CPDT-KA Ethology Questions and Answers 100% Verified, Exams of Training and Development

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CPDT-KA Ethology Questions and

Answers 100% Verified

Neonatal Period - ANSWER-Birth to 12 days (two weeks). Pups most influenced by mother. Senses of touch and taste present at birth. Transitional Period - ANSWER-12 to 21 days (two to four weeks). Pups most influenced by mother and littermates. Eyes open, teeth begin coming in, senses of hearing and smell develop. Stand, walk a little, wag tail, bark. By fourth or fifth week eyesight is well- developed. Socialization: Learning to Relate and Communicate - ANSWER-During this period, puppy needs opportunities to meet other dogs and people. Primary Socialization - ANSWER-3 to 5 weeks By three to five weeks, puppy becomes aware of his surroundings, companions (both canine and human), and relationships, including play. By four to six weeks, puppy is most influenced by littermates and is learning about being a dog. From four to seven weeks: Don't discipline for play fighting, housebreaking mistakes or mouthing - that's all normal behavior for a puppy at this stage. Secondary Socialization - ANSWER-6 to 12 weeks From four to twelve weeks, puppy remains influenced by littermates and is also influenced by people. Puppy learns to play, develops social skills, learns the inhibited bite, explores social structure/ranking, and improves physical coordination. By five to seven weeks, puppy develops curiosity and explores new experiences. Puppy needs positive "people" experiences during this time. By seven to nine weeks, puppy is refining his physical skills and coordination, and can begin to be housetrained. Puppy has full use of senses. By eight to ten weeks, puppy experiences real fear involving normal objects and experiences; puppy needs positive training during this time. "I'm Afraid of Everything" Stage--Not all dogs experience this, but most do, and they'll appear terrified over things that they took in stride before. This is not a good time to engage in harsh discipline (not that you ever should anyway!), loud voices or traumatic events.

Your puppy's bladder and bowels are starting to come under much better control, and he's capable of sleeping through the night sometime between 8 and 12 weeks. By nine to twelve weeks, puppy is refining reactions, developing social skills with littermates (appropriate interactions), and exploring the environment and objects. Puppy begins to focus on people; this is a good time to begin training. You can begin teaching simple commands like: come, sit, stay, down, etc. Leash training can begin. Environmental Adaptation - ANSWER-3 to 16 weeks Aggression - ANSWER-1. The initiation of unprovoked hostilities; 2. The launching of attacks; 3. Hostile behavior Ranking Period - ANSWER-Puppy is most influenced by "playmates," which may now include those of other species. Puppy begins teething (and associated chewing). At four months of age, puppy experiences another fear stage. Adolescence - ANSWER-Puppy is most influenced by human and dog "pack" members. At seven to nine months, puppy goes through a second chewing phase, part of exploring territory. If not spayed or neutered, puppy experiences beginnings of sexual behavior. History of domestication (timeline) - ANSWER-* single domestication 11 to 16 thousand years ago that predates the rise of agriculture differences btwn dogs/ wolves - ANSWER-* separated by at least fifteen thousand years of domestication that has changed them in many important ways. *dogs generalize their social relationships to humans and are good at adapting to changing situations, wolves are very specific about their social attachments and do not adapt well to novelty, even when raised in captivity with or near humans. Stages of development (behavioral) - ANSWER-neonatal stage: Birth to two weeks transitional stage: Two to four weeks Socialization period: Three to 12 weeks Ranking period: Three to six months Adolescence: Six to 18 months

Adulthood: 18 months + Stages of development (physical) - ANSWER-up to 3 weeks 3 to 7 weeks old 7 and 12 weeks 12 and 16 weeks 4 and 8 months 8 months to 1 year relationships/ social structures between dogs - ANSWER-fluid. factors that can influence/ inhibit development (pys) - ANSWER-genetics *environment *nutrition injury factors that can influence/ inhibit development (behav.) - ANSWER-genetics *socialization (lack of) *security nutrition factors that can influence/ inhibit development (soc) - ANSWER-isolation negative/ positive interactions behaviors suggesting the desire to increase distance from a stimulus - ANSWER-Loud, deep barking /growling *Lunging *Pilorection *stiffness *hard stare *Snapping behaviors suggesting the desire to decrease distance from a stimulus - ANSWER- *Lunging *barking/ whining. usually high pitched *Play Bow *roll over *tail wagging The eyes are soft, the ears are forward, the mouth is often open observable behavior signals that may indicate stress - ANSWER-braced legs *panting *head lowered *muscle tension *tremors *sniffing/

