CPCE Exam 160 Questions with Verified Answers 2023, Exams of Career Counseling

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CPCE Exam 160 Questions with Verified Answers 2023 The counseling technique in which the counselor intensifies the client's emotional state in order to help the client understand the irrationality of the emotional reaction is known as - CORRECT ANSWER Paradoxical intention The concepts of "career maturity" has been described and researched most extensively by - CORRECT ANSWER Crites Longitudinal research is rarely conducted in the counseling and development professions primarily due to the - CORRECT ANSWER High costs of implementation The credibility of studies published in refereed journals is usually higher than studies published in non-refereed journals because - CORRECT ANSWER The "blind review" of articles accepted for refereed journals lessens bias A distinguishing characteristic of behavioral approaches to counseling is a strong emphasis on establishment of counseling goals that - CORRECT ANSWER Are measurable and observable *Client:* "Most the time things are fine, but I hate it when my parents fight. It makes me want to run away from home." *Counselor:* "Is it possible that you both love and hate your parents?" The counselor's response is an example of the counseling skill known as - CORRECT ANSWER Interpretation The strongest (type of) argument that can be made for the validity of the results of a research study is when - CORRECT ANSWER Replications of the study support the results Which of the following provides the primary standards and guidelines for development of assessment instruments and procedures? - CORRECT ANSWER Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing Qualitative research is said to be "context sensitive" based on the belief that human behavior is - CORRECT ANSWER Influenced by the settings in which it occurs Clients who adhere to a notion of universal truth about members of minority groups that disregards cultural variations are exhibiting a psychological state known as - CORRECT ANSWER Cultural encapsulation Stratified sampling is sometimes better than random sampling, especially for - CORRECT ANSWER Comparing the performance of well-differentiated subgroups What is not a goal of Gestalt counseling groups? - CORRECT ANSWER Helping individuals achieve integration, helping group members "grow up," and helping individuals accept anxiety as part of life In the Synergistic Stage of racial identity development models, the person who is a member of a minority group - CORRECT ANSWER Adopts a pluralistic worldview Often a group progresses effectively towards its goals primarily due to the personal and professional respect the members have for the group leader. Leaders enjoying this situation would be most effective using which of the following group leadership styles? - CORRECT ANSWER Charismatic Single-subject research designs all begin with establishment of the _______________ condition. - CORRECT ANSWER Baseline You are conducting career counseling with a 19-year-old female who had a B average in high school, reports having studied "only moderately," and currently works in a machine shop. Both she and her supervisor report that she is very adept at the work. She also is a student at the local college and is making mostly C and D grades, and reports that she becomes morose and sullen if she studies for long periods of time. She also reports that her parents want her to enter a "profession," but are vague to which one. Which stage of career development would be applicable to this person at this time? - CORRECT ANSWER Exploration A verbal test is one in which the respondents must - CORRECT ANSWER Have command of language in order to perform effectively A raw score expressed in standard deviation units is a - CORRECT ANSWER Z score A primary benefit of the use of so-called "completion technique" projective personality assessments is that they - CORRECT ANSWER Usually reveal what's at the forefront of the respondent's consciousness When communicating with other professionals, counselors use various words or phrases to describe the behaviors being exhibited by their clients. For example, when a client is attributing personally held feelings to another person, a counselor might say that the client is engaging in a process known as - CORRECT ANSWER Projection A married couple comes to you as a counselor in a private practice and tells you that they are having marital difficulties and have sought counseling for resolution of them. In the course of an initial session with them, one of the spouses reports being a new and active member of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). You should - CORRECT ANSWER Investigate the nature of the AA's activities and continue counseling if those activities do not include accepted definitions of counseling So-called "aspirational ethics" call for counselors to - CORRECT ANSWER Hold to the highest standards of professional conduct A group leader who informs potential participants of the goals and methods to be used in the group, group leader qualifications, group schedule, member expectations, and limits of confidentiality is engaging in a process known as - CORRECT ANSWER Informed consent In comparison to African American males in the United States, African American females have - CORRECT ANSWER