COT Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED BY AN EXPERT LATEST UPDATED 2024., Exams of Nursing

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COT Exam QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

VERIFIED BY AN EXPERT LATEST

UPDATED 2024.

 Due to refraction a prism bends light rays toward the ___________of the prism? - Correct answer Base  What is P=C/D? - Correct answer P = Prism  C = the displacement of the object in cm  D = the distance between the prism and the virtual  image in meters  This formula explains the relationship between the power of prism and the ability to bend light.  Two Prisims base-to-base form what type of lens? - Correct answer Plus  or  Convex  Convex lenses do what to light rays? - Correct answer Converge them  Two prisms placed apex-to-apex for what kind of lens? - Correct answer Minus  or  Concave  What is Prentice's Rule? - Correct answer A rule to calculate induced prism in glasses whose optical centers have been decentered.  Induced prism=lens power (in D) X Optical center displacment (in cm)  Cinically, Infinity is determined to be at what distance? - Correct answer 20 feet  (6 meters)  Explain Amplitude of Accommodation - Correct answer its the Lens's change (in diopters) from a state of no accommodation to maximum accommodation  What does Prince's Rule measure? - Correct answer near point of accommodation, and bifocal and trifocal add power  what is the focal length (in meters) of a 3 diopter lens? - Correct answer P=1/f  3=1/f  3f=  f=1/3 or 33 cm

 Snell's Law determines what - Correct answer whether the refacted ray will bent toward the normal or away from it  Index of Refraction (IR) compares what? - Correct answer Speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a given substance  What is the IR of Water?  What is the IR of Crown Glass? - Correct answer Water is 1.  Crown Glass in 1.  What is axial length? - Correct answer The length of the eye from the front surface of the central cornea to the macula  With the rule astigmatism is at what axis? - Correct answer 90  Against the Rule astigmatism is at what axis? - Correct answer 180  Hirschberg Test - Correct answer uses corneal light reflexes to determine anestimation of misalignment  Krimsky Test - Correct answer uses prisms to equalize position of corneal light reflexes  What test is used to differentiate pseudostrabismus from true strabismus? - Correct answer Hirschberg Test  What are versions? - Correct answer movement of both eyes in the same direction  What is duction? - Correct answer movement of one eye only  What is vergence? - Correct answer movement of both eyes in opposite direction...such as convergence or divergence  Agonist Muscle - Correct answer is the muscle that is the prime mover for a desired direction of gaze  Saccades - Correct answer the voluntary rapid eye movements of both eyes, controlled by the frontal lobes of the brain, in the same direction to re-fixate is called SACCADES  Yoke Muscles - Correct answer a pair of muscles, one in each eye, WORK TOGETHER to achieve a desired version movement

 Synergist Muscle - Correct answer When a muscle assists the primary muscle in the same eye to make a particular movement  Annules of Zinn - Correct answer all of the extarocular muscles, except the inferior oblique, originate at the Annules of Zinn  What is the primary function of the medial rectus? - Correct answer ADDuction - rotate the eye medially towards the nose  What muscle, as its primary function, ABducts? - Correct answer Lateral Rectus  What muscle is innervated by the Abducens Nerve?  (CN VI) - Correct answer Lateral Rectus  The medical rectus in innervate by which cranial nerve? - Correct answer CN III  aka as Oculomotor Cranial Nerve  What are the four cyclovertical muscles? - Correct answer Superior Rectus  Inferior Rectus  Inferior Oblique  Superior Oblique  The ANTAGONIST muscle of the same eye works directly against the ___________ muscle - Correct answer Agonist  three actions of Super Rectus  (in order) - Correct answer Primary action - Elevation  Secondary action - intorsion  Tertiary action - adduction  The only muscle that is innervated by the Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) is the _______ - Correct answer Superior Oblique  To test the Inferior Rectus muscle, the patient needs to look where? - Correct answer Down and Out  The primary action of the  Inferior Oblique - Correct answer Extorsion  What two muscles are responsible for torsional movements of the eye as their primary function? - Correct answer Inferior Oblique & Superior Oblique  Dextroversion is movement of both eyes to the_____________ - Correct answer Right

 Convergence Insufficiency - Correct answer When the eyes cannot be pulled inward (toward teh nose) sufficiently ot mainain single vision when attempting to fixate on a near object (read) and is characterized by eye fatigue or double vision  Paralytic Vertical Deviations are caused by what? - Correct answer Cranial nerve palsies caused by motor vehicle accidents, stroke, etc  Hering's Law of Equal Simultaneous Innervation - Correct answer applies to the yoke muscles of each eye  Sherrington's Law of Reciprocal Innervation - Correct answer Applies to the agonist and antagonist of one eye  Comitant Deviations - Correct answer are muscle misalignments that measure the same amount in all directions of gaze  Fusional Amplitudes - Correct answer are measured by The Risley Prism  "The Head Tilt" test - Correct answer aka Bielschowsky Test  Vertical Deviations are usually accompanied by_____________ - Correct answer Eso-deviations  or  Exo-deviations  What is the longest muscle in the eye and what are its actions? - Correct answer Superior Oblique  1 - intort  2 - depress  3 - ABduct  Superior Oblique - Correct answer intort  depress  abduct  longest muscle  What two muscles are the synergistic muscles for the Medial Rectus? - Correct answer Superior Rectus  & Inferior Rectus  What is the room illumination that is necessary for adequate visual field testing? - Correct answer Approx 7 foot-candles of illumination  Where is the physiologic blind spot located? - Correct answer 15 degrees temporal to fixation

 What are the peripheral limits of a normal visual field? - Correct answer 60˚ nasal  60˚ superior  70˚ inferior  90˚ temporal  What portion of the VF is tested using a Tangent screen? - Correct answer central 30 degrees  Scotoma - Correct answer an area of partial of complete blindness with-in the confines of a relatively normal visual field.  Isopter - Correct answer the term for a contour line representing the limits of sensitivity to a specific test stimulus.  When calibrating a Goldmann perimeter the light meter should read at which measurement? - Correct answer 1,000 Apostilbs or  1430 Lumens  in 1930, what analogy did Trazuair use to liken the visual field of an eye? - Correct answer "Island of vision in a sea of darkness"  What color stimulus on an automated perimeter would be chosen to test for macular defects? - Correct answer Red  What is the benefit of using a blue stimulus on a yellow background in automated perimetry? - Correct answer earlier detection of visual field loss  What amount of visual field is measured using an Amsler Grid at a proper distance? - Correct answer Central 20 degress  (or 10 degrees form fixation in any direction)  Which type of perimetry device uses mostly kinetic (moving) targets to map out the visual field? - Correct answer Manual such as Goldmann Perimeter  Lesions in what area of the brain result in defects that respect the vertical meridian? - Correct answer defects in the visual pathway posterior to the optic chiasm (neuro-ophthalmic)  When performing manual perimetry, at what rate of speed should the target be moved? - Correct answer a constant rate of speed, approx 5 degrees or 1/4 ince per second from non-seeing to seeing area  What is the average size of the blind spot? - Correct answer approx 6 degress wide and 10 degrees high