Counseling Theories and Approaches, Exams of Health sciences

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A therapist tells a client who wants to quit smoking that he should keep his only pack of cigarettes in a place that is accessible only by walking for more than one mile. This is an example of which of the following paradoxical techniques? Correct Answer Ordeal Hint: Haley (1984) described several types of ordeals. One type involves having the individual perform an unpleasant or inconvenient act in order to engage in the target behavior Brief therapy is a time-limited, pragmatic, non-historical strategic approach to difficulties in a person's life. Brief therapy models focus primarily on: Correct Answer First order change. Hint: are symptomatic, not changes to the fundamental dynamics of the family system. Ben, a successful stockbroker, has recently taken early retirement from his company. At age 45, he "still feels young" and wants to be more involved with his children, ages 4 and 6. His wife, Laura, at first appreciates the help, but now feels that Ben has completely taken over the house, supervising all the chores, grocery shopping, and cooking. He has even begun meeting with the children's teachers to "stay on top of things." When Laura confronts Ben regarding his behavior, he responds that he just wants to help. How might a strategic therapist intervene? Correct Answer Tell the couple to continue to do what they are doing. As a matter of fact, encourage Ben to take over the household more.

As you work with the McIntosh family, you ask questions in order to complete a diagram you are drawing. You ask them who is in charge of various chores and tasks at home, who does what activities with whom, and who takes sides with whom during discussions and disagreements. What is your theoretical orientation and what is the name of this intervention? Correct Answer Structural and family mapping Bonnie and Ricardo, a couple in their 30's, are seeing a Strategic family therapist. They have been unable to achieve any closeness in their relationship. Bonnie says she knows she starts fights when things are going well, and Ricardo says that sometimes he looks at other women just to make Bonnie mad. Which intervention would a Strategic family therapist NOT use with this couple? Correct Answer Explain the rationale for your interventions, as some strategic interventions, particularly paradoxical ones, may seem odd. An elderly woman begins therapy with you because she was mugged three months ago and says, " haven't felt like my old self ever since." Your primary goal with her would be to: Correct Answer help her return to her normal level of functioning. As a Bowenian family systems therapist, what would be an important intervention in the early stage of treatment with a couple contemplating divorce? Correct Answer Helping each person identify his/her hot buttons and learn how to think before acting A woman comes to counseling because of problems she is having in her marriage. She explains that she is overly emotional about things and takes things too personally. She tells you that her husband is constantly telling her that she lets her emotions get the best of her and that she's just "too weak." From a feminist perspective, therapy would focus on all of the following, EXCEPT:

Correct Answer exploration of the detrimental impact of egalitarian relationships. hint: appropriate answers consist of validation of feelings and experiences, recognizing that the personal is political, & focus on power differentials and how power can be exercised. A woman begins treatment with a feminist therapist. Part of their work together includes exploring the influence of societal structures and expectations related to traditional gender roles and their effects on her life. This common feminist therapy technique is called: Correct Answer Gender role analysis. Demystification Correct Answer Removal of mystery of confusion surrounding a topic or idea it relates to the dynamic inside of therapy. Feminist therapists use the technique of demystification to help the client understand and create an egalitarian therapeutic process, not to explore gender role socialization. Power analysis Correct Answer refers to the power inherent to gender roles, not gender role socialization. Cultural analvsis Correct Answer Feminist therapists use the technique of cultural analysis to explore the client's personal and culture identity A therapist wants to help the Bortzman family realign the hierarchy and move 14-year-old Bart Bortzman out of the position of being mom's emotional support and involved in the parents' activities. What is the MOST likely theoretical orientation of this LMFT? Correct Answer Structural family therapist

A strategic therapist Correct Answer would look for feedback loops that perpetuate the problem. A multigenerational therapist Correct Answer would look at repeating patterns passed down through the generations. A Humanistic-experiential family therapist Correct Answer emphasizes the unique experiences of every person, their inherent potential to grow and heal, and their ability A woman comes in for counseling six months after the death of her 3-year-old daughter. She tells you that since this happened, she hasn't been able to eat and that all she wants to do is sleep all day. How would you proceed? Correct Answer Assess for suicidal ideation, intent, plan, and access to means. A therapist insists that Mr. and Mrs. Terrace sit together on one cushion of the couch, while the kids. play on the other side of the room. Whenever the children come over and attempt to get their parents' attention the therapist says, " see you really care about your parents and want to be around them a lot," and then turns to their parents and says, "You shouldn't let your children interfere with your private time so often." This is a structural example of: Correct Answer a stroke and a kick Hint: acknowledging one member of a system for positive intent, while pointing out to another member of a system how the action has a negative impact on her/ him. confirmation bias Correct Answer a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence Boundary marking is Correct Answer a structural technique employed to clarify and delineate boundaries within the family

