CPCE Exam 2024/2025: Counseling Ethics Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download CPCE Exam 2024/2025: Counseling Ethics Multiple Choice Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

CPCE EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100%

ACCURATE SOLUTIONS

The NBCC Code of Ethics and Ethical Standards of the American Counseling Association (ACA) do not include a statement reflecting the principle that A) counselors have a right to protect clients from themselves if the clients give evidence of being self- injurious. B) revelation of a counselor's notes on a client should not be made to other professional unless the client has provided written permission to do so or the information has been subpoenaed by a court of law. C) counselors should receive appropriate fees for services rendered regardless of the situations or settings in which the services were rendered. D) improvement of the profession through a variety of professional involvements is a responsibility of all counselors. - Answer ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER: C) counselors should receive appropriate fees for services rendered regardless of the situations or settings in which the services were rendered. The state in which you reside does not yet have counselor licensure, so a local civic club has asked you to address their members by presenting an

overview of counselor licensure and its benefits to the public. In your presentation to the group you note that A) licensure automatically entitles counselors to receive third- party payments from insurance companies. B) some professional groups (e.g., psychologists) have opposed counselor licensure although the need for mental health services for the public has increased steadily. C) state-level counselor licensure laws have existed for over 40 years although it is only recently that a majority of the states have counselor licensure laws. D) one of the ways that counselor licensure laws protect the public's general welfare is through restriction of the use of the term "counselor" to those persons who have graduated from counselor education programs. - Answer ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER: B) some professional groups (e.g., psychologists) have opposed counselor licensure although the need for mental health services for the public has increased steadily. A client has concluded a series of counseling sessions with another counselor and has now come to you for counseling. According to the NBCC ethical standards, you should A) proceed as you would with any other new client.

B) contact the other counselor and find out if it is appropriate for you to counsel the client. C) contact the other counselor to ensure that you do not cover the same topic areas with the client. D) advise the client to continue with the other counselor. - Answer ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER: A) proceed as you would with any other new client. Your employer has a policy which necessitates that you report all instances of child abuse to state authorities. A client alludes (in your judgment) to the possibility of (the client) being a child abuser. As a counselor you should A) contact your lawyer; the policy is a violation of the "fair trade" laws. B) refer the person elsewhere; receipt of a salary constitutes voluntary agreement with the employer's policies. C) inform the client of the policy and let the client decide how to proceed. D) contact a consultant; then do as the consultant suggests. - Answer ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER: C) inform the client of the policy and let the client decide how to proceed.

A married couple comes to you, as a counselor in private practice and tells you that they are having marital difficulties and have sought counseling for resolution of them. In the course of an initial session with them, one of the spouses reports being a new and active member of the local Alcoholics Anonymous (AA~) group. You should A) investigate the nature of the local AA's activities and continue counseling if those activities do not include accepted definitions of counseling. B) terminate counseling with the one spouse but continue to work with the spouse who is not an AA participant. C) offer to co-counsel with the staff of the local AA. D) refer both spouses to the local AA. - Answer ✔✔CORRECT ANSWER: A) investigate the nature of the local AA's activities and continue counseling if those activities do not include accepted definitions of counseling. A member of the local clergy telephones and asks for your evaluation of the spiritual values of a person whom the caller knows was one of your clients. The caller wants your opinion because the former client is an applicant to a theological institution for which the caller is the local applicant evaluator. You should

a. respond orally but require that no records be made of the conversation and that no comments be attributed to you. b. inform the caller that under no circumstances are you ethically permitted to divulge whether a person is or has been a client or any information about a client without the client's permission. c. inform the caller that you need to call the former client and obtain the client's permission before you can express your opinions. d. seek the counsel of your supervisor to determine what types of information it would be permissible to divulge. - Answer ✔✔b. inform the caller that under no circumstances are you ethically permitted to divulge whether a person is or has been a client or any information about a client without the client's permission. You have been providing career counseling to a client who is seeking employment. Concurrent to the counseling, and with your knowledge, the client has made application for employment with several employers. A potential employer calls you and asks for your opinion as to your client's suitability for the employer's job opening. Under which of the following conditions are you free (i.e., not in violation of professional ethics) to provide the information requested? a. when it is clear that the client will not get the job unless the information is given b. when you are certain that the information you would provide would assure that the client would get the job c. when in your best judgment you believe the information would enhance the client's chances for getting the job d. none of the above - Answer ✔✔d. none of the above

