COSMETOLOGY STATE BOARD EXAM 2024-2025, Exams of Nursing

Download COSMETOLOGY STATE BOARD EXAM 2024-2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 | P a g e COSMETOLOGY STATE BOARD EXAM 2024-2025 WITH ACTUAL CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+|NEWEST|GUARANTEED PASS|LATEST UPDATE Which pin curls are fastened to the head in a standing position to create height in the hair design? Cascade curls What is the panel of hair on which the roller is placed? Base How is the hair wrapped around the roller to create curls in the hair? With two and a half turns Rollers should be placed ___ in a roller set where the least amount of volume is desired. Completely off the base An ___ is the point where curls of opposite direction meet, forming a recessed area. Indentation ___ rollers are used only on dry hair because using them on wet hair will snag and pull the hair. Velcro Backcombing, also known as ___, ratting, matting, or French lacing, involves combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp, causing shorter hair to mat at the scalp and form a cushion or base. Teasing 2 | P a g e Backbrushing, also known as ___, is used to build a soft cushion or to mesh two or more curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb out. Ruffing What styling technique is used to keep curly hair smooth and straight while retaining its shape? Wrapping What technique of drying and styling damp hair in one operation has revolutionized the hairstyling world? Blowdry styling What nozzle attachment of a blowdryer directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely? Concentrator What blowdryer attachment is used to accentuate or keep textural definition by allowing the air to flow more softly? Diffuser Which brushes are used to blowdry precision haircuts where little or no volume is desired? Classic styling brushes What are the large, flat brushes with staggered pin patterns that are used for mid- to longer- hair length? Paddle brushes Grooming brushes that add polish and shine to the hair have a bristle mixture consisting of ___. Boar and nylon Styling foam, a light, airy, whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam, is also called ___. Mouse ___, also known as texturizers, are styling products that are lighter and less viscous than firm- hold gels, making them ideal to use for easy styling, defining, and molding. Liquid gels ___, also known as serum, adds gloss and sheen to the hair while creating textural definition. Silicone What is the most widely used hairstyling product? 5 | P a g e The market for products and services related to ___ has expanded to every consumer group, from baby boomers with fine and thinning hair, to young trendsetters, to celebrities. Faux hair Human hair burns ___, giving off a distinct odor. Slowly When testing synthetic hair or fibers by burning, the hair will either ball up and melt, or burn ___. Quickly with slight or no odor One disadvantage of using human hair is the hair's reaction to ___. Humidity Top- of- the line synthetic hair, like ___, simulate protein- rich hair with a natural, lustrous look and feel. Kanekalon Synthetic hair has a great value, is very realistic, and ___ human hair. Is less expensive than Most commercially- used human hair comes from ___. India and Asia Hair that is arranged so that the cuticles of all hair strands move in the same direction (down) is called ___. Turned hair Hair in which the root end of every single strand is sewn into the base is called ___. Remi hair A ___ can be defined as an artificial covering for the head consists of a network of interwoven hair and completely covers the client's hair. Wig What is a small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head, or a hair attachment of some sort? Hairpiece Capless wigs are more popular than cap wigs as they are ready- to- wear and ___. Less expensive Capless wigs are made by weaving human or artificial hair into ___, which are long strips of hair with a threaded edge. Wefts 6 | P a g e What is the wig type recommended for a client with no hair or extremely thing hair? Cap wig What hairpiece is made by interesting individual strands of hair into mesh foundations and knotting them with a needle? Hand- Knotted wig What type of hairpiece has a natural, realistic look, are wonderful for styling, and most closely resemble actual human hair growth with flexibility at the roots? Hand- knotted What type of hairpiece is constructed with a combination of synthetic hair and hand- tied human hair? Semi-hand- tied wig What type of hairpiece is made by feeding wefts through a sewing machine, then stitching them together to form the base and shape of the wig? Machine- made wigs What is the least expensive wig option? Machine- made A ___ is a head- shaped form, usually made of canvas- covered cork or styrofoam, on which the wig is secured for fitting, coloring, and sometimes styling. Block Today, most wigs are cut and finished on ___, and then cleaned and stored on a drying rack. The client To achieve a natural look when cutting a wig, the ends should be ___. Tapered When using heat on human hair wigs, the temperature setting on the styling tool should be ___. Low When styling a wig without a natural- looking hairline or a lace front, you should soften the hairline by ___. Backcombing around the hairline When cleaning a wig, follow the manufacturer's directions and select a shampoo that is ___. 7 | P a g e Gentle When cleaning a wig made o human hair, you should also ___. Condition it All synthetic hair colors used on wigs and hairpieces are standardized according to the hair color ring used by manufacturers, which contains ___. 70 colors Prior to a full- color application to a wig or hairpiece, it is recommended to perform a ___. Strand test A ___ hairpiece has openings in the base, through which the client's own hair is pulled to blend with the ( natural or synthetic) hair of the hairpiece. Integration A small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head is called a ___. Toupee ___ are secured to the base of the client's natural hair in order to add length, volume, texture, or color, and can be created from human hair, synthetic hair, or a blend of the two. Hair extensions In what method are hair extensions secured to the client's own hair by sewing braids or a weft onto an on- the- scalp braid or cornrow, sometimes called the track? Braid- and- sew method In the braid- and- sew method of hair extensions, the angle of the track determines ___. How the hair will fall The needle that is used to sew extensions onto a track should be a blunt, custom- designed needle, either ___. Straight or curved A simple, quick stitch that can be used to secure the entire length of a weft to a track is the ___. Overcast stitch What technique involves attaching hair wefts or single strands with adhesive or glue? Bonding The method of attaching extensions to a client's own hair with a bonding material and heat from a special tool is called ___. Fusion- bonding 10 | P a g e A light, soft extension material that does not reflect light and gives the braid a matte finish is ___. Yarn An imported wool fiber available in black or brown with a matte finish that is used in hair extensions is ___. Lin What strong extension material comes from the domestic ox found in the mountains of Tibet and central Asia? Yak ___ is best braided slightly damp or very lightly coated with wax or pomade to make it more pliable. Straight, resistant hair Blowdrying to prepare the hair for braiding softens textured hair, stretches the hair shaft length, and ___. Elongates a wave pattern The ___ braid is a three- strand braid that is created with an underhand, or plaiting, technique. Visible The invisible braid, also known as the ___ braid, is a three- strand braid that is produced with an overhand technique, or overlapping the strands of hair. Inverted A ___ braid is created with two strands that are twisted around each other. Rope What is a simple two- strand braid in which the hair is picked up from the sides and added to strands as they are crossed over each other? Fishtail The terms single braids, box braids, or individual braids all refer to ___. Free- hanging braids ___, also known as canerows, are narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to the scalp and are created with a three- strand, on- the- scalp braiding technique. Cornrows 11 | P a g e What method of applying extensions to cornrows or individual braids allows them to look natural, last longer, and not place excessive tension on the hair line? Feed- in method The traditional cornrow is flat, natural, and contoured to the ___. Scalp Most braided styles are appropriate for ___. Oval face shapes ___ braiding is a newer way to add hair for a longer look by braiding or cornrow braiding along with the hair extensions, so that the finished look shows mostly faux hair. Tree A ___ set is a two- part set that can be done on natural hair, transitional hair, twists, extensions, weaves, wigs, and locks. Twist Which term refers to separate networks of curl, textured hair that have been intertwined and meshed together? Locks The method of locking where portions of hair are placed between the palms of both hands and rolled in a clockwise or counterclockwise directions is called ___. Palm roll A professional ___ is responsible for educating clients about at- home maintenance and styling options for their hair. Hairstylist What process shapes and directs the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers, combs, and finger-waving lotion, and was the rage in the 1920s and 1930s? Finger waving What substance, also known as liquid gel, makes the hair pliable enough to keep it in place during the finger- waving procedure? Finger- waving lotion ___ curls serve as a basis for patterns, lines, waves, curls, and rolls that are used in a wide range of hairstylists and can be used on all types of hair, including straight, permanent waved, or naturally curly hair. Pin 12 | P a g e The ___ is the stationary (non moving) foundation of the curl, on the area closest to the scalp. Base What section of the pin curl lies between the base and first arc (turn) of the circle that gives the curl its direction and movement, and determines the amount of mobility or movement in a section of hair? Stem What type of curl is placed directly on the base of the curl and produces a tight, firm, long- lasting curl and allows minimum mobility? No- stem curl What type of curl is placed completely off base and allows for the greatest mobility? Full- stem curl A ___ is a section of hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls. Shaping What are the pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls? Open-center curls Which pin curls produce waves that get smaller in size toward the end? Closed- center curls The terms ___ and ___ curls are used to describe the direction of pin curls. Clockwise; counterclockwise ___ base pin curls are usually recommended at the side front hairline for a smooth, upswept effect. Rectangular What pin curl base is recommended for use along the front hairline to prevent splits or breaks in the finished style? Triangular base What is the most commonly shaped pin curl base? Arc base Arc base pin curls are also known as half- moon or ___ base curls. 