Intensity is Correct Answer a structural term referring to using a change in your tone of voice or repeating yourself to emphasize a point in session. confirmation is Correct Answer a structural term that entails pointing out strengths in an individual or family system. A teacher contacts a school counselor to discuss signs of child abuse. She is concerned about one of her students who has been acting strangely. The counselor would tell the teacher that which of the following characteristics in the child is MOST likely to indicate child abuse? Correct Answer Regression Hint: implies an interruption of normal functioning, typically indicating some type of trauma, such as child abuse. A Structural therapist begins treatment with the Miller family. The 15 - year-old son has been using crystal meth for the past 3 months. His school performance has rapidly deteriorated, and recently he was picked up for truancy. His mother is in tears as she describes what a "perfect child" he once was. His father laughs with disgust and says his son was always a "mama's boy" and that it serves her right for coddling him for so many years. The father tells the therapist that he has no intention of continuing treatment as this is his son's problem, not his. How should the therapist proceed? Correct Answer Tell the dad how much the therapist admires and respects his clarity. Which of the following is an example of inappropriate affect? Correct Answer Laughing when discussing the death of a friend A new client comes in and immediately tells you that she has been abused by her husband of ten years. She appears withdrawn and sorrowful. As she continues to talk, it becomes

apparent that she is unable to care for herself, has been having difficulty getting to work, and has no motivation to even leave the house. She acknowledges many previous incidents of domestic violence. She does not request a referral. What should you do? Correct Answer Give her hotline numbers and referrals to social services and or shelters. A therapist diagnoses a client as schizophrenic. An evaluation of the client's background would be least likely to reveal which of the following? Correct Answer A low level of pseudomutuality in family relations Augustine, age 5, is in foster care and enrolled in a therapeutic nursery school. He and his older sister were removed from their home after they were found wandering in the park asking people for food and their parents were both found to have a drug problem. While observing Augustine at school, you notice that he impulsively approaches strangers, tends to be overly familiar with people he has just met, and quickly becomes attached to any adult who pays attention to him. Before assigning a DSM- 5 diagnosis of __________ to Augustine, you will want to confirm that his symptoms are attributable to ______ Correct Answer Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder; early neglect or deprivation It is most difficult to extinguish behavior that has been: Correct Answer established by an intermittent schedule of reinforcement. In an initial session with a family, you notice the anxiety level in the room rising. You should: Correct Answer have each family member focus on the source of his or her own anxiety and then resume your attention to the group as a whole.

A family of four come in for family therapy for help in communicating better with one another. The father has strict boundaries and expectations in what the family should look like. The mother drinks heavily each night as a way to relax before bed. The teenage daughter isolates herself in her room each night to avoid the constant bickering between the other family members, and the school-aged daughter is showing symptoms of extreme anxiety and having difficulty with daily tasks. What should be the first form of treatment? Correct Answer Refer the mother to other services regarding her alcohol use before family therapy can begin. When a therapist is working with a couple in couples therapy, and one partner is having an affair and is unwilling to admit to, or give up the affair, the best option for the therapist is to: Correct Answer refer the couple to their own individual therapy. Object relations is most closely related to: Correct Answer ego psychology If, in therapy, a person from a minority group seems suspicious, mistrustful, and somewhat hesitant to talk to a white-Anglo therapist, the most likely reason is: Correct Answer transference. In the first interview, which of the following would be the best way to determine a client's level of motivation? Correct Answer Find out what brought the client to therapy. A young couple comes to see you two weeks before their wedding. They have had a huge argument and are not sure what this means for the wedding. Leslie 23, says that she feels like she has been betrayed and that her fiancé Greg, 25, will always choose his family over her. She says that as they have been wedding planning, they decided not