As applied to professional licensure of counselors. the term "reciprocity" means that a. one licensing agency agrees to accept the licensing standards of another as sufficient for its own. b. a licensed counselor may legally perform the functions of a licensed psychologist. c. certification is synonymous with licensure. d. graduation from a fully accredited counselor education program automatically constitutes eligibility for licensure - Answer ✔✔a. one licensing agency agrees to accept the licensing standards of another as sufficient for its own. The publication that is likely to average the largest number of current research articles on the counseling process is the a. Journal of Counseling Psychology. b. Review of Educational Research. c. Journal of Consulting and Abnormal Psychology. d. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases. - Answer ✔✔a. Journal of Counseling Psychology. According to the NBCC Code of Ethics and the ACA Code of Ethics. when should a counselor try to persuade the client to report knowledge of a crime to the appropriate law enforcement authorities? a. when there is imminent danger to others b. when there is a crime in progress c. after the crime

d. never - Answer ✔✔a. when there is imminent danger to others Third party reimbursement is a term pertinent to a. transactional analysis. b. behavioral therapy. c. insurance practices. d. veterans' educational programs. - Answer ✔✔c. insurance practices. In the late 1970s, AACD ( known as ACA since 1992) began to focus very heavily on professional credentialing. This led to the formation of the a. CCMHC. b. NBCC. c. CACREP, formed in 1981. d. APGA, formed in 1952. - Answer ✔✔b. NBCC. By passing the NCE, a counselor can attain_______ given via NBCC. a. NCC, a generic certification for counselors. b. NCC, a specialty mental health certification for counselors c. NCC, national certification for school counselors. d. MAC, master addictions counselor. - Answer ✔✔a. NCC, a generic certification for counselors.

Which choice would most likely violate the counseling ethic or law termed "scope of practice"? a. A counselor who is using good accurate empathy with a client, but fails to confront about her excessive drinking. b. A licensed counselor who gives the client a DSM diagnostic code for insurance. c. A counselor who is too active-directive with a client. d. A counselor who is conducting a strict Freudian psychoanalysis with the client. - Answer ✔✔d. A counselor who is conducting a strict Freudian psychoanalysis with the client. Ethical guidelines were first created for the helping professions in 1953 when the American Psychological Association (APA) published their first code of ethics. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) created their code in 1960 ,and in 196l, the organization that is now ACA adopted ethics for counselors. Ethics always describe a. laws. b. universal principles which apply to all helpers. c. standards-of conduct imposed by ACA and NBCC. d. all of the above. - Answer ✔✔c. standards-of conduct imposed by ACA and NBCC. Most ethical dilemmas are related to a. confidentiality. b. testing. c. diagnosis,

d. research. - Answer ✔✔a. confidentiality. An 11-year-old child comes to your office with a black eye and tells you she cannot remember how she received it. You have reason to suspect abuse. You should a. be empathic and discuss her feelings regarding the matter. b. drop the matter as it could embarrass her. c. refer her to a medical doctor of your choice. d. call the child abuse/neglect hotline. - Answer ✔✔d. call the child abuse/neglect hotline. You pass your exam and now have NCC status. During a staff meeting a clinical director explains to you that, from an ethical standpoint, your primary duty is to the agency. Most experts in the field of counselor education would a. agree with this position with very few reservations. b. disagree inasmuch as professional ethics emphasize that your primary responsibility is to your clients. c. disagree inasmuch as professional ethics emphasize that your primary responsibility is to the ACA. d. say that, according to "aspirational ethics," your agency comes first. - Answer ✔✔b. disagree inasmuch as professional ethics emphasize that your primary responsibility is to your clients. A woman who is in private practice mentions in her phone book advertisement that she is a licensed counseling psychologist. This generally means that

a. she has a doctorate from a counselor education program. b. she has a graduate degree from a psychology department. c. she has a degree from a CACREP program. d. she has a degree in counseling but is trained in projective testing. - Answer ✔✔b. she has a graduate degree from a psychology department. APA is to psychologist as ACA is to a. APGA. b. certified clinical mental health counselor. c. counselor. d. NCC. - Answer ✔✔c. counselor. Counselors adhering to the personality theory espoused by C.G. Jung often have to help people with problems related to what Jung called "individuation." Jung defined this term as the process a. which occurs when adolescents leave home to establish their own residences. b. occurring throughout life in which a person is an individual. c. through which parents come to have unique patterns of interaction with each of their children. d. which is an outgrowth of the psychoanalytic principle of determinism. - Answer ✔✔b. occurring throughout life in which a person is becoming an individual.

