CPCE Theorists and their Theories Exam 75 Questions with Answers 2023, Exams of Career Counseling

Download CPCE Theorists and their Theories Exam 75 Questions with Answers 2023 and more Exams Career Counseling in PDF only on Docsity! CPCE Theorists and their Theories Exam 75 Questions with Answers 2023 Individual Psychology; Man is basically good; much of behavior is determined via birth order (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Alfred Adler Bonding and attachment - CORRECT ANSWER John Bowlby Cognitive theory of hypnotism (#185) - CORRECT ANSWER T.X. Barber Social distance scale; ethnic negative attitudes (#128) - CORRECT ANSWER Emory Bogardus First intelligence test - CORRECT ANSWER Binet Founder of modern sociology - CORRECT ANSWER Emile Durkheim Frustration-Aggression theory (#119) - CORRECT ANSWER John Dollard and Neil Miller Psychotherapy, psychoanalyst, maturationist, disciple of Freud, 8 stages of psychosocial development - CORRECT ANSWER Eric Erikson Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT); people have a cultural/biological propensity to think in a disturbed manner but can be taught to use their capacity to react differently (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Albert Ellis Father of psychoanalysis (maturationist-#24); deterministic; people are controlled by biological instincts; are unsocialized, irrational; driven by unconscious forces such as sex and aggression (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Sigmund Freud Father of logotherapy, "healing through meaning" (#167); existential view is that humans are good, rational, and retain freedom of choice (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Viktor Frankl "Foot-in-the-door" technique, asking someone to do small favors makes them amenable to doing large favors (#129) - CORRECT ANSWER Freedman and Frazier Balance theory and Cognitive dissonance theory (#'s 120 & 144) - CORRECT ANSWER Leon Festinger The visual cliff experiment: depth perception in infants - CORRECT ANSWER Gibson Strategic and problem solving therapy (#4) - CORRECT ANSWER Jay Haley Maternal deprivation experiment in Rhesus monkeys (#27) - CORRECT ANSWER Harry Harlow Career development (#120) - CORRECT ANSWER Holland and Super Analytic psychology; Man strives for individuation or a sense of self-fulfillment (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Carl Jung Leading theorist in moral development (#10), 3 levels of moral development (#46) - CORRECT ANSWER Kohlberg Pioneer of behavior therapy BASIC ID - CORRECT ANSWER Arnold Lazarus Imprinting experiment on newborn goslings (#64) - CORRECT ANSWER Konrad Lorenz Positive Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER Abraham Maslow Father of hormic psychology; people are driven by innate, inherited tendencies) (#106), wrote Introduction to Social Psychology (#185) - CORRECT ANSWER William McDougall Creator of psychodrama (#185) - CORRECT ANSWER Moreno Obedience and authority, shock experiments (having people shock their peers for incorrect answers) (#186) - CORRECT ANSWER Stanley Milgram Trait-factor; through education and scientific data, man can become himself. Humans are born with potential for good or evil. Others are needed to help unleash positive potential. Man is mainly rational, not intuitive (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Williamson Man is basically good; much of behavior is determined via birth order (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Individual psychology; Alfred Adler People have a cultural/biological propensity to think in a disturbed manner but can be taught to use their capacity to react differently (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT); Albert Ellis Deterministic; people are controlled by biological instincts; are unsocialized, irrational; driven by unconscious forces such as sex and aggression (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud "Healing through meaning" (#167); existential view is that humans are good, rational, and retain freedom of choice (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Logotherapy; Viktor Frankl Man strives for individuation or a sense of self-fulfillment (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Analytic psychology; Carl Jung Ameliorate mind/body split (#167); people are not bad or good. People have the capacity to govern life effectively as "whole." People are part of their environment and must be viewed as such (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Gestalt; Fritz Perls The individual is good and moves toward growth and self-actualization (p. 234); stresses that a counselor be genuine, have unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding (#388) - CORRECT ANSWER Person-centered counseling; Carl Rogers Humans are like other animals; mechanistic and controlled via environmental stimuli and reinforcement contingencies; not good or bad; no self-determination or freedom (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Behavioristic psychology/behavior modification; B.F. Skinner Messages learned about self in childhood determine whether person is good or bad, though intervention can change this script (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Transactional analysis (TA); Eric Berne Individuals strive to meet basic physiological needs and the need to be worthwhile to self and others. Brain as control system tries to meet needs (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Reality therapy; William Glasser Person produces and is a product of conditioning (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Neobehavioristic; Bandura Through education and scientific data, man can become himself. Humans are born with potential for good or evil. Others are needed to help unleash positive potential. Man is mainly rational, not intuitive (p. 234) - CORRECT ANSWER Trait- factor; Williamson Developed the cognitive therapy approach and the B_ _ _ Depression Inventory (BDI) (#352) - CORRECT ANSWER Aaron T. Beck Primal scream therapy - CORRECT ANSWER Arthur Janov This person's drama triangle is used most often in transactional analysis (TA) as a teaching device to illuminate the roles of persecutor, rescuer, and victim ( #459); He suggested that only these three roles are necessary for manipulative drama (#360) - CORRECT ANSWER Karpman He introduced existential therapy in the U.S. (#320) - CORRECT ANSWER Rollo May Father of rational-behavior therapy which is similar to REBT but emphasizes a written self-analysis (#351) - CORRECT ANSWER Maxie C. Maultsby His approach is called "Self-Instructional Therapy" (#353) - CORRECT ANSWER Donald Meichenbaum His theory includes, sensorimoter, preoperations, concrete operation, and formal operations (#5) - CORRECT ANSWER Jean Piaget Associated with implosive therapy (#310) - CORRECT ANSWER T.G. Stampfl Associated with Law of Effect (trial and error learning) - CORRECT ANSWER Edward Thorndike He proposed there are 3 types of groups: guidance, counseling, and psychotherapy (#413) - CORRECT ANSWER George Gazda He is associated with "field theory" in which cohesiveness was seen as a binding force among group members; when cohesiveness goes up, absenteeism and other negative factors go down. High cohesiveness leads to high group productivity and commitment (#412) - CORRECT ANSWER Kurt Lewin Labeled by Kurt Lewin, this is the binding force between group members (#412) - CORRECT ANSWER Positive valence Associated with conducting the first group therapy sessions from 1905-1923 - CORRECT ANSWER Joseph H. Pratt Founding Father of Guidance (p. 293) - CORRECT ANSWER Frank Parsons Career counseling trailblazer (#501) - CORRECT ANSWER John O. Crites The unseen, yet unbreachable barrier that keeps minorities and women from rising to the upper rungs of the corporate ladder, regardless of their qualifications or achievements (no #) - CORRECT ANSWER Glass ceiling phenomenon