15 | P a g e Thermal ___ irons with straight edges are used to create smooth, straight, styles- even on very curl hair. Flat The edge of a flat iron that is nearest to the stylist is called the ___. Inner edge Combs that are used for thermal curling should be made of ___. Hard rubber The correct temperature setting of the iron for thermal curling is determined by the ___. Texture of the hair As a rule of thumb, coarse and gray hair can withstand more heat than ___. Conditioned hair What type of curls are suitable for one length hair? Spiral curls ___ curls provide maximum lift or volume, since the curl is placed very high on its base. Volume- base When creating full- base curls, the hair should be held with medium tension at a ___. 125 degree angle Placed completely off their base, ___ curls offer a curl option with only slight lift and volume. Off- base What process involves temporarily straightening extremely curly hair by means of a heated comb? Hair pressing What hair pressing process removes 50 to 60 percent of the curl? Soft press What hair type is very resistant to hair pressing and requires more heat and pressure? Wiry/ curly When the client's scalp is classified as flexible, remember to ___ to press the hair satisfactorily. Use enough tension Good- quality pressing combs are constructed of either ___. Stainless steel or brass 16 | P a g e Pressing combs with less space between the teeth produce a ___. Smooth press It is important to ___ a new brass pressing comb so that it will hold heat evenly along its entire length and provide consistent results. Temper After heating, the temperature of the pressing comb so that it will hold heat evenly along its entire length and provide consistent results. Light paper Carbon buildup can be removed from the metal portion of a pressing comb by immersing the metal portion of the comb in a solution containing ___. Baking soda A ___ sometimes is necessary when the hair becomes curly again due to perspiration, dampness, or other conditions. Touch- up ___ and skin rashes are the two general types of injuries that can occur in a hair pressing. Burns Avoid excessive heat, particularly when pressing ___ hair, to avoid discoloration and breakage. Gray When executing an updo, inspect the shape from every angle to make sure it is ___. Well- balanced and proportioned What true classic hairdo is created out of a simple ponytail that can be simply styled or dressed up? Chignon The twist, also referred to as the French ___, is a classic long hairstyle that is popular in the salon for clients attending formal functions. Pleat The ___ for design are likely yo come from many sources; movies, TV, magazines, videos, even a person on the street- anywhere, at any time. Inspiration The five basic elements of three- dimensional hair design are line, form, space, design texture, and ___. Color 17 | P a g e What element of hair design defines form and space, while creating the shape, design, and movement of a hairstyle? Line Which type of line is used to create width in the hair, extending in the same direction while maintaining a constant distance apart? Horizontal Line The type of line used to create length and height in hair design while making the hair style appear longer and narrower is a ___. Vertical Line ___ lines are positioned between horizontal and vertical lines and are often to emphasize or minimize facial features. Diagonal ___ lines move in a circular or semi- circular direction and are used to soften a design. Curved Curved lines can be placed horizontally, vertically, or diagonally, and are used to create a ___ when repeating in opposite directions. Wave The one- length hairstyle is an example of the use of ___ lines. Single Contrasting lines are horizontal and vertical lines that create a hard edge and form a ___. 90- degree angle What lines are curved and used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines? Transitional lines ___ lines have a definite forward or backward movement. Directional Another name for the three- dimensional volume or mass of a hairstyle that exhibits length, width, and depth is ___. Form 20 | P a g e Medium A client's facial shape is determined by the position and prominence of the ___. Facial bones Which facial shape is 1 1/2 times longer than its width across the brow? Oval face The best styling choice for a client with a round facial type would be one with ___. Volume on the top and volume or length at the sides To offset or round out the square facial type, choose a style that has ___. Volume around the areas between the temples and jaw and added width around the ears The outline of the face, head, and figure seen in a side view is known as the ___. Profile What is considered to be the ideal profile? Straight Profile A ___ profile has a receding forehead and chin. Concave A ___ profile has a prominent forehead and chin, with other features receded inward. Convex Lighter highlights may be used at the temples on a client with a narrow forehead to create the illusion of ___. Width The triangular section of the face that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the front corners is called the ___ area, or fringe area. Bang A curved part is used for a high forehead or ___. Receding hairline ___ back partings are used to create the illusion of width or height in a hairstyle. Diagonal ___ give you the ability to permanently change the hair's natural wave and curl pattern, thereby offering clients a variety of styling options that would not otherwise be possible. Chemical texture services 21 | P a g e Without a through understanding of ___, cosmetologists could damage hair, cause hair loss, and harm their clients and themselves. Chemistry What tough exterior layer of the hair has the purpose of surrounding the inner layers and protecting the hair from damage? Cuticle Which layer of the hair is located directly beneath the cuticle layer and is responsible for the incredible strength and elasticity of human hair? Cortex Which layer of hair is the innermost layer of the hair, and often called the pitch or core of the hair? Medulla The term pH is an abbreviation used for potential ___, and the symbol pH represents the quantity of ___ ions in solution. Hydrogen; Hydrogen The ___ measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance by measuring the quantity of hydrogen ions it contains. pH scale The range of numbers used in the pH scale is 0 to 14 Chemical hair texturizers temporarily raise the pH of the hair to an alkaline state in order to ___. Soften and swell the shaft In the restructuring process, coarse, resistant hair with a strong compact cuticle requires a chemical solution that is ___. Highly alkaline What are the basic building blocks of hair that affect how chemical solutions react? Amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptide chains, keratin proteins, and side bonds Which compounds are made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur? Amino acids Which chemical bonds, also known as end bonds, join amino acids together, end-to-end in long chains, to form a polypeptide chain? Peptide bonds 22 | P a g e What are long, coiled polypeptide chains linked together end-to-end like beads? Keratin proteins The cortex of the hair is made up of millions of polypeptide chains cross- linked by three types of side bonds that are responsible for the elasticity and strength of the hair. These bonds are ___. Disulfide, salt, and hydrogen What chemical side bonds are formed when two sulfur- type chains are joined together? Disulfide bonds Which bonds are relatively weak physical side bonds resulting from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges and are easily broken by changed in pH? Salt bonds Hydrogen bonds are weak physical side bonds that result from an attraction between negative and positive electrical charges and are easily broken by water or heat, but reform as the hair is ___. Dried ___ is a two- step process in which the hair first undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods, and then a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer. Permanent waving What determines the size of the curl in a permanent waving process? The size of the rod In permanent waving, the shape and type of curl are determined by the shape and type of rod and the ___. Wrapping method Once in the cortex, the waving solution breaks the disulfide bonds through a chemical reaction called ___. Reduction In permanent waving, the reduction reaction is due to the addition of ___. Hydrogen What are the most common reducing agents used in permanent waving? Thioglycolic acids 25 | P a g e Double flat wrap The ___ uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the hair strand. Single flat wrap The ___ uses one end paper folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope. Bookend wrap All perm wraps begin by sectioning the hair into ___. Panels In permanent waving, panels of hair are divided into smaller subsections called ___. Base sections ___ refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section and is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped. Base placement Caution should be used with on-base rod placement to avoid addition ___. Stress and tension on hair ___ minimizes stress and tension on the hair. Half off- base placement The angle at which a permanent wave rod is positioned on the head is referred to as ___. Base direction The two methods of wrapping the hair around a perm rod are ___. Spiral and perpendicular In the croquignole method of wrapping, the hair is wound from the ___ in overlapping concentric layers. Ends to the scalp ` In a ___, the hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod. Spiral perm wrap What is another name for the double- rod wrap technique? Piggyback wrap 26 | P a g e The ___, also known as straight set wrap, is a wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and positioned on equal- sized bases. Basic permanent wrap Which wrap utilizes partings and bases throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head? Curvature Permanent wrap Base sections are offset from each other row by row to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair, in which wrapping pattern? Bricklay permanent wrap What is a very effective technique for blending between perm rods with opposite base directions using zigzag partings to divide base areas? Wave technique Chemical services should not be performed if the scalp analysis shows any signs of ___. Abrasions Hair that has been treated with a hydroxide relaxer is unfit for ___ and will not hold a curl. Permanent waving ___, often found in home haircoloring products, leave a coating on the hair that may cause uneven curls, severe discoloration, or hair breakage. Metallic salts What is the process of rearranging the basic structure of curly hair into a straightener or smoother form? Chemical hair relaxing ___ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how the fluid flows. Viscosity ___ combines the use of a thio relaxer with flat ironing Japanese thermal straighteners What is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers? Hydrogen ion Hair that is treated with hydroxide relaxers must not be treated with ___. Thio relaxers Hydroxide relaxers remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond, converting it into a ___. 27 | P a g e Lanthionine bond Which relaxer contains only one component and is used without mixing? Metal hydroxide relaxers Sodium hydroxide relaxers are commonly called ___. Lye- relaxers Which of the following are relaxers often marketed and sold as no mix- no lye relaxers? Potassium hydroxide relaxers Relaxers that contain two components and must be mixed immediately prior to use are ___. Guanidine hydroxide relaxers What is a hydroxide relaxer that does not require the application of a protective base? No- base relaxer The difference in the strength of most chemical hair relaxers is determined by the concentration of ___. Hydroxide During a relaxer strand test, hair that is pressed to the scalp and continues to curl is ___. Insufficiently relaxed Which conditioner contains an acidic pH that restores the hair's natural pH and should be used after a hydroxide relaxer? Normalizing lotion Keratin straightening treatments work by ___ in a semi- permanent manner. Fixing the keratin in place A combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent wrapped on large rods is a ___. Soft curl perm Where should you start the application of the chemical relaxer, often considered the most resistant area? Back of the head Surfaces on the head where the head changes, such as the ears, jawline, and occipital bone, are referred to as ___. Reference points Reference points in a haircut are used to establish ___. Design lines 30 | P a g e 0 When the hair is elevated ___, you are building weight in a haircut. Below 90 degrees What hair type requires less elevation and should be left a bit longer when cutting because of shrinkage as it dries? Curly hair ___ occurs when the hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying. Shrinkage The angle at which the fingers are held when cutting the line that creates the shape is referred to as the ___. Cutting line A ___, also known as a guide, is a subsection of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut, and is usually the first section cut when creating a shape. Guideline Which guideline is used in a blunt, one- length haircut, or used in overdirection to create a length or weight. Stationary Which guideline involves a small slice of a previous subsection that is moved to the next position and becomes the new guideline? Traveling guide What technique should be used to create a length increase in the design of graduated and layered haircuts? Overdirection If you want hair to be longer toward the front on a layered haircut, overdirect the section to a stationary guide at the ___. Back of the ears A ___ is a conversation between you and your client when you find out what the client is looking for, offer suggestions and professional advice, and come to a joint decision about the most suitable haircut. Client consultation You can begin to make decisions about the best haircut for a client by analyzing his or her ___. Face shape 31 | P a g e A client's ___ is how he or she looks from the side and can be best viewed by pulling the hair away from the face and up and away from the neck. Profile If the hair shrinks when it dries, you will need to cut wet hair ___ than the desired length. l to ) inch Longer The ___ is the direction in which hair grows from the scalp and is also called the natural falling position. Growth pattern Cowlicks and whorls are examples of ___ that will affect where the hair ends up once it is dry, especially in the nape. Growth Patterns You should use the ___ degree of tension when cutting hair with strong growth patterns, or around the ears, to compensate for the hair being pushed up when it dries. Minimum Hair ___ is the number of individual hair strands on 1 square inch of scalp and is usually described as thin, medium, or thick. Density Hair ___ is based on the thickness or diameter of each hair strand, usually classified as coarse, medium, and fine. Texture Which description is most accurate of fine, thin hair? It needs weight and is limp The ___, or the amount of movement in the hair strand, varies from client to client, as well as within the same head of hair. Wave pattern ___ shears, also known as scissors, are mainly used to cut blunt or straight lines in hair, to slide cut, point cut, or to implement other texturizing techniques. Haircutting Which type of shear is used mainly to remove bulk from the hair, and is often referred to as a thinning shear, tapering shear, or notching shear? Texturizing 32 | P a g e Shears that are designed to remove more hair, with larger teeth set farther apart, are known as ___. Notching shears Which type of comb is used mainly to detangle the hair? Wide- tooth comb The comb used for close tapers on the nape and sides, and when using a scissor- over comb technique, is a ___. Barber comb Which three countries are primarily responsible for manufacturing the steel used to make professional shear? Japan, Germany, and the United States The ___ indicates the method of gauging the hardness of the metal (steel) of an individual shear in order to ensure that it maintains a sharp edge for an extended period of time. Rockwell hardness What is the ideal Rockwell hardness of a shear? 56-57 Professional shears are made by either casting or forging steel. Which process is best for ensuring shear durability, ease of adjustment or repair, and highest quality? Forging only A tension in your shears that is too ___ will allow your shears to fold the hair. loose Before purchasing ___, the stylist should inquire about the manufacturing, steel quality, and the right blade edge. Shears The best overall blade edge for a hair stylist is ___, because it will give you the smoothest cut and is the sharpest edge possible. Convex Which type of texture shear adds increased blending? Texturizing When your shear is properly fitted, the thumb hole will rest at or slightly over the ___. Cuticle area of the thumb 35 | P a g e During which period of your business timeline should you focus on adding more locations, expanding the scope of the business ( for ex. adding a spa services), or constructing a larger space? From years five to ten During which period of your business timeline might you move from being a working cosmetologist into a full- time manager of the overall business and to begin planning for your eventual retirement? From years 11-20 When opening a new business, the location selected should reflect your ___. Primary clientele What is a written plan that describes a business a foresees projections for the next five years? Business plan What federal agency requires that the ingredients of cosmetic preparations be available to employees? OSHA Information about the ingredients in cosmetic preparations and other products are included in a ___. SDS A salon that is owned and operated by an individual is referred to as a ___. Individual ownership An individual who determines policies, has the last say in decision making, assumes expenses, receives profits, and bears all losses is the ___. Sole proprietor One reason for entering into a partnership agreement is to have ___. Capital for investment What is one of the best ways for a business owner to protect personal assets? Incorporating Which business structure saves you money in taxes, provides greater business flexibility, and makes raising capital easier? Corporation A stockholder of a corporation is required to pay unemployment insurance taxes on his/her ___. Salary Which section of a business plan includes a long- term picture of what the business is to become and what it will look like when it gets there? 