to invite certain people and that Greg went to his mother and complained that it was Leslie that would not allow him to invite everyone. Greg is quiet and looks down at the ground. He says that he knows he messed up and that now Leslie and his mother are upset with him. Greg tells you that his family has always been hard to get along with and that they have been controlling him his whole life. Which of the following relationships are represent the MOST significant triangle in this family system? Correct Answer Greg, Greg's mother, and Leslie In general systems theory, what is the implication of equifinality? Correct Answer Patterns and processes are more important than content in understanding the family's functioning. From a systems perspective, the information that family members continuously exchange, which helps minimize deviation and maintain the familv's stability, is referred to as: Correct Answer negative feedback. Three years ago an inpatient addiction treatment center in a hospital asked their clients if they would like to undergo an archaic form of therapy created by Wilhelm Reich known as "vegotherapy." Approximately half of the clients stated they would like try the treatment while the other 50% stated that they would stick with the tried-and-true program of the center. Outcome data on their drinking was compiled at the end of seven weeks. Today—three years later—a statistician compared the two groups based on their drinking behavior at the end of the seven weeks using a t test. This study could best be described as Correct Answer causal comparative research. Which of the following would most likely yield a perfect correlation of 1.00? Correct Answer Length in inches and length in centimeters.

Which level of significance would best rule out chance factors? Correct Answer. P = .05 really means that Correct Answer there is only a 5% chance that the difference between the control group and the experimental groups is due to chance factors. From a purely statistical standpoint, in order to compare a control group (which does not receive the IV or experimental manipulation) to the experimental group the researcher will need Correct Answer a test of significance. Hypothesis testing is most closely related to the work of Hint: A hypothesis is a statement which can be tested regarding the relationship of the IV and the DV. Correct Answer R. A. Fisher A professor of counselor education hypothesized that biofeedback training could reduce anxiety and improve the average score on written board exams. If this professor decides to conduct a formal experiment the IV will be the ________, and the DV will be the ________. Correct Answer biofeedback; board exam score Hint:The "I" statement here gives you your "IV." For your "DV" (remember DV begins with a "D" like "data") your data are provided by the board exam score. An experiment is said to be confounded when Correct Answer undesirable variables are not kept out of the experiment. Nondirective is to person-centered as Correct Answer parsimony is to Occam's Razor Lewis Terman Correct Answer Americanized the Binet.

professor at Stanford who revised the Binet test for Americans. The test then became the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test. He is also known for his longitudinal research on gifted kids. According to Public Law 93-380, also known as the Buckley Amendment, a 19-year-old college student attending college Correct Answer - could view her record, which included test data.

• could view her daughter's infant IQ test given at preschool.
• could demand a correction she discovered while reading a file. ou want to admit only 25% of all counselors to an advanced training program in psychodynamic group therapy. The item difficulty on the entrance exam for applicants would be best set at Correct Answer. A word association test would be an example of Correct Answer projective test The WAIS-IV is given to 100,000 individuals in the United States who are picked at random. A counselor would expect that Correct Answer approximately 68% would score between 85 and 115 _______ would be an informal method of appraisal. Correct Answer checklist One major testing trend is Correct Answer computer-assisted testing and computer interpretations Counselors often shy away from self-reports since Correct Answer clients often give inaccurate answers. A counselor created an achievement test with a reliability coefficient of .82. The test is shortened since many clients felt it was too long. The counselor shortened the test but logically

assumed that the reliability coefficient would now Correct Answer be lower than .82. Hint: Increasing a test's length raises reliability. Shorten it and the antithesis occurs. Note: The Spearman Brown formula is used to estimate the impact that lengthening or shortening a test will have on a test's reliability coefficient The ______ are examples of aptitude tests: Correct Answer O'NET Ability Profiler and the MCAT The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator reflects the work of Correct Answer Carl Jung In a projective test the client is shown Correct Answer neutral stimuli The word psychometric means Correct Answer any form of mental testing The MMPI-2 is Hint: suitable for those over age 18 Correct Answer a standardized personality test The group IQ test movement began Correct Answer with the Army Alpha and Army Beta in World War I. The mean on the Wechsler and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scales (SB5) is ________ and the standard deviation is ________. Correct Answer 100; 15 Wechsler, 16 Stanford-Binet Today, the Stanford-Binet IQ test is Correct Answer a standardized measure

Which method of reliability testing would be useful with an essay test but not with a test of algebra problems? Correct Answer Inter- rater/inter-observer A reliability coefficient of 1.00 indicates Correct Answer a perfect score which has no error. One method of testing reliability is to give the same test to the same group of people two times and then correlate the scores. This is called Correct Answer test-retest reliability. When a counselor tells a client that the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) will predict her ability to handle graduate work, the counselor is referring to Correct Answer predictive validity A new IQ test which yielded results nearly identical to other standardized measures would be said to have Correct Answer good concurrent validity Face validity refers to the extent that a test Correct Answer looks or appears to measure the intended attribute Which measure would yield the highest level of reliability? Correct Answer A very accurate postage scale. Which is more important, validity or reliability? Correct Answer validity A test battery is considered Correct Answer a horizontal test A true/false test has ________ recognition items. Correct Answer dichotomous

