Counseling Theories and Techniques, Exams of Health sciences

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OFFICIAL AMFTRB EXAM 3 2025 LATEST

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A 16-year-old girl has been verbally confrontational towards her 17 - year-old brother. Her parents do not know if family therapy is helping, because her behavior is worse since coming to therapy. A strategic family therapist believes that what is needed is Correct Answer second - order change, change consists of basic changes in the structure and functioning of a system that alters its fundamental organization. A symptomatic family can be said to undergo second-order change when a therapeutic intervention fundamentally disrupts the pattern of symptomatic interaction so it ceases. Pamela is a solution-focused therapist. She is working with Sally in helping her communicate with her family of origin more effectively. What does Pamela most likely believe may be the reason that Sally has struggled with this issue? Hint: maladaptive behavior is a result of becoming "stuck" in dealing with a problem due to continued reliance on the same ineffective methods for resolving it. Correct Answer Sally may be "stuck" in dealing with the problem due to her continued reliance on the same ineffective methods for resolving it. A client leaves a message on your answering machine, saying she is ending therapy. There has been no previous discussion of termination. What should you do? Correct Answer Call her to make sure she is not in crisis and is comfortable with her decision.

A behavioral treatment plan measures client progress by using _ that refers back to_ behaviors. Correct Answer measurable objectives and baseline A therapist using a feminist therapy approach would do all of the following EXCEPT Hint: To avoid pathologizing client's problems Correct Answer emphasize traditional assessment and diagnosis A client has been in therapy for eight months and says he wants to quit therapy. He feels that the original problems he came to therapy for have all been resolved. The therapist disagrees and thinks that there is good reason for the man to continue in therapy. The therapist should Correct Answer have a conversation with the client to discuss his reasons for wanting to terminate and the therapist's reasons for thinking he should continue During a professional staff meeting, a counselor says he is worried that if techniques are implemented to stop a 6-year-old boy from sucking his thumb, then he will begin biting his nails or stuttering. The counselor Correct Answer is most likely an analytically trained counselor concerned with symptom substitution. Hint: Behaviorists do strive for symptom reduction and do not believe in the concept of symptom substitution. An eclectic counselor Hint: Associated with Frederick C. Thorne. Correct Answer attempts to choose the best theoretical approach based on the client's attributes, resources, and situation.

(50% of counselors claim to be eclectic) cognitive dissonance Correct Answer unpleasant mental experience of tension resulting from two conflicting thoughts or beliefs and thus the person will be motivated to reduce the dissonance. Lifestyle, birth order, and family constellation are emphasized by Correct Answer Adler firstborn children Correct Answer feel inferior to younger children who receive attention; become overachievers second child Correct Answer will often try to compete with a firstborn child and often surpasses the first child's performance middle child Correct Answer will often feel that he or she is being treated unfairly. Middle children are sometimes seen as being quite manipulative and often feels squeezed out. youngest child Correct Answer can be pampered or spoiled; often excel by modeling/imitating the older children's behavior Who criticized the concept of the birth order? Correct Answer Wayne Dyer, famous for his self-improvement book Your Erroneous Zone Existentialism is to logotherapy as ________ is to behaviorism. Correct Answer associationism Hint: John Locke B. F. Skinner's reinforcement theory elaborated on Correct Answer Edward Thorndike's law of effect

An association that naturally exists, such as an animal salivating (an unconditioned response known as a UR or UCR) when food is presented, is called Correct Answer an unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Hint: condition=leaned, unconditioned= unlearned Skinner's operant conditioning is also referred to as Correct Answer instrumental learning. Hint: Skinner's last name has an "i" as does the word instrumental, whereas the word Pavlov doesn't. positive punishment Correct Answer adding an undesirable stimulus to stop or decrease a behavior negative punishment Correct Answer takes place when a stimulus is removed following the behavior and the response decreases. In Pavlov's famous experiment using dogs, the bell was the ________ and the meat was the ________. Correct Answer CS; UCS The most effective time interval (temporal relation) between the CS and the US Correct Answer is .5 or half a second. stimulus discrimination Correct Answer the tendency to stop making a generalized response to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus because the similar stimulus is never paired with the unconditioned stimulus stimulus generalization Correct Answer the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response