36 | P a g e Vision Statement Which section of the business plan provides a description of the key strategic influences of the business, such as the market it will serve, the kinds of services it will offer, and the quality of those services? Mission statement Which section of the business plan describes the administrative structure of the business? Organizational plan What is a written agreement with a building owner that outlines the responsibilities for repairs and expenses? Lease Good business operations require a simple and efficient ___. Record system Supplies that are used and replaced in the daily business operation are identified as ___. Consumption supplies What should be the primary concern when planning and constructing the physical layout of a salon? Maximum efficiency In order to have a successful business, a top priority in the allotment of funds is to ___. Meet payroll obligations The important job of booking appointments and greeting clients is generally the responsibility of the ___. Receptionist The first and last person who has contact with a client visiting the salon is typically the ___. Receptionist Which promotion method is an example of social media? Photo sharing sites such as Instagram Newspaper or radio ads and charitable events can best be described as forms of ___. Advertising In the cosmetology industry or service industry, putting clients first is ___. Required Which element is central to the salon business for both clients and coworkers? Punctuality 37 | P a g e Katrina is not simply on time for her shifts. She is usually early and well- prepared for her first client of the day. Katrina's behavior is best described as ___. Being punctual Someone who recognizes and resolves difficult situations constructively is a ___. Problem solver Moriah loves to read professional magazines, go to classes offered by famous stylists, and watch online videos of the newest styles and techniques. Her behavior is best described as ___. Being a life- long learner A salon can be thought of as a team environment that requires that you practice and perfect your ___. People skills Francesca is looking forward to a long weekend. Before she leaves work, her manager asks her if she can work on both Friday and Saturday because another cosmetologist has a family emergency. She agrees to do so. Francesca's reaction is best described as ___. Putting others first Who among the following is exemplifying good salon teamwork? Rochelle, who pitches in to fold towels when she is not busy with clients Mica just started a new job and gives shampoos, restocks stations, and works the front desk. She is rarely involved with the newer types of styling that she enjoys the most. How should she respond? Recognize that entry- level jobs often involve performing tasks that might not be her first choice. Azalee finds herself working at a salon that does not have job descriptions. What is the best approach for her to take in this situation? Write a draft job description and share it with her manager. What is the most reliable method of compensation for a new salon professional? Salary Misha gets paid $15 dollars an hour. If he works 40 hours in a week, he is paid $600 before withholding. His pay plan is known as ___. Salary What is compensation that is paid as a direct result of the total amount of service dollars generated for a salon? Commission 40 | P a g e If you encounter a client with any open wounds, reddened scalp irritations, abnormal scalp flaking, or infectious disease, discontinue the service(s) and refer them immediately and tactfully to a(n) ___. Physician To be effective, a shampoo must remove all dirt, oils, cosmetics, and skin debris without ___. Adversely affecting the scalp or hair Hair should be shampooed ___. As often as necessary Maintaining good ___ while shampooing will prevent unnecessary muscle aches, back strain, and fatigue. Posture Hair that has been lightened, colored, permed, chemically relaxed, or processed with a keratin straightener is called ___. Chemically treated Products are classified as either an alkaline solution or an acidic solution by measuring the amount of ___ in the solution. Hydrogen What type of shampoo can leave the hair dry, brittle, porous, and causes fading in colored treated hair? High- ph- shampoo Water is the most abundant and important element on Earth and is classified as a ___. Universal Solvent Fresh water from lakes and streams is purified by ___, in which matter is allowed to sink to the bottom of the collecting reservoir. Sedimentation What is a treatment that passes water through a porous substance, such as charcoal or a filter, for purification purposes? Filtration What chemical is added to fresh water before it enters the public water pipelines for the purpose of providing additional water purification by killing common bacteria? Chlorine What water purification process is used in the manufacture of cosmetics, in which is heated until it becomes a vapor, then collected as a liquid? Distillation 41 | P a g e It is important for the stylist to determine if the local water supply to the salon is ___ because it may affect the outcome of the clients' chemical services. Soft or Hard The main ingredient in most shampoos is ___. Water ___ water has had impurities, such as calcium, magnesium, and other metal ions, removed. Deionized Ingredients in shampoos, as well as other manufactured products, are listed on the packaging according to the percentage of each ingredient or in ___. Descending order The second ingredient listed in most shampoos is the ___, or base detergent, which contains the surface active cleaning agents. Primary surfactant What term describes the water- attracting head of a surfactant molecule? Hydrophilic The lipophilic tail of a surfactant molecule is considered to be ___. Oil- attracting What are the shampoos that help close the hair cuticle and are balanced to the pH of skin and hair by the addition of citric, lactic, or phosphoric acid? pH- balanced shampoos ___ shampoo, also known as moisturizing shampoo, is designed to make the hair appear smoother and shiny and to improve the manageability of the hair. Conditioning What are two conditioning agents that help restore moisture and elasticity to the hair shaft? Protein and Biotin Products that do not remove artificial color from the hair are considered to be ___. Nonstripping ___ shampoos contain special chemicals or drugs that are effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions, and may sometimes be prescribed by a physician. Medicated 42 | P a g e Which type of shampoo, containing an active chelating agent, should be used when a buildup on the hair is evident and prior to all chemical services? Clarifying shampoo What type of shampoo washes away excess oiliness while preventing the hair from drying out? Balancing What type of shampoo, also known as powder shampoo, cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water? Dry ___ shampoos, sometimes called soap-free shampoos, are formulated with little to no alkaline soap base, are compatible with hair and soft water sources, and are known to be sensitive to artificial hair color. Sulfate- free A ___ shampoo is designed to re- balance the pH level of your hair by neutralizing any alkali and unwanted residues in the hair. Neutralizing Shampoos that are created by combing the surfactant base with basic color pigments are called ___. Color- enhancing shampoos What type of shampoo is manufactured with artificial protein molecules added to the base to cling to the natural protein in the hair and give it extra strength? Keratin What special chemical agents are applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore the hair's strength, infuse moisture, give hair body, and protect hair against possible breakage? Conditioners What substances absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture in the hair? Humectants ___ conditioners are products designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within while temporarily reconstructing the hair. Protein Which type of conditioning agent is used after a scalp treatment and before styling to remove oil accumulation from the scalp? 45 | P a g e Keratinized Protein Hair is approximately ___ percent protein. 90 The major elements that make up human hair are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur, often referred to as ___. COHNS elements The units of structure that build protein and are joined together end to end like pop beads are ___. Amino Acids A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds is called a ___ chain. Polypeptide What substances are comprised of long, coiled, complex polypeptides made of amino acids? Proteins The three different types of side bonds that link chains of amino acids together are ___. Hydrogen, Salt, and Disulfide We have an expert-written solution to this problem! A physical side bond that is easily broken by water and heat is a ___ bond. Hydrogen What type of bond is broken by wetting the hair with water and is reformed when the hair dries? Hydrogen Bond A weak, physical, cross- link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains that is broken by changes in pH is a ___ bond. Salt Permanent waving and hair relaxers change the shape of hair by chemically altering the hair's ___. Disulfide Bonds Hydroxide chemical relaxers break disulfide bonds and convert them to ___ bonds. Lanthionine All natural hair color is the result of pigment called ___. 46 | P a g e Melanin The pigment that provides brown or black color to the hair is ___. Eumelanin What pigment in hair provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blond tones? Pheomelanin What term refers to the shape of the hair strand? Wave Pattern What is the cross- section shape of curly hair? Oval Vellus hair is also known as ___ hair. Lanugo What type of hair is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy? Vellus Hair What are the three growth cycles of human hair? Anagen, Catagen, and Telogen What is the growth phase during which new hair is produced? Anagen What is the resting phase or final phase of the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed? Telogen Phase The sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots is known as ___. Alopecia Areata The complete loss of all body hair is known as ___. Alopecia Universalis Temporary hair loss experienced at the end of a pregnancy is called ___. Postpartum Alopecia What is the technical term for gray hair? Canities The condition of abnormal hair growth of terminal hair is referred to as ___. Hypertrichosis 47 | P a g e Trichoptilosis is the technical term for ___. Split Ends What is a condition that is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft? Trichorrhexis Nodosa What is the technical term for bearded hair? Monilethrix What is the technical term for brittle hair? Fragilitas Crinium What is the medical term used to describe dandruff? Pityriasis Current research confirms that dandruff is the result of a fungus called ___. Malassezia What is a severe type of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scalp scales mixed with sebum? Pityriasis Steatoides What severe form of dandruff is accompanied by redness and inflammation? Seborrheic Dermatitis What is the medical term for ringworm? Tinea Tinea is characterized by itching scales and sometimes painful circular lesions and is caused by ___. Fungal Organisms What is a scalp disorder characterized by dry, sulfur yellow, cup- like crusts on the scalp? Tinea Favosa What is a highly contagious