A short answer test is a(n) ________ test. Correct Answer free choice Appraisal can be defined as Correct Answer the process of assessing or estimating attributes All of the following are difficulties with career testing except: Hint: Right answers include; The counselor may rely too heavily on test results, Many tests are biased in favor of white middle-class clients, & Stereotyping. Correct Answer The tests all take at least three hours to administer. Which counselor would most likely say that we choose a job to meet our needs? Correct Answer Robert Hoppock. Who is known for Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) that measures attitudes and competencies related to the career choice process? Correct Answer John Crites The career anchor theory was espoused by Correct Answer Edgar Schein In terms of the labor market Correct Answer the number of employees employers want to hire goes down as salary goes up & the number of employees willing to work for you goes up as the salary increases. The term reentry woman would best describe Correct Answer a 29 - year-old female who was babysitting in her home but is currently working at a fast-food restaurant A displaced homemaker might have grown children or Correct Answer be widowed and seeking employment

be divorced and seeking employment A counselor advises a female to steer clear of police work as he feels this is a male occupation. This suggests Correct Answer counselor bias based on gender bias. The National Vocational Guidance Association was founded in

1913. It was fused with other organizations in 1952 to become the Correct Answer APGA. Hint:American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) until 1983 A male client who hates his job is trying desperately to be the perfect father, husband, and family man. This phenomenon is best described as Correct Answer the compensatory effect. recency effect Correct Answer tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well when a rater's judgment of an employee reflects primarily his or her most recent performance. A client who likes her flower-arranging job begins doing flower arranging in her spare time on weekends and after work. This phenomenon is best described as Correct Answer spillover Nathan Ackerman Correct Answer Pioneer in the assessment and treatment of families and the first to integrate the psychoanalytic approach with a systems approach in assessing and treating families Carl Whitaker Correct Answer Experiential Family Therapy

Murray Bowen Correct Answer He is a psychiatrist known for having developed the Family systems theory from the 1950's onwards. It generally argues that people can only be understood from the viewpoint of their relationships with others, as part of a social system. They cannot be understood in isolation, cut-off from their relations with family members and others with whom they interact. In this theory, the concept of self-differentiation, which is to be opposed to the psychoanalytic concept of fusion, is core. Self-differentiation refers to the ability to simultaneously maintain one's individuality and identity while relating to others. Salvador Minuchin Correct Answer Structural Family Therapy: uses joining, enactment, boundary making, and mimesis techniques Frederick Thorne Correct Answer An early proponent of eclectic counseling & psychotherapy integration Gerald Caplan Correct Answer Father of psychodynamic mental health consultation; divided counseling groups into 3 types - primary or guidance, secondary or counseling, and tertiary or therapy. Crisis theory Jay Haley and Cloe Madanes Correct Answer Strategic family therapy approach advocates. Power and control characterize relationships in families, and symptoms are attempts at controlling a relationship. Strategist therapy techniques are often direct suggestions or assignments. Assignment of paradoxical tasks often occurs. Erik Erikson Correct Answer 1902 - 1994; Field: neo-Freudian, humanistic; Contributions: created an 8-stage theory to show how

people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?" Milton Erikson (1901-1980) Correct Answer Brief Family Therapy; hypnosis Don Jackson Correct Answer - 1959

• Introduced Conjoint Therapy, where spouses were seen together. Internal Family Systems Correct Answer EXPERIENTIAL Theory A model of family therapy that uses systemic principles and techniques to understand and change intrapsychic processes, developed by Richard Schwartz Steven de Shazer and Insoo Kim Berg Correct Answer Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) Paul Watzlawick, Janet Beavin, Don Jackson Correct Answer """Pragmatics of Communication"" -- Describe all behavior as a type of communication and categorize all interactions as either symmetrical (egalitarian) or complementary (opposite in some way)" Yalom's Therapeutic Factors Correct Answer - Universality
• Instillation of hope
• Imparting of information
• Altruism
• Corrective repeat of the family of origin
• Development of social skills
• Imitative behavior
• Interpersonal learning
• Group cohesiveness
• Catharsis
• Learning to accept painful aspects of life

