, and care in the H ospital and Infirmary, as referred to above. Only emergency surgery is included. T his is defined as surgical procedures which in the opinion of the school physician or a consulting surgeon of T h e N ew York Hospital staff, are necessary for the im m ediate welfare and safety of the student. T he fee does not include surgery for the correction of chronic rem edial defects. If in the opinion of the school authorities, the condition of a stu dent’s health makes it unwise for her to remain in the school, she may be required to withdraw, either temporarily or permanently, at any time.

Vacations and Absences

A vacation of four weeks is given in each of the first two years and three weeks in the third. Students who have an exem ption of time are not granted a vacation in the third year. A ll vacations are arranged to conform to the requirements of the educational program. As a result of absences the repetition of a course of study or special exam inations may be required, class registration may be changed and in necessary instances nursing practice w ill have to be made up.

Activities

RESIDENCE FACILITIES

Students live in the Nurses’ Residence, a sixteen-story fireproof building adjacent to the hospital. Every effort has been made in the construction and equipm ent of the residence to provide for the normal and healthy life of students and staff. Comfortable lounges, reading, reception, and dining rooms are lo cated on the first and ground floors. Students have attractively furnished single rooms w ith running water and each of the eight student floors is equipped with ample baths, showers, and toilet facilities, a laundry, and a common sitting room with adjoining kitchenette for informal gatherings.

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

Believing that the education of young wom en today must include healthful social relationships, generous provision for this developm ent in the life of the student has been made. An excellent browsing library of fiction and biography includes both current and standard works and many magazines of general interest. A branch of the N ew York Public Library is located w ithin a few blocks of the Hospital. In addition to the ample lounges for informal and formal use, a large, gymnasium-auditorium is located on the first floor of the resi dence. Other game rooms, sun porches, and a hobby room are also available for general use. Students who have had preparation in music

are urged to keep up their interest and participation. Student activities planned jointly w ith the Cornell University M edical College are a regular part of the recreation, and dramatic productions are usually presented once or twice each year. Students are hostesses at O pen House every Sunday evening when friends are welcom ed to games, conversa tion, and refreshments. By arrangement with a nearby school, an indoor swim m ing pool and an additional large gymnasium are regularly available. T hrough the Students’ A thletic Association arrangements are made for joining w ith other schools of nursing in special sports events. Beach equipm ent and an outdoor grill are available through the House Committee. T o insure the full benefit of proper use of these facilities a Residence Director and well-qualified assistants for special activities are in charge. House activities are planned by the House Committee, which is made up of representatives of those living in the Residence, of staff members living out, and of alumnae. Guest rooms are usually available for friends and relatives. T he cultural opportunities of N ew York City are almost lim itless in music, art, ballet, theatre, and libraries. T hrough the House Com m ittee students and graduates enjoy the benefits of such opportunities as membership in the M etropolitan M useum of Art, American M useum of Natural History, M etropolitan Opera Guild, Institute of Arts and Sciences, and the Student and Professional T icket Service. An annual activity fee, paid by students and graduates alike, supports the varied activities. T h e students edit and publish a paper, T he B lue P laidelte, every two months. Each class produces its own yearbook, known as T he Blue Plaid. There are two religious clubs w ith voluntary memberships. Guest speakers and planned forums provide an opportunity for exchange of thought on many problems.

SCHOOL GOVERNM ENT

T h e students take a large share of responsibility for the regulation of their own affairs. A ll belong to the Student Organization which functions w ith the Faculty Committee on Student Affairs in all matters relating to social and professional conduct. As in other parts of the University, one rule governs the conduct of students in the School of Nursing: “A student is expected to show both w ithin and w ithout the School unfailing respect for order, morality, personal honor, and the rights of others.” T h e rule is construed as applicable at all times, in all places, to all students.

COUNSELING SERVICES

T he School maintains active counseling services which are available at all times to any student who needs assistance, either in connection w ith routine matters that may come up in her normal work in the school or in connection w ith special personal problems. T h e Counselor of Students cooperates with the faculty to see that those students who need help on questions of educational program, finances, health, extracurricular activities and the like, are directed to those members of the staff who are best qualified to be of assistance in relation to the particular problem at hand. T he objective of the Counseling program is to make it possible for any student to obtain such guidance as she may require in any phase of her life while in the School of Nursing.

ALUM NAE ASSOCIATION

T h e Cornell University-New York Hospital School of Nursing Alum nae Association, originally the Alum nae Association, of T h e N ew York Hospital School of Nursing, was organized in 1893. It was one of the ten alumnae associations which helped to bring about the na tional professional organization of nurses first known as the Nurses Associated Alum nae of the U nited States and Canada. T h is is now the American Nurses’ Association. In 1945 the Alum nae Association became a part of the Cornell University A lum ni Association. One of the lounges of the Residence is known as the Alum nae Room, and the alum nae meetings and many alumnae functions are held in this room.