skin disease caused by a parasite called a mite? Scabies What term refers to an infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice? Pediculosis Capitis What term refers to an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain? 50 | P a g e Shondra is preparing her resume for a salon position and is struggling with the content in the prior work experience section. All of her previous work has been as a store clerk. What should she do? Emphasize how being a store clerk has enabled her to learn how to deal with all sorts of customers. What is a bound collection of photos and documents that reflect skills and accomplishments in your field? Employment portfolio Dani is putting together her portfolio. Which photographs should she include? Before and after shots showing the services that she has provided When choosing a salon for employment opportunities, it is critical to choose one that ___. Services the type of clients you wish to serve What is the technique of establishing contacts that may eventually lead to employment opportunities? Networking During salon visits, to ensure that all key areas are observed, it is important to develop a ___. Checklist When researching potential employment opportunities, it is important that the stylist make ____. Informed comparisons After your salon visit, it is customary to ___. Send a thank- you note When selecting an interview wardrobe, it is critical that the selection be ___. Appropriate for the position To prepare for questions that may be asked during an employment interview, it is important to ___. Reflect on the answers in advanced Vanya, a single mother of three with a minimum- wage job, is interviewing for salon positions as she finishes up cosmetology school. She is concerned about what she will wear to her job interviews. What is the best advise? Contact a group such as Dress for Success or Wardrobe for opportunity to obtain appropriate clothing. Comparing answers to some of your questions from salon interviews will help you choose ___. The salon that offers the best package of income and career development Padma's class is role- playing for interview practice and she is playing the part of the interviewer. Which question should Padma ask that would be legal for a prospective employer? 51 | P a g e Are you younger than 18 years old? Patti is interviewing for her dream job. The interviewer asks her about the number of children she has. What is the best approach to answering this question? Calmly state that she would prefer to focus on her relevant skills The medical branch of science that deals with the study of the skin, its functions, and diseases is ___. Dermatology About how many years of post- high school education and training are required to become a dermatologist? Twelve The largest organ of the human body is the ___. Skin The average adult skin weighs ____ pounds. 6 to 9 The surface of healthy skin is slightly ___. Acidic Continued pressure on any part of the skin causes it to thicken and develop into a ___. Callus How does the skin of the scalp differ from other skin? The scalp has larger and deeper hair follicles The outermost and thinnest layer of the skin is the ___. Epidermis The Epidermis has ___ layers. Five The layer of skin that is seen and treated by the cosmetologist is the ___. Stratum Corneum 52 | P a g e What is a fibrous protein that is the principal component of hair and nails? Keratin The skin layer in which the shedding of skin cells first begins is the stratum ___. Spinosum The deepest layer of the epidermis, the basal cell layer, is also known as the ___. Stratum Germinativum The statum germinativum is composed of several layers with special cells that produce a dark skin pigment called ___. Melanin What is the name of the special cell in the stratum germinativum, responsible for producing dark skin pigment? Melanocytes The underlying or inner layer of the skin, which is also called the derma corium, cutis, or true skin, is the ___. Dermis The highly sensitive dermis layer is about ___ times thicker that the epidermis. 25 The muscle that causes goose bumps when a person is frightened or cold is the ___. Arrector Pili Muscle The outermost layer of the dermis is the ___ layer. Papillary Small, coned- shaped elevations at the bottom of hair follicles are known as ___. Dermal Papillae The top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis is the ___. Epidermal- Dermal Junction The deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients is the ____. Reticular Layer Fatty tissue found below the dermis is called ___. 55 | P a g e fissures which of the following is a secondary lesion keloid an excessively thick scar resulting from overgrowth or fibrous tissue is known as a __ keloid any thin dry or oily plate of epidermal flakes is known as a ___ scale an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane, accompanied by pus and characterized by loss of skin depth, is a ___ ulcer a hair follicle filled with keratin sebum forms a ___ cornedo a whitehead is also called a ___ closed comedo benign, keratin- filled cysts that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening are ___ milia ___ are keratin- filled cysts that are usually associated with newborns and are commonly founf around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead milia what is a skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands caused from retained secretions acne a ___ is a large protruding pocket- like lesion filled with sebum sebaceous cyst inflammation of the sebaceous glands characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness is called ___ seborrheic dermatitis distended or dilated surface blood vessels are called ___ 56 | P a g e telangiectasias ingestion of ___ foods can aggravate rosacea spicy excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness is ___ hyperhidrosis ___ is a common bacterial infection of the eye conjunctivitis what is a contagious, recurring viral infection characterized by fever blisters or cold sores herpes simplex 1 a noncontagious skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver- white scales found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back is ___ psoriasis congenital hypopigmentation, or absence of melanin pigment of the body, including the skin, hair, and eyes is called ___ albinism ___ is a skin disorder characterized by abnormal light patches leukoderma ____ refers to an abnormal brown or wine- colored skin discoloration with a circular or irregular shape stain a ___ is a small brown or flesh- colored outgrowth of the skin skin tag hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis is a ___ verruca the most common and least severe type of skin cancer is __ basal cell carcinoma what type of skin cancer is often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules squamous cell carcinoma dark, brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised may be a warning sign of ___ malignant melanoma 57 | P a g e the american cancer society recommends using a checklist to recognize potential skin cancer or changes in moles, using the letter B to check mole ___ borders the main food source for acne bacteria is ___ fatty acids which of the following is an extrinsic skin- aging factor sun exposure between 80 percent and 85 percent of skin aging is caused by ___ sun exposure the UV rays of the sun reach the skin in two different forms. What are these ? UVA and UVB rays what rays of the sun cause sunburns and tanning and are also known as burning rays UVB rays the two types of contact dermatitis are __ allergic and irritant ___ is an allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance sensitization What type of nail enhancement product hardens when exposed to UV light, and is also known as a UV and LED gel? Light cured gel Light cured gel enhancements rely on ingredients from a subcategory of the monomer liquid an polymer powder chemical family, called ___. Acrylates Wrap resins are called ___. Cyanoacrylates A short chain of monomers that is not long enough to be considered a polymer is an ____. Oligomer What is the composition of oligomers? Between solid and liquid Traditionally, light cured gels relied on urethane acrylate; newer gel systems use ___. 60 | P a g e Fiberglass What specialized electronic device powers and controls UV bulbs to cure UV gel nail enhancements? UV gel lamp We have an expert-written solution to this problem! A UV lamp used to cure UV gels can use either 4-,6-,7-,8-, or _____ -watt bulbs. 9 What measures how much electricity a UV or LED bulb consumes and emits? Unit wattage Depending on the usage, a typical UV light bulb should be changed ____. Two to three times per year Light cured gel polish is a relatively new system that evolved in the year ___. 2000 Light cured gel enhancements should be maintained ___. Every two weeks Caution should be used when filing gel nails because they are ___. Soft Traditional gels, also known as hard UV or LED gels, cannot be removed with a solvent and must be ___. Filed off the natural nail Soft UV gels are also known as ___. Soakable gels After the filing procedure, remove dust and filings with a clean and disinfected ___. Nylon brush The sealer or finisher layer of a UV or LED gel product covers the entire nail surface and is wrapped under the natural free edge to ___. Prevent lifting What type of UV or LED gel is used when sculpting light cured gel using forms? Building Gel 61 | P a g e What type of nail enhancement product hardens when exposed to UV light, and is also known as a UV and LED gel? Light cured gel Light cured gel enhancements rely on ingredients from a subcategory of the monomer liquid an polymer powder chemical family, called ___. Acrylates Wrap resins are called ___. Cyanoacrylates A short chain of monomers that is not long enough to be considered a polymer is an ____. Oligomer What is the composition of oligomers? Between solid and liquid Traditionally, light cured gels relied on urethane acrylate; newer gel systems use ___. Urethane methacrylates ___ acrylate and ___ methacrylate are the main ingredients used alone or in combination with urethane acrylates to create light cured gel nail enhancements. Urethane; urethane The chemical family of urethanes is known for high abrasion resistance and ___. Durability What chemical initiates the polymerization reaction? Photoinitiator It takes the combination of resin, photoinitiator, and a ___ to cause the gel to cure. Proper curing gel The difference between light cured gels is the type of photoinitiator used in the formula and the measure of ___ to which that photoinitiator responds to. Light Which term describes wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation that occur beyond the visible spectrum of light? UV light 62 | P a g e To "cure" means to ___. Harden ___ is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid and affects how the fluid flows. Viscosity Clients who wish to wear colored polish over nail enhancements should use the ___. One- color method Clients who wish to wear a French or American manicure finish over nail enhancements should use the ___. Two- color method Which substances are used to increase adhesion to the natural nail plate, similar to a monomer liquid and polymer powder primer? Bonding gels Which substances include any thick- viscosity resin that allows the cosmetologist to build an arch and curve into the fingernail? Building gels Which gel is used to enhance thickness of the overlay while providing a smoother surface? Self-leveling gel Which gel can be a building gel or self- leveling gel that includes color pigment? Pigmented gel Which substance is a thin- viscosity gel that is usually pigmented and packaged in a pot or a polish bottle, and used as an alternative to traditional nail lacquer? Gel polish Which type of gel, also known as a sealing gel or shine gel, is used over the finished and filed gel application to create a high shine? Glossing gel UV or LED gels cure with a tacky surface called an ___ Inhibition layer The amount of colored pigment concentration in a gel is called ___. Opacity 65 | P a g e polymer powder is made using a special chemical reaction called ___, also known as curing or hardening polymerization additives such as ___ are blended with polymer powders to produce a wide range of shade, including pink, whites, and milky translucent shades, as well as reds, blues, greens, purples, yellows, oranges, browns, and even jet black pigments what additives are added to monomer liquid to speed up chemical reaction and control the set or curing time catalysts what is the substance found in polymer powder, that when activated by a catalyst, will spring into action and cause monomer molecules to prematurely link together into long polymer chains initiators the initiator added to polymer powder to start the chain reaction of curing the nail enhancement is ___ benzoyl peroxide the amount of polymer powder and liquid monomer used to create a product bead is called the mix ratio too much powder in a mix ratio causes nail enhancements to cure incorrectly and become ___ brittle and discolored when applying nail enhancements, surface moisture and natural oils left on the nail plate will ___ block adhesion which product is used on the natural nail prior to application to assist in adhesion and serves to chemically bond the enhancement product to the natural nail nail primer ___ primers were developed because acid-based nail primer is corrosive to the skin and potentially dangerous to eyes acid- free and non-acid ___, are an alternative when hand washing station is not available, but should not take the place of hand washing `hand sanitizers a ___ abrasive is strong enough to thin enhancement product in order to prepare the enhancement for a refill or rebalance coarse-grit 66 | P a g e a __ abrasive is used for initial shaping of the perimeter of the nail, refining the overall surface shape of a nail enhancement, or for smoothing the surface before buffing medium- grit a ___ abrasive is used for finish filing, refining, and buffing fine-grit a ___ is a buffer used to create a high shine on a natural nail or nail enhancement when no polish will be worn shiner what nail supply is placed under the free edge and used as a guide to extend a nail enhancement nail form what are pre- formed nail extensions made from ABS or tenite acetate plastic nail tips special containers used to hold monomer liquid and polymer powder that minimize contamination and evaporation are ___ dappen dishes what brushes should not be used because they hold excessive amounts of liquid and alter the mix ratio of powder and liquid overly large masks are designed to prevent inhalation of excessive dust, but they offer no protection from ___ vapors monomer liquid and polymer powder should be stored separately in covered containers in ___ a cool, dark area proper maintenance of nail enhancements should be done every ___ 2-3 weeks the ____ , also known as the arch, is the area of the nail with the most strength, oval- shaped, and located in the center of the nail apex what is the curved line where the pink and white areas meet each other on a french manicured nail smile line the ___ runs straight from the cuticle down the side or wall of the nail to the end of the extension 67 | P a g e sidewall a __ c-curve is the average in most salons to ensure the optimal structure and strength to the nail 35% odorless products harden more slowly, which creates the tacky layer called the ___ inhibition layer We have an expert-written solution to this problem! what term describes any art or design that protrudes from the nail 3-d nail art ___ are created when nail is sandwiched between two layers of product while the nail enhancement is being formed inlaid design when using the brush to shape the enhancement on the free edge area, use___ the middle portion brush for natural- looking nails, product application near the eponychium, sidewalls, and free edge must be ___ thin when lightly tapped with the handle of a brush, hard nail enhancements make __ a clicking sound during removal , monomer liquid and polymer powder enhancements should be soaked for ___ 20-30 mins when removing softened nail enhancement products, use a wooden or metal pusher and ___ gently push off the softened nail use of a nipper to clip away loosened nail enhancements can ___ damage the nail plate Regardless of whether a client is interested in wearing long, medium, or short nails, she may decide to have nail tips applied over her natural nails for ___ strength and durability 70 | P a g e which nail wrap is made from a closely woven, heavy material and is considered to be the strongest nail wrap fabric fiberglass wrap which nail wrap is made from a very thin synthetic mesh with a loose weave and is easy to use fiberglass wrap ___. also known as activator, acts as the dryer that speeds up the hardening process of the wrap resin or adhesive overlay wrap resin accelator We have an expert-written solution to this problem! activators come in several different forms: brush on bottle, pump spray- on, and aerosol what term describes when a nail enhancement needs to be services after two or more weeks from the initial application of the nail enhancement product maintenance application of the enhancement product onto the new growth of the nail is commonly referred to as ___ backfill nail wraps are rebalanced with additional resin ___ every two weeks what are small pieces of fabric used to strengthen a weak point in the nail or repair a crack stress strips a piece of fabric cut to completely cover a crack or break in a nail is a ___ repair touch ` nail wraps are removed by immersing the entire enhancement in a small glass bowl filled with ___ acetone nail tips are softened with acetone or tip remover and are ___ slid off properly sized nail tips for a client should cover the nail plate from ___ sidewall to sidewall 71 | P a g e remove dust from the natural nail plate with a ___ clean, dry nail brush fabric wraps that are slightly smaller than the nail plate prevent the wraps from ___ lifting what step would be performed last in a four week fabric wrap maintenance apply cuticle oil the ability of the hair to absorb moisture is known as porosity clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every ___ weeks 3-12 weeks ___ is a professional, industry- coined term referring to artificial haircoloring products and services haircolor the ___ of the client's hair and the desired results determine which hair color to use structure the cortex, or middle layer of each hair, gives the hair the majority of its strength and elasticity, and contributes about ___ percent to the overall strength of the hair 80 the natural coloring pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair is melanin hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual hair strands fine hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped more tightly the hair type with a large diameter that can take longer to process hair color is ___ coarse- textured hair when the cuticle is tight and the hair is resistant, it is difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate. what term describes this condition low porosity when the cuticle is slightly raised and the hair is normal and processes in an average amount of time, the hair would be said to have___ 72 | P a g e average porosity when the cuticle is lifted and the hair is overly porous and takes color quickly, the hair would be said to have ____ high porosity to test for porosity, take several strands from four different areas of the head: the front hairline, the temple, the crown, and the ___ nape what type of melanin gives black and brown color to the hair eumelanin what type of melanin gives bold and red colors to the hair pheomelanin contributing pigment, also known as ___, is the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process undertone what unit of measurement identifies the lightness or darkness of a color, or the saturation, density, or concentration of color level the system used by colorist to analyze the lightness or darkness of a hair color is the level system the darkest hair colors in level system are identified as being a level ___, while the lightest hair colors in the level system are ___ 1;10 what is one of the most valuable tools for identifying the natural level in the hair color wheel ___ is described as a property of objects that depends on the light they reflect and is perceived ( by the human eye) as red, yellow, blue, or other shades color the system used for understanding color relationships is the ___ law of color fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are known as ___ primary colors 75 | P a g e the concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide is measured in terms of ___ volume the standard volume of hydrogen