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Cosmetology Practice exam 100% GUARANTEED PASS 2024/2025 ANSWERS
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Bacteria one celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics Viruses microorganism capable of infecting almost all plants and animals, including bacteria. Parasites plant or animal organisms that live on, or in, another living organism and draw their nourishment from that organism. Must have a host to survive. Immunity ability of the body to destroy and resist infection Sanitation removing all visible dirt and debris Sterilization complete elimination of all microbial life, including spores. Only necessary when instruments have come in contact with blood. OSHA- Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulates and enforces safety and health standards to protect employees in the work place. MSDS- Material Safety Data Sheet
Information about hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of harm and over exposure, flammability and dada incase of fire, proper disposal guidelines and medical information in case a reaction to product occurs. EPA- Environmental Protection Agency Licenses two types of disinfectants used in salons; Tuberculocidal, and Hospital. Hospital products are safe for cleaning blood and body fluids, Tuberculocidal disinfectants are proven to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, which is more difficult to kill. FDA- Food and drug administration Prohibits sale of antifungal products for finger and toenails without a medical prescription. Universal Precautions a set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens. Cells the basic units of all living thing, from bacteria to plants and animals, and including human beings Protoplasm colorless jelly like substance in cells in which food elements such as protein, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and water are present Nucleus The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. cytoplasm All the protoplasm of a cell that surrounds the nucleus Cell membrane thin, flexible barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell Mitosis
The reproduction process in which cells divide into two identical cells called daughter cells. Metabolism set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes anabolism Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials Catabolism breakdown of more complex substances into simpler ones with release of energy Tissue group of similar cells that perform a particular function Heart Circulates the blood Lungs Supply Oxygen to the blood Skin forms external protective covering of the body Skeletal system the physical foundation of the body. It is composed of 206 bones that vary in size and shame and are connected by moveable and immovable joints. Circulatory system body system consisting of the heart and blood vessels that circulate blood through the body Endocrine system affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the entire body.
Excretory System group of organs including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine and lungs that purify the body by the elimination of waste matter Integumentary System Serves as a protective covering and helps in regulating the body's temperature; consists of skin, accessory organs such as oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails. Muscular System Covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue; also contracts and moves various parts of the body nervous System controls and coordinates all other systems and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently; consists of brain, spinal cord, and nerves. respiratory system system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs Occipital bone hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape. Parietal bones bones that form the sides and top of the cranium Frontal bone forms the forehead Temporal bones bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region ethmoid bone Light spongy bone between the eye sockets and forms part of the nasal cavities.
sphenoid bone joins all of the bones of the cranium together lacrimal bones Small, thin bones located at the front inner wall of the orbits (eye sockets). maxillae bone bones of the upper jaw mandible lower jaw bone turbinal bones thin layers of spongy bone on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression cervical vertebrae The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region. thorax the chest; elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs, and other internal organs scapula either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings ulna the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm radius bone lower arm bone thumb side, next to ulna, only bone in body that can twist round another w/o breaking carpus
the wrist; flexible joint composed of a group of eight small irregular bones held together by ligaments phalanges bones of the fingers and toes Origin Part of the muscle that does not move and is attached to the skeleton, and is usually part of the skeletal muscle. Insertion part of the muscle at the more movable attachments to the skeleton belly the middle part of the muscle corrugator muscle Muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi that draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically orbicularis oculi muscle ring muscle of the eye socket; enables you to close your eyes procerus muscle Muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose. latissimus dorsi Broad, Flat superficial muscle covering the back of the neck and upper and middle region of the back. Controls swinging movements of the arm. deltoid
a large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm extensors muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line flexors Extensor muscles of the wrist, involved in bending the wrist pronators muscles that turn the hand inward so that the palm faces downward supinator muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward abductors muscles that separate the fingers adductors muscles at the base of each finger that draw the fingers together fifth cranial nerve largest cranial nerve; cheif sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve of muscles that control chewing. consists of three branches: ophthalmic, mandibular and maxillary blood vascular system consists of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries for the distribution of blood throughout the body lymph vascular system acts as an aid to the blood system and consists of the lymph, lymphatics, and lymph nodes Matter any substance that occupies space and has mass
surfactants substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify hydrophilic means water-loving lipophilic means oil-loving pH scale measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance Conductor any substance that easily transmits electricity direct current electric current that flows only in one direction converter an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current alternating current rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction volt unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor amp unit that measures the amount of an electric current (quantity of electrons flowing through a conductor) milliampere
one thousandth of an ampere ohm The unit of measure of electrical resistance. watt Measurement of how much electric energy is being used in one second kilowatt a unit of power equal to 1000 watts Electrotherapy electronic facial treatments electrode applicator for directing the electric current from machine to clients skin anode Positive electrode cathode Negative electrode Galvanic and Tesla two main modalities used in cosmetology Iontophoresis process of introducing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine Cataphoresis process of forcing acidic substances into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive toward the negative pole
Anaphoresis process of forcing liquids into the tissues from the negative toward the positive pole Desincrustation process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and backheads in the hair follicles Infrared rays invisible rays that have longer wavelengths, penetrate deeper, and produce more heat than visible light Visible light Rays that are the primary source of light used in facial and scalp treatments Catalyst used to make reactions happen more quickly Trichology the scientific study of the hair, it's deseases, and its care is follicle tube like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contain the hair root hair bulb lowest part of a hair strand, the thickened club shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root dermal papilla small cone shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb arrector pili tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect sebaceous glands
oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles cuticle outermost layer of the hair cortex middle layer of the hair medulla innermost layer of the hair Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur the 5 main elements that make up the human hair polypeptide chains a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds (makes up the cortex); cross-linked by 3 different types of side bonds (hydrogen, salt, and disulfide bonds) which hold keratin fibers in place hydrogen bond a weak physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat. salt bond another weak side bond that is easily broken by strong alkaline or acidic solutions disulfide bond Strongest bond that can only be broken by chemicals Melanin tiny grains of pigment in hair and skin eumelanin Melanin that give brown and black color to hair
pheomelanin melanin that provides natural hair colors from red and ginger to yellow/blond tones texture thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand density measures the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch porosity ability of the hair to absorb moisture elasticity ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking vellus hair non-pigmented hair that is short, fine and downy terminal hair long hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies anagen phase of hair that is known as the growth phase, new hair is produced catagen phase that is the brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of the hair telogen phase that is also known as the resting phase and is the final phase in the hair cycle and lasts until the the fully grown hair is shed alopecia
abnormal hair loss androgenic alopecia hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair which is converted to vellus hair alopecia areata the sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots may occur on the scalp or elsewhere on the body postpartum alopecia temporary hair loss experienced at the conclusion of a pregnancy canities technical term for gray hair hypertrichosis condition of abnormal hair growth, characterized by the growth of teminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair trichoptilosis technical term for split ends trichorrhexis nodosa knotted hair, characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft monilethrix technical term for beaded hair fragilitas cranium technical term for brittle hair Pityriasis technical term for dandruff; characterized by excessive production and accumulation of skin cells.
