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CP FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Typology: Exams
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Define Federalism. - ANSWER>>System of gov. in which a written Constitution divides the powers of gov. on a territorial basis between a central gov. and several regional governments. Why did the framers leave some sections of the Constitution without detail, like and outline? - ANSWER>>They wanted to keep the const. flexible, allowing for changing times. Describe the division of power established by federalism. - ANSWER>>assigns certain powers to the National gov. and reserves others to the state. To do a body cavity search at an international border, which of the following is needed? - ANSWER>>Probable cause In Ferguson v. City of Charleston (2001), involving state hospital obstetric patients who were arrested for child abuse after testing positive for cocaine while pregnant, SCOTUS decided that the searches: - ANSWER>>Did violate the Fourth Amendment, because they were warrantless, suspicionless, and nonconsensual In Norris v. Premier Integrity Solutions, Inc. (2011), the Sixth Circuit Court held that certain individuals had a diminished expectation of privacy. To which type of individual did the court refer? - ANSWER>>A pre-trial detainee who has consented to drug testing
In building probable cause, police officers may rely on what they: - ANSWER>>See, hear, smell, and taste Although SCOTUS has not ruled on this issue, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals has upheld Georgia's statute, which requires mandatory testing and storage of DNA for what population? - ANSWER>>Incarcerated felons What legal doctrine states that school officials are substitute parents when students are in school? - ANSWER>>In loco parentis Special needs searches include all of the following characteristics, except: - ANSWER>>Their reasonableness depends entirely on protecting invasions of individual privacy Which of the following cases involved the use of a taser? - ANSWER>>Estate of Ronald Armstrong v. Village of Pinehurst (2016) New York v. Belton (1981) extended the Chimel rule to: - ANSWER>>Interior vehicle searches, if the individual arrested is outside the car T/F: The Fourth Amendment doesn't condemn all searches, only "unreasonable" searches. - ANSWER>>True Which of the following is not a requirement for obtaining a warrant to arrest a
suspect at home? - ANSWER>>The suspect's criminal history Police ordinarily seek consent to search - ANSWER>>When they do not have probable cause and cannot get a warrant. T/F: The scope of a search incident to arrest includes the entire place where the suspect is arrested. - ANSWER>>False A batch of letter-sized airmail envelopes-from a country well-known as a source of narcotics-that are bulky and much heavier than ordinary airmail letters, are stopped at the Post Office in New York. A U.S. Customs Inspector opens the letters and finds heroin. No search warrant was sought. Would this be considered an illegal search and seizure? - ANSWER>>No, because it constitutes a "border search" and anything crossing the border falls within this exception. What is the name of an emergency created by the need to pursue a fleeing suspect?
participating in the school district's athletic programs was reasonable T/F: In Draper v. United States, SCOTUS determined that information that may not be admissible at trial to prove guilt could still be used to establish probable cause. - ANSWER>>True According to SCOTUS in Chimel v. California, involving the search of a house incident to an arrest for burglary of a coin ship: - ANSWER>>It is not reasonable to search an entire house incident to a lawful arrest T/F: Most searches require warrants to be reasonable. - ANSWER>>False The criminal procedure value of balancing privacy and community safety weights heavily on which side of the balance? - ANSWER>>The privacy side The landmark SCOTUS case Tennessee v. Garner (1985) involved the authority of police to use deadly force to stop fleeing felons. In this case, SCOTUS held that: - ANSWER>>Deadly force could be used only if the officer using it had probable cause to believe the fleeing felon posed a physical danger to himself or others The leading SCOTUS cases regarding the Fourth Amendment and drug testing involve all of the following settings, except: - ANSWER>>Citizens in airports T/F: During and after arrests, officers can use only the amount of force that is objectively reasonable to get and maintain control of suspects. - ANSWER>>False In Knowles v. Iowa, concerning an instance where a driver had been given a citation