Hint: In the famous Little Albert experiment, a child was conditioned to fear a harmless white furry animal. Historical accounts indicate that the child also began to fear a Santa Claus mask. experimental neurosis Correct Answer When the differentiation process becomes too tough because stimuli are almost identical In one experiment, a dog was conditioned to salivate to a bell paired with a fast-food cheeseburger. The researcher then kept ringing the bell without giving the dog the cheeseburger. This is known as Correct Answer extinction, and the salivation will disappear In general, behavior modification strategies are based heavily on ________, while behavior therapy emphasizes ________. Correct Answer instrumental conditioning; classical conditioning = Skinnerian principles; Pavlovian principles A behavioristic counselor decides upon aversive conditioning as the treatment of choice for a gentleman who wishes to give up smoking. The counselor begins by taking a baseline. This is accomplished Correct Answer by charting the occurrence of the behavior prior to any therapeutic intervention. Neal Miller Correct Answer The first studies, which demonstrated that animals could indeed be conditioned to control autonomic processes, were conducted by When a counselor refers to a counseling paradigm, she really means Correct Answer a treatment model A man says, "My life has been lousy for the past six months." The counselor replies, "Can you tell me specifically what has made life

so bad for the last six months?" The counselor is Correct Answer using concreteness. "Biofeedback" is a type of _____ therapy: Correct Answer psychosomatic Hint: does not change the client, it merely provides the client and helper with biological information such that the client can master self-regulation. E.g.; scale and mirror When something is added following an operant, it is known as a ________, and when something is taken away it is called a ________. Correct Answer positive reinforcer; negative reinforcer According to the Premack principle, an efficient reinforcer is what the client himself or herself likes to do. Thus, in this procedure Correct Answer a lower-probability behavior is reinforced by a higher-probability behavior. The two basic classes of intermittent reinforcement schedules are the ________, based on the number of responses and the ________, based on the time elapsed. Correct Answer ratio; interval Hint: The terms fixed and variable are often used with ratio and interval. "Fixed" implies that the reinforcement always takes place after a fixed time or number of responses, while "variable" implies that an average number of responses or times may be used.) The most difficult intermittent schedule to extinguish is the Correct Answer variable ratio.

Hint: Variable schedules are more effective than fixed schedules. Ratio schedules are more effective than interval schedules. (Most effective) VR, VI, FR, FI (Least effective) Joseph Wolpe created systematic desensitization, a form of reciprocal inhibition based on counterconditioning. His strategy has been used in individual and group settings. When using his technique, the acronym SUDS stands for Correct Answer subjective units of disturbance scale. Hint: is a popular treatment of choice for phobias and situations which produce high anxiety An alcoholic is given Antabuse, which is a drug that causes nausea when paired with alcohol. This technique is called Correct Answer aversive conditioning. Systematic desensitization consists of these orderly steps Correct Answer relaxation training, construction of anxiety hierarchy, desensitization in imagination, and in vivo desensitization. Most experts would agree that ________ is most threatening for clients as well as counselors. Correct Answer silence A counselor believes that clients who receive assertiveness training will ask more questions in counseling classes. An experimental group receives assertiveness training while a control group does not. In order to test for significant differences between the groups the counselor should utilize Correct Answer the student's t test. In a new study the clients do not know whether they are receiving an experimental treatment for depression or whether they are