Pityriasis capitis simples Is the technical term for classic dandruff characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and an itchy scalp. Tinea medical term for ringworm, a contagious condition caused by fungal infection Tinea Capitis fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots at the opening of hair follicles Tinea favosa fungal infection characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crusts on the scalp, called scatula scabies a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite pediculosis capitis infestation of the scalp with lice furnucle boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle carbuncle Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci; similar to a furuncle but larger. Line form and space, creates the shape, design, and movement of a hairstyle Form mass or general outline of a hairstyle space
area surrounding the form design texture refers to wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style for your client Horizontal Lines that create width Vertical Lines that create length and height Diagonal Lines that are positioned between horizontal and vertical Curved Lines that soften a design Volume Light colors and warm colors create this illusion Oval Facial contour that is about 1 1/2 times linger thant its width across the brow Round Facial contour that has a round hairline and round chin; wide face Square Facial contour that is wide at the temples, narrow at the middle third of the face, and squared off at the jaw. Triangular Facial contour that has a narrow forehead, wide jaw, and chin line
Oblong Facial contour that is long, narrow, with hollow cheeks Diamond Facial contour that is narrow at the forehead, extreme width through the cheekbones and narrow at the chin. Inverted triangle Facial contour that is wide at the forehead and narrow at the chin Straight the "ideal" facial profile Convex Facial profile that curves outward Concave facial profile that curves inward Proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and harmony 5 important principles in art and design Reference points points on the head mark where the surface of the head changes, such as the ears, jaw line, occipital bone, or apex Parietal ridge widest area of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown Occipital bone Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull Apex
Highest point on the top of the head Crown area between the apex and the back of the parietal ridge. Nape area at the back part of the neck and consists of the hair below the occipital bone Bang/Fringe area that is a triangular section that begins at the apex and ends at the front corners Elevation the angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held graduation created by elevation; creates layers Guideline section of the hair that determines the length the hair will be cut stationary guideline guideline that does not move traveling guideline guideline that moves Texture, Density, porosity, elasticity, growth pattern 5 characteristics to look for during a hair analysis Blunt one-length haircut slide cutting
method of cutting or thinning the hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length scissor over comb technique that involves holding the comb in place while using the tips of the shears to remove length Notching a more aggressive, version of point cutting. Creates a chunkier effect. slithering the process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears slicing technique that removes bulk and adds movement through the lengths of the hair carving the version of slicing that creates a visual separation in the hair Base, Stem, Curl Parts of a curl Ammonium thioglycolate the active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents glyceryl monothioglycolate the primary reducing agent in all acid waves exothermic waves chemical waving reaction that produces heat endothermic waves chemical waving reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings
thio neutralization stops the action of the waving solution, and rebuilds that hair into its new form epidermis The outer layer of the skin basal cell layer also known as the stratum germinativum layer; the deepest, live layer of the epidermis that produces new epidermal skin cells and is responsible for growth. melanocytes cells that contain melanin - give skin color stratum spinosum Spiny layer, just above the basal cell layer. Causes skin to shed stratum granulosum granular layer, consists of cells that look like distinct granules; these are almost dead and pushed to the surface to shed stratum lucidum clear, transparent layer just under the skin surface stratum corneum horny layer, the outer layer of the epidermis dermis the underlying or inner layer of the skin papillary layer outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis reticular layer
the deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients bulla blister containing a watery fluid cyst a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure, Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin. macule a patch of skin that is discolored but not usually elevated papule Pimple; small circumscribed elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus. pustule a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus tubercle Abnormal rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin; larger than a papule. tumor an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose vesicle Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis. wheal Itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours; caused by a blow, the bite of an insect, urticaria, or the sting of a nettle. Nail bed portion of the skin that the nail plate sits on
bed epithelium thin layer of tissue between the nail plate and the nail bed matrix where the natural nail is formed lunula visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin nail plate The most visible and functional part of the nail module free edge part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe cuticle dead colorless tissue attached to the nail plate eponychium living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area. hyponychium thickened stratum corneum of the epidermis that lies underneath the free edge of the nail Nail wraps nail enhancements made by using nail-size pieces of cloth or paper Polymerization a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer or polymeric compound