Anne Roe Correct Answer Psychoanalytic Career Theory postulated that jobs can compensate for unmet childhood needs/unconscious needs; career choice based heavily on personality theory (as well as Brill); psychoanalytic, draws on Maslow's hierarchy of needs (lower order needs take precedence over higher order needs); support for theory comes from the Rorschach and the TAT; early child rearing practices influence later career choices; genetics help to determine intelligence and education, and influences one's career choice; career choice influenced by genetics, parent-child interaction, unconscious motivators, current needs, interests, education, and intelligence Frank Parsons--Father of Vocational Guidance Correct Answer Wrote the book Choosing a Vocation Mark Savickas Correct Answer Theorist: Postmodern approach called "social constructionism". Counselor is NOT the expert. Narrative approach = stories/meanings provided by clients. John Gottman's Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse Correct Answer 1. Criticism

2. Defensiveness
3. Contempt
4. Withdrawing John Holland Correct Answer career - personality approach (RIASEC - realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional) Linda S. Gottfredson Correct Answer emphasized circumscription (the process of narrowing the acceptable alternatives) and compromise (realization that the client will not be able to

implement their most preferred choices). The client adjusts aspirations to accommodate such things as hiring practices, family obligations, or educational programs. People sacrifice interests rather than sex-type or prestige. Theory created in the early 1980s. Eli Ginzberg Correct Answer developmental career theorist; research found that occupational choice takes place over a 6- 10 year period, the choice is irreversible, and always has the quality of compromise; theory postulated three stages: fantasy, tentative, and realistic; exploration leads to crystallization By 1972 (about 20 yrs after the creation of his theory), he modified his position by stating that the process of choice is open- ended and lifelong. This, of course, refuted the notion of irreversibility. He also replaced compromise with the concept of optimization.

• Now believes in a developmental model of career choice which asserts career choice decisions are made throughout the lifespan and career choice is reversible. John Krumboltz Correct Answer Developed social learning approach to career choice based on work of behaviorist Albert Bandura. Believed career decision-making is a skill that can be LEARNED. (Memory: K for Krumboltz before L in LEARN) Donald Super Correct Answer career - developmental approach (life stage structure, developmental tasks, career patterns, career rainbow) Psychoeducational groups Correct Answer based on a client's level of functioning and personal needs, such as adverse effects of medication

Counseling Groups Correct Answer focus on conscious issues related to personal growth and development group therapy Correct Answer therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction Jacob Moreno, the Father of psychodrama Correct Answer Coined the term "group therapy" in 1931 T-Groups (Training Groups) Correct Answer These groups are often used to help employees build and improve interpersonal skills.Help people from organizational settings, develop human relations skills. Structured Groups Correct Answer are centered around certain issues such as shyness or how to prepare for a job interview self-help groups Correct Answer Often very popular for stigmatized illnesses like AIDS, anorexia, alcohol use disorder, etc. Carl Jung Correct Answer neo-Freudian who created concept of "collective unconscious" and wrote books on dream interpretation Jean Piaget Correct Answer Known for his theory of cognitive development in children Arnold Lazarus Correct Answer Pioneer in behavior therapy movement, especially in systematic desensitization. Associated with multimodal therapy. Albert Bandura Correct Answer pioneer in observational learning (AKA social learning), stated that people profit from the

mistakes/successes of others; Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls, children mimicked play B.F. Skinner Correct Answer Behaviorist that developed the theory of operant conditioning by training pigeons and rats Carl Rogers Correct Answer 1902 - 1987; Field: humanistic; Contributions: founded person-centered therapy, theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their freedom and potential for personal growth, unconditional positive regard, fully functioning person Albert Ellis Correct Answer pioneer in Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET), focuses on altering client's patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and emotions Robert Carkhuff Correct Answer known for his 5 point scale measuring empathy, genuineness, concreteness, and respect. Aaron Beck Correct Answer 1921 - present; Field: cognitive; Contributions: father of Cognitive Therapy, created Beck Scales- depression inventory, hopelessness scale, suicidal ideation, anxiety inventory, and youth inventories