Relatively higher rates of employment A counselor who had been providing counseling service for several severely depressed clients decides to take a vacation. The counselor was confident that counseling efforts had stabilized clients and that they were operating at acceptable levels of functioning. The counselor concluded there was no need to provide client access to another helping professional while the counselor was away. This case illustrates unethical counselor behavior known as - CORRECT ANSWER Abandonment In providing counseling with sensitivity to multiculturalism, one of the first determinations that should be made is the extent to which the client - CORRECT ANSWER Is culturally-bound The counseling technique used by the counselor to explain to a client the logical inconsistencies in the client's statements is known as - CORRECT ANSWER Confrontation Career counseling clients exhibiting high decision-making readiness, in comparison to those exhibiting low decision-making readiness, - CORRECT ANSWER Need less assistance with use of career information resources The process of examining the individual, reviewing possible occupations, and matching the individual and occupation is called the _________________ career counseling approach - CORRECT ANSWER Trait-and-factor Counseling is a profession based in large part on the assumption that healthy human growth will occur naturally. Within this perspective, the role of the counselor is to help the client to - CORRECT ANSWER Remove barriers to naturally occurring developmental processes A counselor who works with adolescents is familiar with the knowledge that they tend to over select professional positions and occupations when asked about "what they are planning to do for a living when they grow up." In terms of Gelatt's decision-making paradigm, adolescents tend to have errors in their ____________________ systems. - CORRECT ANSWER Prediction Many members of the counseling profession have engaged in social reform efforts intended to reduce spouse abuse. These efforts have limited effect because - CORRECT ANSWER Many people, both males and females, believe that spouse abuse is a "family matter" and, therefore, not subject to intervention from persons outside the family Research on the development in a person of a so-called "humanistic life outlook" has shown that it is facilitated by - CORRECT ANSWER Formal educational experiences, observational learning experiences, and diverse interpersonal interactions A group leader attends to how issues are addressed or avoided, levels of member participation, and modes of interaction among group members primarily in order to understand the group's - CORRECT ANSWER Norms When a group leader attempts to help members of a group realize the potential benefits of group with each group member, the group leader is trying to facilitate ______________ among group members. - CORRECT ANSWER Installation of hope The appropriate first, immediate action a counselor should take if a court-ordered disclosure is not approved by a client or the client's representative is to - CORRECT ANSWER Request to be excused on the basis of protecting the client's welfare and dignity In a multi-authored published journal article, the primary responsibility for the ethical conduct of the research falls upon - CORRECT ANSWER The senior author In the Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of the University of California, the counselor was cited for failure to - CORRECT ANSWER Warn and protect a victim from harm A group of people living together with prescribed patterns of interdependent behavior could be best described as a - CORRECT ANSWER Society A counselor completing a report for an insurance company was required to indicate whether a client had a phobia or an anxiety reaction. The counselor knew that the primary distinction between the two conditions is the - CORRECT ANSWER Specificity of the fear causing source A state-licensed counselor holding a master's degree in counseling and doctorate in experimental psychology opened a private counseling practice. In announcements of the opening of the practice, the counselor's name was Measurement involves - CORRECT ANSWER Assignment of numbers to attributes of persons, objects, or events The multiple correlation of five predictor variables with grade point average (GPA) is .50. This signifies that the - CORRECT ANSWER Combined predictors have 25% shared variance with GPA Within the context of Loevinger's Impulse Stage of ego development, the child distinguishes separate existence from parents by exercise of will. A primary characteristic of this stage of development is that the child - CORRECT ANSWER Lack impulse control One of the primary differences in clients' uses of career counseling resources in print media format (e.g., Dictionary of Occupational Titles or Occupational Outlook Handbook) and those in computerized format (e.g., Choices, Discover II, SIGI, or ECES) is the - CORRECT ANSWER Speed with which information can be retrieved for use At a minimum, there should be sufficient detail reported in a research article published in a journal to allow - CORRECT ANSWER Replication of the procedures used If spelling ability correlated to +.60 with grades, how could you best interpret this finding? - CORRECT ANSWER Of the variance related to spelling ability, 36% is also related to course