for speeding but had not been arrested, SCOTUS held that: - ANSWER>>Police could not automatically do a search incident to arrest when only a citation is involved T/F: Special needs searches can never result in prosecution and conviction. - ANSWER>>False T/F: Arrests have to satisfy the reasonableness requirement of the Fourth Amendment. - ANSWER>>True Under the holding in Chimel v. California (1969), a leading SCOTUS case on searches incident to arrest, the police must limit a thorough search incident to arrest to: - ANSWER>>The arrestee's person and the area within the arrestee's immediate control T/F: Victims and witnesses are the source of most hearsay information that the police obtain. - ANSWER>>False In Tennessee v. Garner, involving the death of a citizen due to the use of deadly force by the police, SCOTUS ruled that: - ANSWER>>Apprehension by the use of deadly force is a seizure subject to the reasonableness requirement of the Fourth Amendment, and a police officer may not seize an unarmed, nondangerous suspect by shooting the suspect dead. T/F: SCOTUS has not addressed the extent to which the Fourth Amendment protects
university students in their dorm rooms. - ANSWER>>True In which of the following situations have the courts found a use of unreasonable force? - ANSWER>>Binding a suspect's ankles to his wrists behind his back (hogtying) In what case did SCOTUS hold that the Fourth Amendment authorized a police officer to make a full custodial arrest for a fine-only criminal offense occurring in the officer's presence? - ANSWER>>Atwater v. City of Lago Vista (2001) According to SCOTUS in Draper v. U.S., involving a narcotics arrest based on an informant's description of a suspect: - ANSWER>>Hearsay can be used to determine probable cause What rule states that in arrests, courts don't admit secondhand evidence to prove guilt, but, if it's reliable and truthful, they'll accept it to show probable cause to arrest? - ANSWER>>Hearsay rule According to the Court of Appeals decision in United States v. Rodney: - ANSWER>>Consent to search a person includes consent to frisk the groin area. In Tennessee v. Garner (1985), SCOTUS decided that: - ANSWER>>Police cannot shoot a fleeing suspect if the suspect poses no imminent danger. T/F: One of the factors in determining the reasonableness of a search pursuant to a search warrant depends on the manner in which the police enter the place that the
warrant authorizes them to search. - ANSWER>>True Probable cause deals with: - ANSWER>>Factual and practical considerations of everyday life Which of the following usually occurs after a misdemeanor arrest? - ANSWER>>Release The following are all examples of emergency search situations, except: - ANSWER>>Searching a home with a suspected drug dealer inside Which of the following is not needed to satisfy the Fourth Amendment's warrant requirement? - ANSWER>>Reasonable suspicion T/F: Arrests produce written documents that become part of a person;s record. - ANSWER>>True According to State v. Ellis, who may conduct a dormitory room search in Ohio without any justification? - ANSWER>>Resident assistants In U.S. v. Robinson (1973), the police had stopped the defendant for driving with a revoked driver's permit. SCOTUS's ruling with respect to the legality of the search of the defendant is important, because it held that: - ANSWER>>A search incident to a full custody arrest may be conducted regardless of the likelihood of finding weapons or evidence on the arrestee's person
T/F: The border search exception allows searches at international borders without warrants or probable cause - ANSWER>>True The "grabbable area" allows police to search: - ANSWER>>Only the area within the suspect's immediate control or "arms length." Most cases demand that arrest warrants identify the person to be arrested: - ANSWER>>With reasonable certainty With regard to border searches, the SCOTUS has found that: - ANSWER>>The national interest in controlling the nation's borders outweighs the invasion of privacy caused by routine border searches Regarding searches of probationers' homes, U.S. v. Knights (2011) relaxed the standard of reasonableness to include searches by: - ANSWER>>Law enforcement officers Describe the American concept of democracy. - ANSWER>>Those who rule can not be held responsible to the will of the people. List the three basic powers. - ANSWER>>Legislative power, Judicial power, and Executive power. Why did the federalist support ratification of the constitution? - ANSWER>>The need for a stronger central government.