simply part of the control group. This is, nevertheless, known to the researcher. Thus, this is a Correct Answer single-blind study. A large study at a major university gave an experimental group of clients a new type of therapy that was intended to ameliorate test anxiety. The control group did not receive the new therapy. Neither the clients nor the researchers knew which students received the new treatment. This was a Correct Answer double- blind study. Typical AB design Correct Answer An AB or ABA time-series design is the simplest type of single-subject research and was initially popularized by behavior modifiers in the 1960s and 1970s Hint: models that rely on "continuous-measurement." A baseline is secured (A); intervention is implemented (B); and the outcome is examined via a new baseline (A) in the case of the ABA design Experimental is to cause and effect as correlational is to Correct Answer degree of relationship. In a normal curve the mean, the median, and the mode all fall precisely in the middle of the curve. From a graphical standpoint the so-called normal or Gaussian curve (named after the astronomer/mathematician K. F. Gauss) looks like Correct Answer a symmetrical bell. Key information Correct Answer Hot hint: I want you to commit to memory the fact that the 68- 95 - 99.7 rule (the empirical rule) states that in a normal distribution 68% of the scores fall within +/- 1 standard deviation (SD) of the mean; 95% within 2 SDs of the mean; and 99.7% within 3 SDs of the mean. The verdict: almost all the scores will fall between 3 SDs of the mean.

A bimodal distribution has two modes (i.e., most frequently occurring scores). Graphically, this looks roughly like Correct Answer a camel's back with two humps. In a basic curve or so-called frequency polygon the point of maximum concentration is the Correct Answer mode. The most useful measure of central tendency is the Correct Answer mean, often abbreviated by an X with a bar over it. From a mathematical standpoint, the mean is merely the sum of the scores divided by the number of scores. The mean is misleading when Correct Answer the distribution is skewed. & there are extreme scores. In a new experiment, a counselor educator wants to ferret out the effects of more than one IV. She will use a ________ design. Correct Answer factorial Billy received an 82 on his college math final. This is Billy's raw score on the test. A raw score simply refers to the number of items correctly answered. A raw score is expressed in the units by which it was originally obtained. The raw score is not altered mathematically. Billy's raw score indicates that Correct Answer more information is obviously necessary. A distribution with class intervals can be graphically displayed via a bar graph also called a Correct Answer histogram. When a horizontal line is drawn under a frequency distribution it is known as Correct Answer the x axis. hint: When graphically representing data, the "x axis" (also called the abscissa) is used to plot the independent variable. The x axis

is the horizontal axis. The "y axis" (also called the ordinate) is the vertical axis which is used as a scale for the dependent variable. The range is a measure of variance and usually is calculated by determining the difference between the highest and the lowest score. Thus, on a test where the top score was a 93 and the lowest score was a 33 out of 100, the range would be Correct Answer 61 A sociogram is to a counseling group as a scattergram is to Correct Answer a correlation coefficient. Hint: A scattergram—also known as a scatterplot—is a pictorial diagram or graph of two variables being correlate John Henry Effect Correct Answer The tendency for people based in a control group to perceive themselves at a disadvantage to the experimental group and work harder in order to overcome the perceived deficiency. (History of the name: legendary American steel driver in the 1870s who, when he heard his output was being compared with that of a steam drill, worked so hard to outperform the machine he died in the process.) A counselor educator is teaching two separate classes in individual inventory. In the morning class the counselor educator has 53 students and in the afternoon class she has 177 students. A statistician would expect that the range of scores on a test would be Correct Answer greater in the afternoon class than the morning class. The variance is a measure of dispersion of scores around some measure of central tendency. The variance is the standard deviation squared. A popular IQ test has a standard deviation (SD) of 15. A counselor would expect that if the mean IQ score is

100, then Correct Answer 68% of the people who take the test will score between 85 and 115 Hint: Statistically speaking 68.26% of the scores fall within + or - 1 SD of the mean; 95.44% of the scores fall within + or - 2 SD of the mean; and 99.74% of the scores fall within +/-3 SD of the mean. The standard deviation (SD) is the square root of the variance. A z-score of +1 would be the same as Correct Answer 1 SD above the mean. A t-score is different from a z-score. A z-score is the same as the SD. A t-score, however, has a mean of 50 with every 10 points landing at a SD above or below the mean. Thus a t-score of 60 would equal +1 SD while a t-score of 40 would be Correct Answer

• 1 SD Your supervisor insists you rely on a teleological approach with a client. Pick the correct statement. Correct Answer You would focus on the client's goal to become a stock broker in four years when she finishes her business degree. Hint: ense that a future event is responsible for the client's current behavior. A counselor is performing CBT. He believes his client is not dealing with the real or core issue causing the difficulty. The most effective ploy would be to Correct Answer use the downward arrow technique, created by David D. Burns, M.D. Hint: is highly recommended to ferret out what the client is truly upset about and make the client aware of this issue.