peroxide used to achieve most results with permanent haircolor is 20 volume chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural pigment are ___ hair lighteners what is the process by which oxygen is released within the cortex of the hair shaft oxidation the process in which the hair is pre-lightened and then toned is known as ___ double- process application during the process of decolorizing, natural hair can go through as many as ___ 10 stages decolorizing the hair's natural pigment allows the colorist to create the exact degree of ____ contributing pigment what hair coloring product is used primarily on pre- lightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors toners when is the most critical part of a color service haircolor consultation clients with hair in questionable condition who request chemical services should be required to sign a ___ release statement when applying color using the brush-and- bowl method, the mixing bowl should be __ nonmetallic before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product, the client must have a ___ patch test the u.s. federal food, drug and cosmetic act prescribes that a predisposition test be given ___ 24 to 48 hours prior to application what process lightens hair and deposits color in one application 76 | P a g e single- process haircoloring examples of single process permanent coloring applications are virgin color applications and ___ color retouch applications a ___ application refers to the first time the hair is colored ` virgin what is a non- ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair glaze you should NEVER apply haircolor to a client if the scalp has any obvious signs of abrasions overlapping haircolor on previously tinted hair can cause breakage and create a visible line of demarcation what is the first step of double- process haircoloring pre- lightening lighteners that have a thicker consistency and give more control during scalp application are known as cream lighteners powdered persulfate salts added to haircolor to increase its lightening ability are activators powdered off- the- scalp lighteners contain persulfate salts for ___ and stronger lightening quicker the part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored is known as new growth the coloring technique that involves coloring some strands of hair lighter than the natural color is known as highlighting the technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color is ___ 77 | P a g e lowlighting in the weaving foil technique selected strands are picked up from narrow section of hair with a ___ zigzag motion the technique using a free- form painting of hair lightener directly onto clean, styled hair is baliage the process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color is known as developing a patch test is generally conducted behind the ear or inside the elbow when applying color for a single process retouch application the color should be applied to the new growth using ___ 1/4 inch partings what is the first step of double- process haircoloring pre- lightening what is a non- ammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair glaze masks containing ___ and other beneficial ingredients are melted at a little more than body temperature before application and applied over treatment creams to allow the cream's ingredients to penetrate more deeply into the surface layers of the skin paraffin a ___, also known as a facial treatment, is a professional skin treatment that improves the condition and appearance of the skin facial an important part of a facial treatment that determines skin type, condition, and the recommended treatment is the ___ skin analysis what term describes a condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, procedures, or products to prevent undesirable effects contraindication 80 | P a g e rosacea what skin condition contains areas of hyperpigmentation, wrinkled areas including areas not in the normal facial expression, and sagging skin from damage to elastic fibers due to chronic and frequent exposure to the sun over the client's lifetime sun- damaged skin ___ are non- foaming, lotion cleansers designed to cleanse dry and sensitive skin types and to remove makeup cleansing milks ___ are cleansers containing surfactants that cause the product to foam and rinse off easily foaming cleansers foaming cleansers that wash off easily contain a detergent that is also known as a surfactant products that are designed to rebalance the pH and remove remnants of cleanser from theskin are known as ___ toners the process of removing dead cells from the surface of the skin is exfoliation cosmetology professionals are only allowed to use products that remove dead skin from the stratum corneum what products are used to physically remove dead cell buildup mechanical exfoliants nj= a cream- type enzyme applied to the face and rolled off the skin is a gommage what are scrubs that contain aluminum oxide crystals, along with other granular scrubs microdermabrasion ____ contains chemicals that loosen or dissolve dead cell buildup, can work in a relatively short time, or be combined in a moisturizer for longer effects chemical exfoliants exfoliants that dissolve the bonds and intercellular cement between cells are ___ 81 | P a g e alpha hydroxy acids salon alpha hydroxy acid exfoliants are often refered to as ___ peels chemical exfoliants that work by dissolving keratin protein in the surface cells are known as ___ enzyme peels an enzyme peel that does not dry the skin and can be used during a steam treatment is the ___ powder form products used to increase the water content of the skin surface are known as moisturizers water- binding agents in moisturizers are also known as ___ humectants what are oily or fatty ingredients that prevent moisture from leaving the skin emollients moisturizers for oily skin are most often found in lotion form and generally contain ___ amounts of emollient smaller shielding the skin from ___ is probably the most important habit to benefit the skin sun exposure skin products that have a higher concentration of ingredients are ___ serums individual doses of serum, sealed in small vials, are called ___ ampoules what is a lubricating cream that must be thoroughly removed for additional products to penetrate the skin massage cream what are concentrated treatment products often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, botanical extracts, and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate, and nourish the skin masks 82 | P a g e oil- absorbing masks that have an exfoliating and stringent effect, making large pores appear smaller, are ___ clay- based masks masks containing hydrators and soothing ingredients that do not dry hard and can be used on sensitive skin gel masks which masks contain special crystals and dry to a plaster- like consistency modelage masks what thin, open- meshed cotton fabric is used to hold mask products on the face gauze the manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, kneading, or other movements is known as ___ massage the impact of a massage treatment depends on the amount of pressure, direction, of movement, and ____ duration of manipulation the direction of movement in massage should always be from insertion of the muscle toward is ___ origin what is a light, continuous, stroking movement applied with fingers or palms effleurage what kneading movement is performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing tissue with light, firm pressure petrissage every massage should end with which movement efflerage ___ is a form of pestrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out fulling what is a deep rubbing massage movement in which pressure is applied to the skin while moving over an underlying structure friction pressing and twisting the tissues with a fast back- and- forth movement is a form of friction known as ___ 85 | P a g e completely immersed implements should be removed from a disinfectant solution using a lift tray or basket, tongs, tweezers, and ___ to ensure that disinfectant does not come into contact with the skin gloves prior to being placed in a disinfectant solution, implements must be___ thoroughly cleansed what size of foam cushion is specifically made for the comfort of the client's arms when performing nail services 8-12 inches a trash container___ is one of the best ways to prevent excessive odors and vapors in the salon with a self-closing lid a nail polish___ is designed to shorten the time necessary for the client's nail polish to dry dryer which tool is NOT designed to dry traditional nail polish uva or led lamp what is the ideal temperature for a paraffin bath between 125- 130 degrees Fahrenheit what is the petroleum by-product that has excellent sealing properties to hold moisture in the skin paraffin what is one of the most effective ways to ensure safe working conditions in a salon, and especially a nail salon a local source capture ventilation system what term describes the tools used to perform manicure services that are either reusable or disposable implements ___ implements, also known as reusable implements, are generally stainless steel because they must be properly cleaned and disinfected after use in one client prior to use on another. Less- expensive metal implements will corrode during disinfection and sterilization multiuse 86 | P a g e ___ implements without properly cleaning and disinfecting them is against the law in every state reusing a ___ is designed to gently scrape cuticle tissue from the natural nail plate metal pusher what are tiny, often unseen openings in the skin, which can allow microbes to enter the skin, leading to infection micro traumas what is a stainless steel implement used to carefully trim away dead skin around the nails nail nipper what are multitask implements for lifting small bits of debris from the nail plate, retrieving and placing nail art, removing implements from disinfectant solutions, a much more tweezer what is a stainless steel implement that can shorten the free edge of the nail quickly and efficiently nail clipper single- use or disposable implements are used ___ on a client then discarded, preferable while the client can view it being done once what single- use implement is used to remove cuticle tissue from the nail plate, to clean under the free edge of the nail, or to apply products wooden pusher cotton used on the