What was the biggest criticism of the Constitution when it was drafted? - ANSWER>>it did not guarantee basic rights. Which basic principle of govt means the individuals have basic rights that the government cannot take away? - ANSWER>>Limited government. Who can propose constitutional amendments? - ANSWER>>two-thirds vote of congress Describe the system of checks and balances. - ANSWER>>Each brand of the federal govt. can limit the power of the other two branches. How is the Constitution organized? - ANSWER>>a preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments. What is the role of a political party in politics? - ANSWER>>seek to modify the condensing views of various interests and groups, encourage compromise, and so help to unify, rather than divide the American people. Why do democrats and republicans take similar stands on any issues? - ANSWER>>They both want to win, they both want to shape positions that will attract as many voters as possible, and at the same time offend as few as possible. List the voting requirements enforced by all states. - ANSWER>>Must be a U.S. citizens, must be 18 years of age, must be a legal resident in Washington D.C.
How does the media help to shape the public agenda? - ANSWER>>report and comment on events, issues, & personalities. What is the role of the internet in providing political information? - ANSWER>>Virtual gov., agencies, interest groups, political parties, elected officials, and candidates campaigns are available online. What is the difference of a political party and an interest group. - ANSWER>>Parties nominate candidates for public office, interests groups do not. Parties are chiefly interested in winning elections and thereby controlling gov. Interest groups are chiefly concerned with controlling or influencing the policies of the gov. Define propaganda. - ANSWER>>technique of persuasion aimed at influencing individual or group behaviors. How do members of the senate and house of representatives represent the people of their state differently? - ANSWER>>A senator always represents the entire state. How are senators and representatives elected? - ANSWER>>By the people How is the speaker of the house chosen? - ANSWER>>each major party conference or caucus nominates a candidate for speaker. elected by roll call vote What was the purpose of the War Powers Resolution of 1973? - ANSWER>>to ensure both congress and the president share in making decisions that may get the U.S. involved in hostilities.
After the vice president, who is next in line to become president of the U.S. - ANSWER>>pro tempore How many terms can a president serve? - ANSWER>>two terms Describe how the president works with congress as the chief legislator. - ANSWER>>sets overall shape of the congressional agenda. If the president does not act on a bill within 10 days, what happens to the bill? - ANSWER>>it becomes a law What type of agreement does a newly elected president NOT have to honor? - ANSWER>>an executive agreement by the previous administration What is a bureaucracy? - ANSWER>>system of organizations based on the principles of the hierarchical authority, formalized rules, and job specializations. Which department does the attorney general lead? - ANSWER>>department of justice Why did the government increase during the great depression? - ANSWER>>many Americans were unemployed
Define budget deficit - ANSWER>>used to refer gov. spending which tax is withheald from employee paychecks? - ANSWER>>FICA what is the purpose of a U.S. passport - ANSWER>> In a free enterprise system, what usually happens when businesses compete with each other to produce goods and services? - ANSWER>>Competition keeps prices down If a state is sovereign, it - ANSWER>>has supreme and absolute power within its own territory. What was stated in the English Bill of Rights? - ANSWER>>A person charged with a crime could have a jury trial. Why did the Framers leave any mention of political parties out of the Constitution? - ANSWER>>They wanted to discourage political parties. Which of the following might best describe the Framers' reasoning in choosing federalism? - ANSWER>>A divided government is less prone to abuse. Which describes how the extradition process helps states to enforce their laws? - ANSWER>>Fugitives who flee to another state will be returned for trial.
Which is a true statement about political parties in the United States? - ANSWER>>The Framers did not want political parties All of the following are universal qualifications for voting in the United States except
What type of committee might the House and Senate form to work together on an investigation of a particular issue? - ANSWER>>joint committee The powers of the independent regulatory commissions - ANSWER>>are executive, legislative, and judicial in nature Which office was born following the failure of pre-9/11 intelligence agencies to collect and share information that might have warned of al Qaeda's coming attacks?