You are conducting a session using CBT; however, you are incorporating mindfulness as well as into the session. Strictly speaking you are Correct Answer third wave CBT. Hint: Dev. by Steven C. Hayes First wave treatments were based on operant and classical conditioning such as the work of B. F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov. Second wave interventions focused heavily on cognitions depicted by the work of Albert Ellis and Aaron T. Beck. Third wave or contemporary approaches incorporate DBT, motivational interviewing, and ACT (pronounced just like the word act), which stands for acceptance and commitment therapy A counselor is using telephone coaching with a client. The counselor is most likely to base her treatment on Correct Answer DBT as set forth by Marsha M. Linehan. Hint: used in the late 1980s with suicidal clients as well as those with borderline personality disorder and is now used with an array of mental health issue & This model relies on four modes: (1) skills training; (2) phone counseling; (3) therapist consultation team; (4) individual treatment. According to attribution theory and the self-serving bias, if you pass your exam _________ and if you fail your exam ___________. Correct Answer it is because of dispositional issues; it is because of situational issues Mr. Donald is seeing you for a gambling addiction problem. Several years ago he won a huge amount of money at the casino from a slot machine. As soon as he pulled the handle he snapped

his fingers. Now he always snaps his fingers after he pulls a slot machine handle. His superstition can best be explained by Correct Answer accidental reinforcement. Hint: B. F. Skinner discovered this when he reinforced pigeons with food for no special reason and discovered that whatever the pigeon was doing (say spinning around or pecking) they tended to repeat the behavior According to the DSM- 5 Correct Answer pathological gambling is a disorder and is listed with Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders You conduct a true experiment. The results between the several groups are statistically significant. You have rejected the null hypothesis. Correct Answer You should still provide an effect size (ES) statistic. A correlation/association between variables x and y is .50. According to the notion of effect size (ES) Correct Answer the correlation is medium. Hint: A small association is .20 or less; medium is .50 or less; and large, strong, or big (yes all these terms are used) checks in at .80 or higher. Transgender individuals have an attempted suicide rate which is approximately 25 times higher than the rate for the general population. A high percentage of transgender youth experience oppression and are physically assaulted. A transgender does not identify with the gender they were given at birth or the person's expression differs from societal expectations. What is cisgender? Correct Answer A person who identifies with the gender they were assigned at birth and hence by definition

this person is not a transgender individual. According to existential therapist Irvin D. Yalom and author of Staring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of Death. Correct Answer most therapists are afraid of their own mortality and avoid the topic of death Hint: convinced that we are all hardwired to have anxiety about death. The order of the four processes that MI uses is Correct Answer Engaging Focusing Evoking Planning Hint: the counselor is not intended to be an expert, but rather a partner. Program evaluation (PE) helps agencies, organizations, and centers make wiser decisions. PE takes place in a natural, rather than a laboratory or controlled, setting and helps _________ answer questions posed via __________. Correct Answer programs; staff Hint: When performing PE use existing data whenever possible to keep the cost down. According to the human growth and development notion of plasticity every client you see Correct Answer can alter his or her traits at any point in the life span. According to the fetal origins hypothesis, adult heart disease, some emotional disorders, and type 2 diabetes could be related to Correct Answer utero malnutrition