A counselor completing a report for an insurance company was required to indicate whether a client had a phobia or an anxiety reaction. The counselor was able to indicate the correct classification because the counselor knew that the primary distinction between the two conditions is the a. age of onset of severe psychological distress. b. ease with which the symptoms are eliminated. c. frequency of symptom occurrence. d. specificity of the fear-causing source. - Answer ✔✔d. specificity of the fear-causing source. Erikson presented an eight-stage theory of human development, the last stage of which he entitled "integrity vs. despair." A person's challenge in this stage is to achieve acceptance of the finality of life. Erikson postulated that such acceptance could be achieved only if the person had a. reached a parallel level of moral development. b. established an economic environment such that the person need not be concerned about having good living conditions. c. successfully met the challenges of the previous stages. d. developed the ability to distinguish among the various roles the individual had filled in life. - Answer ✔✔c. successfully met the challenges of the previous stages. A counselor was hired to develop educational activities that would promote development of gender-fair (i.e., non sex-role stereotypic) attitudes among older elementary-school-age children. The counselor decided to develop the activities within the context of social learning

theory. Which of the following activities would be most appropriate for use by the counselor? a. having the children view movies that depict males in so-called traditionally feminine occupations (e.g., nursing) or activities (e.g., ironing) and vice versa b. providing some reward (e.g., a small candy) to children who make gender-fair statements during a discussion of "what people do when they grow up" c. instructing the children how to ask their parents what their parents' beliefs are about appropriate roles for women and men d. having the children share what they believe are each of their parent's feelings about activities they do (e.g., - Answer ✔✔a. having the children view movies that depict males in so-called traditionally feminine occupations (e.g., nursing) or activities (e.g., ironing) and vice versa In attempting to understand the life perspectives and characteristics of their clients, some counselors use Kohlberg's theory of moral development as a theoretical framework. These counselors know that Kohlberg's theory includes three progressive levels culminating in a. self-actualization, wherein the individual is fully humanistic. b. principled thought, wherein the individual adopts a self-accepted set of standards of behavior. c. androgyny, wherein the individual exhibits both male and female stereotypic behaviors. d. personhood, wherein the individual is free from moral dilemmas. - Answer ✔✔b. principled thought, wherein the individual adopts a self- accepted set of standards of behavior.

A professional counselor determines fees for monthly consultation services on a job-by-job basis. This is an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedules? a. variable interval b. fixed interval c. variable ratio d. fixed ratio - Answer ✔✔c. variable ratio Competitiveness between children in the same family is known as a. sibling rivalry. b. the Oedipus conflict. c. the Electra conflict. d. the Foundling conflict. - Answer ✔✔a. sibling rivalry. The best descriptor of the emotion that results when a feeling or fear is not understood by the person experiencing it is a. anxiety. b. affect. c. anger. d. arousal. - Answer ✔✔a. anxiety. Stage theories of human development arc used by many counselors in their work with older persons because they facilitate understanding older

persons' general life situations. In this context. Erikson described the development stage that occurs late in life as a. intimacy vs. autonomy. b. integrity vs. despair. c. trust vs. isolation. d. intimacy vs. mistrust. - Answer ✔✔b. integrity vs. despair. In some settings. counselors must use diagnostic classification systems as part of the overall program management plan of the service facility. The term "paranoia" is used in such systems to include a group of psychotic disorders characterized mainly by a(n) slowing of emotional responses to a. a state of absolute calm. b. onset of increasingly complex delusions. c. frenzy of intense social interactions. d. irrational response to a specific stimulus. - Answer ✔✔b. onset of increasingly complex delusions. Freud postulated the following psychosexual stages a. id, ego, and superego. b. oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. c. eros, thanatos, regression, and superego. d. manifest, latent, oral, and phallic. - Answer ✔✔b. oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Heredity a. assumes the normal person has 23 pairs of chromosomes. b. assumes that heredity characteristics are transmitted by chromosomes. c. assumes genes composed of DNA hold a genetic code. d. all of the above. - Answer ✔✔d. all of the above. (n) ________ is an orderly, systematically derived set of statements that describe, explain and predict behavior a. paradigm b. hypothesis c. theory d. premise - Answer ✔✔c. theory Lifespan Development primarily focuses on four topical areas, which are: a. physical development, psychosocial development, psychosexual development, speech development. b. physical development, cognitive development, personality development, and social development. c. physical development, coping skills development, language development,and personality development. d. physical development, concrete operations development, cognitive development and personality development. - Answer ✔✔b. physical development, cognitive development, personality development, and social development.