end of a wooden pusher should be changed___ after each use brushes used in nail polish and other products that are not capable of harboring or supporting the growth of the pathogenic microbes are ___ exceptions to the single-use rule ___ are personal protective equipment (ppe), worn to protect the cosmetologist from exposure to microbes during service gloves what type of gloves are recommended by OSHA because they provide more protection from chemicals nitrile 87 | P a g e choose a protective mask designed specifically for dusts, mists, and ___ to ensure the mask will be effective in the salon setting molds as a rule of thumb, the lower the grit on abrasive nail file, the more _____ its action will be aggressive rubbing another clean, unused file across the edge of a new file in order to remove any sharp edges before use is called ___ file prepping what is shaped like two sided nail file, long and narrow, with one or two additional grit abrasives and a final shine surface two way buffer containers that create the perfect environment for pethogens to grow and reproduce are airtight what is the best color for your terry cloth towels white gauze squares, also called ___, have many uses in manicure services, from product removal to application pledgets a disposable plastic or reusable metal spatula must be used for removing products from the respective containers to prevent ___ of the products and the spread of disease Whats is an ex of an ammonia compound that is used to perform chemical services in a salon? The oxidation of hair color is an example of a A stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent is a (n) The rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light is known as What type of chemical reaction results in the oxidizing agent being reduced and the reducing agent being oxidation What is an ex of a chemical property Solubility The branch of science that applies to substances that contain carbon is called ____ Chemistry What is an ex of an oil- in- water emulsion of two immiscible liquids Cosmetology fields: 90 | P a g e The eyes did not have any colored makeup. What techniques were refined by a physician during the Middle Ages? Steam distillation Where is beauty culture from the Middle Ages found? Beauty culture is evidenced by sculptures, tapestries, and other artifacts from this period. What was discouraged during the Renaissance? Highly colored preparations of the lips, cheeks, and eyes were discouraged. What unique beauty trend did women in the Renaissance take apart of? Women elongated their foreheads by plucking their eyebrows and hairline in an attempt to seem more intelligent. During the Victorian Age, how did women preserve their beauty? Women used beauty masks and packs What were Victorian beauty masks and packs made of? Victorian beauty mask and packs were made of honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, and other natural ingredients. How did Victorian induce natural colors instead of using cosmetics? Women would bite their lips or pinch their cheeks to induce a natural color. Major ideas that occurred in the 20th century that changed Americans' ideas about beauty? -Sarah Breedlove made a hair empire and created a union -Marcel Grateau made the first curling iron one by heat, one by electricty -the cosmetics industry grew rapidly -magzines promote cosmetics Who invented a heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods around which hair strands were wrapped? Marcel Grateau Why was Max Factor's makeup very popular with movie stars? Max Factor's makeup did not cake-up or crack under hot lights. Which method was most appropriate for use on long hair during the waving process? The serial wrapping method List some achievements of Sarah Breedlove? 91 | P a g e -Organized one of the first nations meetings for businesswomen in the US - Pioneering the modern African American Hair care and cosmetics industry -Devising sophisicated sales and marketing strategies for her hair care products Who invented the curling iron? Marcel Gâteau invented this. How did magazines change in the 1920's? Magazines started to put out cosmetics ad, which used to be deamed improper. What was a major invention 1932, and the brand name was Revlon? In 1932, nail polish was invented by Charles Revson and the formula was taken from car paint. What two movie stars made nail polish popular in the 1930's? Gloria Season and Jean Harlow made nail polish very popular. In 1932, what product did Clairol put out? Clairol put out the first permanent hair color. Alkaline perms are modern versions of what method created in 1941? Alkaline perms are modern versions of the cold waves. What is texture services? A term used today that refers to the variety of permanent waving and straightening services availble for various hair types and conditions. What did a French hairdresser introduce in the 1970's? The art of hair weaving using aluminum foil. In the 1980's, the beauty products were best described as? Heavy eye shadow, and gentle hair colors in many shades What is the 21st century considered to be? The specialization age of the beauty industry What event, which was first held in 1989, with only five categories for awards? North American Hairstyling Awards (NAHA) What term that came out in the late 1980's, and was first coined by Noel DeCaprio? Day Spas List the four ways to take advantage of continuing education. 92 | P a g e 1. Individual development 2. Personal motivation 3. knowledge and confidence 4. preovides best oppurtunity to advance your career and achieve success In addition to attending school a cosmetologist must be what to work as a professional? Hard working to work as a professional cosmetologist. List the eleven areas that a cosmetologist can specialize in? 1. Hair coloring 2. Texture specialist 3. Salon trainer 4. Haircutting specialist 5. Distributor sale consultant 6. Manufacturer educator 7. Artistic director 8. Educator director 9. Cosmetology director 10. Film, theatrical, or editorial stylist 11. Creative director What is a good idea for a haircutting specialist? To study with other reputable haircutters, this to perfect his or her technique The career possiblilites are endless for a hard working cosmetologist when the continues their education and approaches his or her career with a strong sense of personal integrity What is the duties of the distributor? To stay abreast of what is accusing in the marketplace Having a strong public speaking ability is important for this beauty professional. A educational director needs to have this skill What is a good idea if you work as a film, theatrical, or editorial stylist. To join a local union Can the salon business usually withstand recessions better than other industries? 95 | P a g e It is the One Essential Nutrient no Person Can Live Without What is true of water? Macronutrients used to produce energy in the body What are fats? One or More Vitamins What has been added to a food product if it is labeled as fortified? Water-Binding Substance Between the Fibers of the Dermis What is glycosaminoglycan? Condition in Which the Blood Sugar Drops Too Low What is hypoglycemia? Omega-6 What is the common name for linoleic acid, which is used to make important hormones? they make up the largest part of the nutrition we take in what is true of macronutrients? Micronutrients Have No Calories or Nutritional Value What is true of micronutrients? Minerals What term refers to organic materials that are required for many reactions of the cells and body? Monosaccharides What term refers to carbohydrates made up of one basic sugar unit? Sunshine Vitamin What is a common name for vitamin D? Tocopherol What is the scientific name for vitamin E? Blood Coagulation What body function is aided by vitamin K? Regulating Nutrition-Related Affairs What is a function of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)? United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 96 | P a g e What is the governmental agency that issues the recommended nutritional guideline "MyPlate"? Government-Issued Measurements for Amounts of Foods We Should Eat What are recommended dietary allowances (RDA)? Vitamin B What type of vitamin is niacin? Sulphur What mineral contributes to body tissue formation and gives strength to keratin? Flouride What mineral is commonly used in toothpaste because it contributes to bone and teeth formation? Low-pH perms 6.5-7.0, uses sulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites instead of ATG Alkaline waves also known as cold waves; 9.0-9.6, uses ATG, exothermic Thio-free waves 7.0-9.6, uses cystamine instead of ATG Ammonia-free waves 7.0-9.6, does not use ammonia Acid-balanced waves 7.8-8.2, contains GMTG, have quick firm curls, most common in salons True acid wave 4.5-7.0, contains GMTG, has solution, activator, and neutralizer Exothermic waves 9.0-9.6, heats up within, a quick processing time When to use a low-ph perm normal, porous, or damaged hair When to use alkaline perm for resistant/coarse hair When to use thio-free perm porous to normal 97 | P a g e When to use ammonia free perm porous to normal hair When to use acid balanced perm porous/damaged hair When to use true acid wave for extremely damaged/porous hair When to use exdothermic waves for coarse/resistant hair Communication Effective human relations and _____ skills build lasting client relationships, accelerate professional growth, and promote a positve work environment. Customer sevice In cosmetology, _____ is the cornerstone of success. Talk less listen more An important practical step that promotes effective communication is to _____. Reflective listening The act of successfully sharing information between two people, or groups of people, is known as_____. Intake form Every new client should complete a client _____, also called a client questionnaire, consultation card, or health history form. Service record card The _____ is the client's permanent progress record of services received and contains the results, formulations, products used during services, as well as any sensitivities or alleges. Classic A client who prefers simple and sophisticated clothing, monochromatic colors, and no bright patterns may best be described as having a(n) ______ style. Client consultation What verbal communication with a client assists in determining the client's needs and how to achieve the desired results? During each salon visit and service