Hint: merely means in the womb, During a counseling session Mrs. Sander's 13-year-old daughter Jamie tries to speak. Mrs. Sanders says, "I told you not to say anything." Her daughter wants to know why she cannot talk. Mrs. Sanders replies, "Because I'm the parent, end of discussion young lady." According to the parenting typology of Diana Baumrind, Mrs. Sanders is Correct Answer an authoritarian parent. Hint: know that the authoritative parent (choice "a") does champion give and take verbal exchanges with the child, while the authoritarian parent (choice "b") does not. As a private practice counselor your ________ would be most important in terms of filing claims. Correct Answer NPI number (National Provider Identifier) A counselor is seeing a client on a managed care plan. Unfortunately, the client has used up her maximum number of sessions for the year. The counselor is convinced that the client is in need of additional counseling, however, the counselor's agency will not allow him to see her for any additional sessions. The best plan of action would be for the counselor to Correct Answer refer the client for continued counseling to a practitioner who will see the client whether or not she has managed care benefits. Warren needs to conduct a study. His supervisor wants him to use a parametric inferential statistic. This means that Correct Answer he will need to use random sampling and the distribution is normal.

Gay men and women Correct Answer basically have the same range of gender role behaviors as do male and female heterosexuals. Binge Eating Disorder (BED) Correct Answer An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating more food in a short period of time than most people would eat, during which the person feels a lack of control over eating. The MOST COMMON type of eating disorder Bulimia is classified as Correct Answer an eating disorder that occurs primarily in women. Hint: Low body weight is typical in anorexia, but not in bulimia or binge-eating disorder Matt was diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder (SSD), with predominant pain. It is safe to say that Correct Answer no physiological basis or medical condition can be found to explain his reaction. Neurocounseling research indicates that the _______________ is dominant ___________ Correct Answer left hemisphere; in most people __________ seemingly is related to serotonin in the brain. Deficits of serotonin are thought to cause depression. Correct Answer Tryptophan, an amino acid Which statement best reflects the position of neurogenesis? Correct Answer A 76-year-old man signs up for a course in chess and generates more neurons.

You gave your client, Ester, a personality test and then shared your interpretation of the test with her. Your client was amazed at how accurate the test results were in terms of depicting her personality. She readily accepted the interpretation. The next day you discovered that you had interpreted the wrong test! The test you were analyzing was not Ester's but rather belonged to another client! Ester's behavior could best be explained by Correct Answer the Barnum effect. Hint: the Barnum effect (which can also be dubbed the Forer effect after the psychologist who discovered it, Bertram R. Forer) refers to the fact that clients will often accept a general psychological test report, horoscope, or palm reading and believe it applies specifically to them Pick the most accurate statement. Correct Answer Behavior therapies based on classical conditioning are commonly used to treat phobias, but are also utilized for clients with obsessive- compulsive disorders (OCD) As a gambling addiction counselor Laura is well aware that slot machines operate on a Correct Answer variable ratio schedule of reinforcement. A counseling agency decides to pay their employees once a week. The agency is using a Correct Answer fixed interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement. The mean score on a new counseling exam is 65. The standard deviation is 15. Tanja scored a 35. This tells us that Correct Answer she had a z-score of - 2. Hint: scored 2 standard deviations below the mean

An exam has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 20. Phil has a score of 90. His score would fall Correct Answer near the 98th percentile and the 9th stanine. Before ________ child psychologists studied the child, sociologists studied the family, anthropologists studied society, economists analyzed the economic framework, and political scientists investigated the political structure. Correct Answer Urie Bronfenbrenner John Gottman is known for Correct Answer creating a paradigm to predict which marriages would likely end in divorce A time-series design is a quasi-experimental design Correct Answer without randomly chosen control and experimental groups, which relies on multiple observations of the dependent variable (i.e., the thing you are measuring) before and after the treatment occurs. Postmodernist Tom Anderson, a psychiatrist from Norway, became disenchanted with traditional family therapy. He began using a radical approach based primarily on Correct Answer a one-way mirror and a reflecting treatment team. Which therapist could best be described as atheoretical? Correct Answer Carl Whitaker Ackerman is psychodynamic. Haley is strategic. Minuchin is structural. Bowen is intergenerational. Another well-known intergenerational family therapist would be Correct Answer Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy (enunciated Naahge). When a structural therapist uses the term boundaries he or she really means Correct Answer the physical and psychological entities that separate individuals and subsystems from others in