Chromosomes are: a. the basic unit of genetic information. b. the sex cells from the mother and father that form a new cell as conception. c. rod shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs. d. the new cells formed by the process of fertilization. - Answer ✔✔a. the basic unit of genetic information. A(n) environmental agent such as a drug, chemical, virus or other factor that produces a birth defect is called a(n): a. dominant trait b. teratogen c. polygenic d. the x factor - Answer ✔✔b. teratogen

17. ___________________, a form of learning in which voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences. a. Operant conditioning b. Behavioral conditioning c. Cognitive conditioning. d. Classical conditioning. - Answer ✔✔a. Operant conditioning

The APGAR scale is a standard measurement system that looks for a variety of good health indicators in newborns. The letters in APGAR represents all of the following except: a. Appearance b. Pulse c. Grimace d. Awareness - Answer ✔✔d. Awareness _________ ______________ , a type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response. a. Operant conditioning b. Behavioral conditioning c. Cognitive conditioning d. Classical conditioning - Answer ✔✔d. Classical conditioning. Jean Piaget's theory of human cognitive development involves a succession of ________ through which children progress from birth to adolescence. The first ______ is called the ______________. a. steps, step, concrete b. assimilations, assimilation, pre-operational c. accommodations, accommodation , operational d. stages, stage, sensorimotor - Answer ✔✔d. stages, stage, sensorimotor

The most valuable type of research is a. always conducted using a factor analysis. b. conducted using the chi-square. c. the experiment, used to discover cause-and-effect relationships. d. the quasi-experiment. - Answer ✔✔c. the experiment, used to discover cause-and-effect relationships. Experiments emphasize parsimony, which means a. interpreting the results in the simplest way. b. interpreting the results in the most complex manner. c. interpreting the results using a correlation coefficient. d. interpreting the results using a clinical interview. - Answer ✔✔a. interpreting the results in the simplest way. A counselor educator is running an experiment to test a new form of counseling. Unbeknownst to the experimenter one of the clients in the study is secretly seeing a gestalt therapist. This experiment a. is parsimonious. b. is an example of Occam's Razor. c. is confounded/flawed. d. is valid and will most likely help the field of counseling. - Answer ✔✔c. is confounded/flawed.

In experimental terminology, IV stands for ______ and DV stands for _________ a. independent variable; dependent variable. b. dependent variable; independent variable. c. individual variable; dependent variable. d. person-centered independent variable; designer variable. - Answer ✔✔a. independent variable; dependent variable. Experimenters should always abide by a code of ethics. The variable you manipulate/control in an experiment is the a. DV. b. dependent variable. c. the variable you will measure to determine the outcome. d. IV or independent variable. - Answer ✔✔d. IV or independent variable. A professor of counselor education hypothesized that biofeedback training could reduce anxiety and improve the average score on written board exams. If this professor decides to conduct a formal experiment the IV will be the ______, and the DV will be the_______ a. professor; anxiety level. b. anxiety level; board exam score. c. biofeedback; board exam score.

d. board exam score; biofeedback. - Answer ✔✔c. biofeedback; board exam score. In the social sciences the accepted probability level (P) is usually a. .05 or less. b. 1.0 or higher. c. .0001 or less. d. 5.0. - Answer ✔✔a. .05 or less. Type I and Type II errors are called _______and ____ respectively. a. beta; alpha. b. .01; .05. c. a and b. d. alpha; beta. - Answer ✔✔d. alpha; beta. If it sounds a little like Greek, that is because it is. Alpha and beta are the first and second letters of the Greek alphabet. A Type I (alpha error) occurs when a researcher rejects the null hypothesis when it is true; and a Type II error (beta error) occurs when you accept the null hypothesis when it is false. The memory device RA (as in "residence advisor") works well here so you can remember the principle, as well as the sequence. Let "R" signify "reject when true" and "A"- which comes after "R"-signify "accept when false Which level of significance would best rule out chance factors?