grades Due to the nature of the counseling process, some concepts from the field of speech and communications are readily applied to counseling. For example, counselors often find it appropriate to give (i.e., send) persuasive messages to clients. Such messages are more likely to be received (i.e., heard and accepted) if the counselor, as the message sender, exhibits certain characteristics. Which of the following is not a primary characteristic of effective persuasive communicators? - CORRECT ANSWER Emotionality "Product" evaluation, sometimes known as "summative" evaluation, is focused upon counseling program - CORRECT ANSWER Outcomes Competitiveness between children in the same family is known as - CORRECT ANSWER Sibling rivalry The members of a group seemed to be rebelling against the group counselor's leadership, "fighting" with one another to establish dominance in the group, confronting the group counselor as well as one another, and generally being in a state of conflict. Based on these characteristics and behaviors, the group counselor determined that the group was in which of the following stage of group development? - CORRECT ANSWER Transition The type of research done solely to test theory, with little or no regard to applications of results to practical problems, is known as _________ research. - CORRECT ANSWER Basic According to the NBCC and ACA Code of Ethics, when should a counselor try to persuade the client to report knowledge of a crime to the appropriate law enforcement authorities? - CORRECT ANSWER When there is imminent danger to others The process through which, usually over generations, members of subordinate groups come to take on the characteristics of the dominant culture is known as - CORRECT ANSWER Assimilation In the context of the counselor's use of active listening skills, the following is an example of which type of reflection error? *Client:* "I just can't see myself sitting at a desk job all day." *Counselor:* "You want to do outdoor work." - CORRECT ANSWER Implication A counselor conducts a study in which respondents indicate their attitudes toward counseling through responding to statements by selecting from among Strongly Agree, Undecided, Disagree, or Strongly Disagree. This response scale is known as a ___________________ scale. - CORRECT ANSWER Likert Unfortunately, "traditional" approaches to counseling often used by members of the majority culture in the United States are often ineffective with members of American minority groups, in large part because most traditional counseling approaches are based on a(n) ______________ model of counseling. - CORRECT ANSWER Intrapsychic A counselor and client begin the therapeutic process with discussion of informed consent, number of sessions authorized, required fees, confidentiality, and duty to warn issues. Among the following, what other important aspect of the counseling relationship should have been discussed at that time? - CORRECT ANSWER The nature of the therapeutic process Institutional Review Boards were created in the attempt to ensure that - CORRECT ANSWER The legal rights of subject participants in research are protected In the context of counseling based on social learning theory, the client's imitative behaviors of a "model" person are more likely to occur when the client - CORRECT ANSWER Has a close identification with the model Used a prelude to group counseling, ______________________ involves consideration of the cultural, demographic, economic, social, health, and psychological needs of group members and how they are likely to relate to the group's purposes and goals. - CORRECT ANSWER Ecological assessment A basic principle in human growth and development is that a person's individual functioning includes - CORRECT ANSWER Reciprocal interactions among human organism subsystems A counselor was working with a client who had recently experienced a divorce, become unemployed, and had to move to a considerably smaller residence. In talking with the counselor about these matters, the client often joked about his situation and seemed very relaxed, yet he could not specify intended future directions in life. In the context of psychoanalytic theory, this client was exhibiting a behavior known as - CORRECT ANSWER Reaction formation Ellis' rational emotive therapy and Meichenbaum's cognitive behavior modification approaches to counseling are similar in that both hold that - CORRECT ANSWER A client's cognitions are "hypotheses to be test," not absolute facts or truths, clients should perform "personal experiments" to determine if A student in a counselor preparation program completed a manuscript based on a research project and submitted it to a favored journal for consideration for publication. Knowing that the favored journal had a reputation for a low acceptance rate, the student also submitted the manuscript to two other journals. This behavior was inappropriate. Instead, the student should have - CORRECT ANSWER Only submitted the manuscript to one journal at a time Counselors refer to the study of "person-to-person relationships" within a group situation as - CORRECT ANSWER Sociometry The stage of life in which clients often question existing their lifestyle and attempt to make changes to achieve greater happiness is known as the _______________ transition. - CORRECT ANSWER Midlife A counselor administered a 