the family. A family is seeing a structural family therapist because there is a huge argument every time the subject of the 16-year-old daughter's boyfriend comes up. The therapist says, "Okay, I want you to play like you are at home and act out precisely what transpires when the subject of your daughter's boyfriend is mentioned." The structural family therapist is using a technique called Correct Answer enactment A model by Olson, Sprenkle, and Russell suggests that family functioning can be described in two dimensions—cohesion and adaptability. The family therapy term cohesion refers to the level of emotional bonding between family members. Adaptability refers to Correct Answer how rigid, structured, flexible, or chaotic the family is. hint: family's balance between stability, known as morphostasis and change, known as morphogenesis. When working with an African American family, the best approach would probably be Correct Answer Bowen's family therapy; Minuchin's structural family therapy; or Haley's strategic family therapy. A family counselor treats an Asian American family exactly like he treats the Arab American families in his caseload. He also imposes values from his own culture on them. This counselor has been described in the literature as Correct Answer - lacking cultural sensitivity.

• culturally encapsulated. A client remarks that her depression is extremely intense. Her strategic counselor remarks, "It is very possible your depression

is hopeless. It is possible you will never get over it." Her comment is an example of Correct Answer positioning Hint: occurs when a helper accepts the client's predicament and then exaggerates the condition. Jay Haley believes in giving clients directives. You are counseling a family and during the session the 14-year-old daughter exclaims that she is suicidal. The best example of a directive would be Correct Answer you turn to the family and say, "If your daughter threatens suicide this week I want the entire family—including your daughter—to stay home and nobody leaves for the day." Nathan Ackerman is considered a famous psychoanalytic family therapist; so are Correct Answer James Framo and Robin Skynner. In psychoanalytic family therapy the term introjects really means that the client Correct Answer unconsciously internalizes the positive and negative characteristics of the objects within themselves. All of the techniques listed below would be used by a behavioristic family therapist except: Correct Answer family sculpting Hint: related to virginia satir ou secure a job as the executive director of a family counseling agency. As you go through your files you discover that five years before you took the job the agency selected 100 families and counseled them using a strict behaviorist model. The agency took the next group of 100 families and counseled them using Satir's experiential conjoint family therapy model. Each family received 12 sessions of therapy and each family took a before and after

assessment that accurately depicted how well the family was functioning. You decide to run a t test to examine whether or not a statistically significant difference is evident between the two approaches. This is Correct Answer causal comparative or ex post facto (i.e., after the fact) research. Hint: Causal comparative and correlational research and surveys are called nonexperimental designs A couple is having sexual problems that stem from anxiety. A marriage counselor who is a strict behaviorist would most likely Correct Answer rely on systematic desensitization procedures Hint: purist technique A male is supervising a female counselor for state licensing. He tells her that he will continue to supervise her as long as she has sex with him. This is an example of Correct Answer quid pro quo/ "something for something," Hint: Here the term (i.e., quid pro quo) is being used (in a different context to question 920) in a negative manner that constitutes sexual harassment. A behavioristic marriage and family therapist is counseling the entire family together. She turns to the 18-year-old son who is attending community college and says, "You must complete your sociology essay before you can use the family car and go out with your friends." Which theorist is primarily guiding her intervention strategy? Correct Answer David Premack's principle or law. Hint: suggests that a family member must complete an unpleasant task (known as a low- probability behavior; LPB) before he or she would be allowed to engage in a pleasant task