a. .05 b. .01 c. .2 d. .001 - Answer ✔✔d. .001 When a researcher uses correlation, then there is no direct manipulation of the IV. A researcher might ask, for example, how IQ correlates with the incidence of panic disorder. Again, nothing is manipulated; just measured. In cases such as this a correlation coefficient will reveal a. the relationship between IQ and panic disorder. b. the probability that a significant difference exists. c. an F test. d. percentile rank. - Answer ✔✔a. the relationship between IQ and panic disorder. Dr. X discovered that the correlation between therapists who hold NCC status and therapists who practice systematic desensitization is .90. A student who perused Dr. X's research told his fellow students that Dr. X had discovered that attaining NCC status causes therapists to become behaviorally oriented. The student is incorrect because a. systematic desensitization is clearly not a behavioral strategy.

b. this can only be determined via a histogram. c. the study suffers from longitudinal and maturational effects. d. correlation does not imply causation. - Answer ✔✔d. correlation does not imply causation. In a basic curve (bell shaped) or so-called frequency polygon the point of maximum concentration is the a. mean. b. median. c. mode. d. range. - Answer ✔✔c. mode. The median is a. the middle score when the data are arranged from highest to lowest. b. the arithmetic average. c. the most frequent value obtained. d. never more useful than the mean. - Answer ✔✔a. the middle score when the data are arranged from highest to lowest. Billy received an 82 on his college math final. This is Billy's raw score on the test. A raw score simply refers to the number of

items correctly answered. A raw score is expressed in the units by which it was originally obtained. The raw score is not altered mathematically. Billy's raw score indicates that a. he is roughly a B student. b. he answered 82% correctly. c. his percentile rank is 82. d. more information is obviously necessary. - Answer ✔✔d. more information is obviously necessary. If an experiment can be replicated by others with almost identical findings, then the experiment a. is impacted by the observer effect. b. is said to be a naturalistic observation. c. is the result of ethological observation. d. is said to be reliable. - Answer ✔✔d. is said to be reliable. A counselor educator is teaching two separate classes in individual inventory. In the morning class the counselor educator has 53 students and in the afternoon class she has 177 students. A statistician would expect that the range of scores on a test would be a. greater in the afternoon class than the morning class. b. smaller in the afternoon class.

c. impossible to speculate about without more data. d. nearly the same in either class. - Answer ✔✔a. greater in the afternoon class than the morning class. Z-scores (also called standard scores) are the same as standard deviations, thus a z-score of -2.5 means a. 2.5 SD below the mean. b. 2.5 SD above the mean. c. a CEEB score of 500. d. -.05% of the population falls within this area of the curve. - Answer ✔✔a. 2.5 SD below the mean. In World War II the Air Force used stanine scores as a measurement. Stanine scores divide the distribution into nine equal intervals with stanine 1 as the lowest ninth and 9 as the highest ninth. In this system 5 is the mean. Thus a Binet IQ score of 101 would fall in stanine a. 1. b. 9 c. 5. d. 7. - Answer ✔✔c. 5. There are four basic measurement scales: the nominal, the ordinal, the interval, and the ratio. The nominal scale is strictly

a qualitative scale. It is the simplest scale. It is used to distinguish logically separated groups. Which of the following illustrates the function of the nominal scale? a. A horse categorized as a second place winner in a show. b. A DSM or ICD diagnostic category. c. An IQ score of 111. d. The weight of an Olympic barbell set. - Answer ✔✔b. A DSM or ICD diagnostic category. The ordinal scale rank-orders variables, though the relative distance between the elements is not always equal. An example of this would be a. a horse categorized as a second place winner in a race. b. an IQ score of 111. c. the weight of an Olympic barbell set. d. a temperature of 78 degrees Fahrenheit. - Answer ✔✔a. a horse categorized as a second place winner in a race. A test can be defined as a systematic method of measuring a sample of behavior Test format refers to the manner in which test items are presented. The format of an essay test is considered a(n) ________ format. a. subjective. b. objective.