100-item, multiple-choice "occupational information" test to a group of 236 persons. Respondents received one point for each correct answer. The counselor calculated a mean of 87 and a standard deviation of 11 for the group. Even before reviewing individual scores, the counselor correctly concluded that - CORRECT ANSWER Many people did very well on the test Suppose the state in which you reside does not yet have counselor licensure. A local civic club has asked you to address their members to present an overview of counselor licensure and its benefits to the public. In your presentation to the group, you note that - CORRECT ANSWER Some professional groups have opposed counselor licensure although the need for mental health services for the public has increased steadily Counselors who work with older persons know that among the inappropriate stereotypes held about older persons in America is that - CORRECT ANSWER Most reside in nursing homes or full-care facilities Your employer has a policy that necessitates that you report all instances of child abuse to state authorities. A client alludes (in your judgment) to the possibility of (the client) being a child abuser. As a counselor, you should - CORRECT ANSWER Inform the client of the policy and let the client decide how to proceed When a group counseling leader helps group members understand the relationship between emotions and cognitions, the group leader is fulfilling the group leader's ____________ function. - CORRECT ANSWER Attachment of meaning The beliefs that the individual takes precedence over the group, society stresses differences rather than similarities, and internal characteristics are more influential than external characteristics are central tenets of the - CORRECT ANSWER Theory of Meritocracy What is the strongest experimental design in regard to external validity? - CORRECT ANSWER Posttest-only control-group design Counselors know that groups are formed for different purposes. For example, in some groups, the primary goal is to yield some specified outcome or "product," while in others the primary goal is to focus on the "process" of interaction within the group. Which is more product- than process-oriented? - CORRECT ANSWER Behavioral A client has concluded a series of counseling sessions with another counselor and has now come to you for counseling. According to the NBCC Ethical Standards, you should - CORRECT ANSWER Proceed as you would with any other new client A series of jobs within an organization that exhibit increasing complexity and need for new skills is known as a career - CORRECT ANSWER Ladder Which of the following is considered ethical practice according to the ACA Code of Ethics and Standard of Practice? - CORRECT ANSWER Conducting activities to reduce test anxiety prior to administration of a test A specific group counseling technique for reinforcing desirable behaviors by pairing them with incompatible behaviors and incorporating principles of relaxation is - CORRECT ANSWER Systematic desensitization In recent years the language used in federal and many state legislative acts relative to counseling services for persons with disabilities has tended to shift from the use of general categorical definitions to noncategorical definitions of functional limitations of disabilities. This change appears to reflect a realization that - CORRECT ANSWER All categorically persons with disabilities do not have the same functional limitations in all work or education situations In some settings, counselors must use diagnostic classification systems as part of the overall program management plan of the service facility. The term "paranoia" is used in such systems to include a group of psychotic disorders characterized by a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER Onset of increasingly complex delusions A group member who consistently brings the group to the present and focuses on relating environmental influences in group members' lives to current group activities and direction is known as the - CORRECT ANSWER Reality checker What is not one of the four major elements in Super's approach to career development? - CORRECT ANSWER Values clarification Privileged communication is best defined as a legal concept that allows - CORRECT ANSWER A client protection from having to disclose information in court proceedings Clients and counselors sit closer together, presumably reflecting being psychologically closer, when they are similar in terms of factors such as age, social status, and general appearance (e.g., style of clothing worn). However, research in proxemics also has shown that forward (upper body) trunk lean by a counselor is likely to cause a negative, distancing reaction initially in a client who is - CORRECT ANSWER A different race from the counselor A counseling researcher has designed a study wherein observers will be in classrooms to observe and "chart" students' behavior. The researcher is aware that this study necessarily will have to take into account a phenomenon known as the - CORRECT ANSWER Hawthorne effect Within the context of group counseling, the intentional application of theories of group interaction is known as group - CORRECT ANSWER Work At the conclusion of a year-long career counseling activity designed specifically for 34 "underemployed" persons, you are able to report to your supervisor that 22 of