The person who becomes overly reasonable (responsible analyzer) Correct Answer is likely to engage in the defense mechanism of intellectualization A family wants to see you for counseling; however, they have a very limited income and can't afford to pay. You therefore agree to see the family for free (i.e., pro bono). The term that best describes your actions would be Correct Answer aspirational ethics. Cybernetics is a concept used by family therapists. It is usually associated with the work of Correct Answer Norbert Wiener Hint: asked to investigate how guns could be aimed to hit moving targets and teamed up with mathematician John von Neumannn Family counselors generally believe in Correct Answer circular/reciprocal causality (e.g., dynamics of family members). You are seeing a husband and wife for marriage counseling. During one of the sessions you decide to see them separately. The husband tells you he has seen an attorney because he is filing for divorce. He has not told his wife and indicates that he will not do so. You feel the wife has a right to know this because it will help her plan for the future. You should Correct Answer only tell his wife if he gives you permission. A married couple brings their two children to counseling for behavioral problems. The 14-year-old daughter stays out late and their 17-year-old son is using drugs. According to most marriage and family therapists the identified patient would be Correct Answer the family neuroplasticity Correct Answer the ability of the nervous system to change in response to experience or the environment

Functional MRI (fMRI) Correct Answer technique that uses magnetic fields to visualize brain activity using changes in blood oxygen level and in instantaneous real time. DSM- 5 Correct Answer the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. It does NOT predict treatment outcomes nor does it provide insight into the etiology of the mental disorders A man has a rare, highly contagious disease that is fatal. He is keeping it a secret and insists that he will never tell his wife. You should Correct Answer break confidentiality and tell his wife. The 1950s was the age of tremendous strides in Correct Answer developmental psychology (Piaget, Erikson, Havinghurst) The ________ movement began in the late 1960s. Correct Answer group The major trend that impacted upon the counseling movement in the 1980s Correct Answer included an emphasis on professionalism, certification, and licensing. Counseling became popular after the 1931 publication of Correct Answer Workbook in Vocations by William Proctor, Glidden Ross Benefield, and Gilbert Wrenn. Historically speaking, the first psychology laboratory was set up by Correct Answer Wilhelm Wundt, in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany.

Hint: Wundt was convinced that psychology could be accepted as a science if consciousness could be measured. Wundt's school of thought is termed structuralism because his interest was in the "structure" of consciousness Frank Parsons, who set up community centers to help individuals in search of work. Correct Answer Father of Guidance You are treating a man who suffers from panic disorder. His panic attacks are so severe he cannot drive to work. After just three sessions he is not only driving to work but has taken up sky diving to demonstrate his progress over his fear. You would love to put his testimonial on your brochure to show how adept you are at treating this affliction. You should Correct Answer not ask him for a testimonial since it would constitute an ethics violation. ________ are the leading causes of malpractice actions taken against counselors, therapists, and mental health providers. Correct Answer Confidentiality and dual relationships Hint: Excessive self- disclosure on the part of the helper can be considered malpractice, if it doesn't help the client. The doctor-patient consultation model relies on four distinct stages: entry, diagnosis, implementation, and evaluation. In order for the doctor-patient structure to work, the consultee (i.e., the person receiving the consultation) must accurately depict symptomatology, trust the consultant's diagnosis, and carry out the consultant's directives. This model is associated most closely with the work of Correct Answer Schein. The most popular paradigm of mental health consultation has been proposed by Correct Answer Caplan.

The type of mental health service provided to the client is coded via ________ and is generally required for insurance payments. Correct Answer the AMA's Current Procedural Terminology (e.g., CPT 90844) During a counseling session your client tells you in great detail how he robbed a convenience store six months ago. He got away with a huge sum of money and shot the owner. His descriptions are extremely specific and you believe every word he says. In reality, you are very familiar with the case because the police never solved it and it has been all over the radio and television stations in your town. There is even a huge reward to anybody who can help law enforcement agencies solve the case. Ethically, you should Correct Answer just keep it confidential. V code diagnoses Correct Answer day to day problems, not psychological problems (acculturation, occupational, academic, malingering) Nosology refers to a system of classification. Name the nosological system(s) utilized by professional counselors who diagnose clients. Correct Answer - DSM.

• ICD. A 39-year-old female secretary you are seeing in your assertiveness training group reveals that she is plotting to shoot her husband. Based on the Tarasoff case you should Correct Answer warn the husband During a counseling session a 42-year-old male client threatens suicide. You should Correct Answer contact his wife and advise her of possible suicide precautions.