• socratic questioning:the process of asking questions of a speaker focused on the responses to previous questions; its ultimate goal is to uncover the truth Fritz Perls Correct Answer developed Gestalt therapy Eric Berne's Correct Answer Transactional analysis; child, adult, parent

transactional analysis (TA) posits three ego states: the Child, the Adult, and the Parent. These roughly correspond to Freud's structural theory that includes William Glasser Correct Answer Father of Reality Therapy "Behavior is the control of our perceptions" Robert Wubbolding Correct Answer WDEP system W - explore clients' wants D - encourage discussion E - Self-Evaluation of behaviors P - Planning for change expanded the theory of reality therapy left hemisphere of brain Correct Answer controls right side of the body and is logical, verbacl, analytic and contains mathamatics, lauguage, & speech right hemisphere of brain Correct Answer The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for control of the left side of the body, and is the more emotional, artistic and creative side of the brain. G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924) Correct Answer Set up first psychological laboratory in North America; focused on development and education. Founded the American Journal of Psychology & popularized the study of the child and child guidance.

• first president of the american psychological association (APA) Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) Correct Answer "• stressed how children develop through interactions with the social environment•

zone of proximal development; a zone between what a child can and can't do" Lawrence Kohlberg Correct Answer moral development; presented boys moral dilemmas and studied their responses and reasoning processes in making moral decisions. Most famous moral dilemma is "Heinz" who has an ill wife and cannot afford the medication. Should he steal the medication and why? Daniel Levinson Correct Answer wrote Seasons of a Man's Life and Seasons (1978) of a Woman's Life. He viewed midlife crises as positive things, stating that those who do not face a midlife crisis could become stagnant later in life- avoiding the crises could lead to a lack of vitality later. James W. Fowler Correct Answer 6 stage of faith/ spiritual development stage 0: undifferentiated stage 1: intuitive-projective stage 2: mythic-literal stage 3: synthetic-conventional stage 4: individuative-reflective stage 5: conjunctive stage 6: universalizing Diana Baurmind Correct Answer parenting styles, authoritarian, permissive, authoritative Ethnocentrism Correct Answer given group sees itself as the standard by which other ethnic groups are measured Minority Identity Development Model Correct Answer 1. Conformity - prefers the dominant culture

2. Dissonance - begin to appreciate aspects of the minority culture and question values of dominant culture
3. Resistance (Immersion) - endorse minority held views only, reject dominant culture
4. Introspection - deeper analysis of attitudes and feelings. Negative feelings towards dominant culture is draining. Less likely to accept own culture values w/out critical thinking
5. Synergetic articulation & awareness (Integrative awareness) - ability to both appreciate and be critivcal of one's own culture and the dominant culture Dualism Correct Answer the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact (right or wrong) Relativism Correct Answer the notion that a perfect answer may not exist. Commitment in Relativism Correct Answer the individual is willing to change his or her opinion based on novel facts and new points of view Pansexual Correct Answer attracted to people irrespective of gender or sex milieu therapy Correct Answer a humanistic approach to institutional treatment based on the belief that institutions can help patients recover by creating a climate that promotes self-respect, responsible behavior, and meaningful activity Serotonin Correct Answer Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. Undersupply linked to depression. ex:SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Dopamine Correct Answer A neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system. ex: fuel schizophrenia Lithium Correct Answer stabilize mood ex: helps with bipolar disorder Cluster A personality disorders (odd/eccentric) Correct Answer Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder Cluster B personality disorders Correct Answer antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic Cluster C personality disorders (anxious, fearful) Correct Answer avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive paranoid personality disorder Correct Answer type of personality disorder characterized by extreme suspiciousness or mistrust of others schizoid personality disorder Correct Answer a personality disorder characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion schizotypal personality disorder Correct Answer a psychological disorder characterized by several traits that cause problems interpersonally, including constricted or inappropriate affect; magical or paranoid thinking; and odd beliefs, speech, behavior, appearance, and perceptions

antisocial personality disorder Correct Answer a personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist borderline personality disorder Correct Answer a personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures histrionic personality disorder Correct Answer a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and preoccupation with being the center of attention; emotional shallowness; overly dramatic behavior narcissistic personality disorder Correct Answer a personality disorder characterized by exaggerated ideas of self-importance and achievements; preoccupation with fantasies of success; arrogance avoidant personality disorder Correct Answer A personality disorder characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation. dependent personality disorder Correct Answer a personality disorder characterized by helplessness; excessive need to be taken care of; submissive and clinging behavior; difficulty in making decisions obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Correct Answer Person does not have any true obsessions/compulsions, but may instead accumulate money and worthless objects. Person is perfectionistic, rigid, and stubborn