*tongue flick *yawning *scratching/ other displacement behaciors *whale eye avoidance behaviors characteristics that may limit or inhibit a dogs' ability to communicate properly - ANSWER-long hair *cropped ears/ tail *raised/ curly tail ridgeback timeline dog evolution - ANSWER-Domestic dogs evolved from a group of wolves that came into contact with European hunter-gatherers between 18,800 and 32,100 years ago and may have since died out. largest clade of domestic dogs last shared a common ancestor 18,800 years ago, and collectively, they last shared a common ancestor with a wolf around 32,100 years ago. pitfalls dominance/ pack theories - ANSWER-based on a study of captive zoo wolves conducted in the 1930s and 1940s by Swiss animal behaviorist Rudolph Schenkel, in which the scientist concluded that wolves in a pack fight to gain dominance, and the winner is the alpha wolf. *Schenkel's observations of captive wolf behavior were erroneously extrapolated to wild wolf behavior, and then to domestic dogs. It was postulated that wolves were in constant competition for higher rank in the hierarchy, and only the aggressive actions of the alpha male and female held the contenders in check *Attempting to apply information about the behavior of assemblages of unrelated captive wolves to the familial structure of natural packs has resulted in considerable confusion. Such an approach is analogous to trying to draw inferences about human family dynamics by studying humans in refugee camps. *in the wild, a wolf pack is a family, consisting of a mated pair and their offspring of the past one to three years. Occasionally two or three families may group together. As the offspring mature they disperse from the pack; the only long-term members of the group are the breeding pair. By contrast, in captivity unrelated wolves are forced to live together for many years, creating tension between mature adults that doesn't happen in a natural, wild pack. *Dogs are not gray wolves. last shared a common ancestor with a wolf around 32, years ago. neonatal stage - ANSWER-Birth to two weeks *Puppy is most influenced by his mother. *will exhibit extreme distress when separated from their mother or littermates and become too cold. Studies observe that a mother would readily retrieve a puppy that has become separated for up to the first five days, but after that will stop doing so. **studies have shown that some environmental influences can have long-term effects on learning, as well as emotional stability and general adaptability. Just three minutes of

handling by a human per day and the exposure to mild environmental stressors can have a positive impact on a puppy's resistance to disease, its emotional stability and learning, and the ability to solve problems when it reaches maturity. Dogs left undisturbed during this period are found to be more emotionally reactive as adults. *Approach behavior develops into curiosity or seeking behavior. Withdrawal behavior develops into escape or avoidance behavior. Although neonatal puppies are capable of learning, this is limited to the association of primitive stimuli and adjustment responses. transitional stage - ANSWER-2-4 weeks *Puppy is most influenced by his mother and littermates. Eyes open, teeth begin to come in, and senses of hearing and smell develop. Puppy begins to stand, walk a little, wag tail, and bark. By the fourth or fifth week, eyesight is well-developed.

Socialization period - ANSWER-: Three to 12 weeks. primary= 3-5 weeks, secondary= 5-12 weeks *4-12 Puppy learns to play, develops social skills, learns the inhibited bite, explores social structure/ranking, and improves physical coordination. *needs opportunities to meet other dogs and people. *three to five weeks, puppy becomes aware of his surroundings, companions (both canine and human), and relationships, including play *By five to seven weeks, puppy develops curiosity and explores new experiences. Puppy needs positive "people" experiences during this time. *By seven to nine weeks, puppy is refining his physical skills and coordination, and can begin to be housetrained. Puppy has full use of senses. *By eight to 10 weeks, puppy experiences real fear involving normal objects and experiences; puppy needs positive training during this time. *By nine to 12 weeks, puppy is refining reactions, developing social skills with littermates (appropriate interactions), and exploring the environment and objects. Puppy begins to focus on people; this is a good time to begin training. Ranking period - ANSWER-: Three to six months Puppy is most influenced by "playmates," which may now include those of other species. Puppy begins teething (and associated chewing). At four months of age, puppy experiences another fear stage. Adolescence - ANSWER-six to 18 months Puppy is most influenced by human and dog "pack" members. At seven to nine months, puppy goes through a second chewing phase, part of exploring territory. Puppy increases exploration of boundaries, including challenging humans. If not spayed or neutered, puppy experiences beginnings of sexual behavior.

puppies and mom - ANSWER-*Puppies are usually weaned at six to seven weeks, but are still learning important skills as their mother gradually leaves them for longer periods of time. Ideally, puppies should stay with their littermates (or other "role-model" dogs) for at least 12 weeks. Puppies separated from their littermates too early often fail to develop appropriate "social skills," such as learning how to send and receive signals, what an "inhibited bite" (acceptable mouthing pressure) means, how far to go in play-wrestling, and so forth. up to 3 weeks - ANSWER-born blind, deaf and toothless *During its first week 90% of a puppys time is spent sleeping and 10% eating. They are only able to crawl *The puppy's eyes open when it is between one and two weeks old. It then begins to see *The pups ears should open when it is two to three weeks old *Puppies whimper when they are cold, hungry or uncomfortable *Urination and defecation is elicited by the mother's licking of the puppies' bodies for at least the first two weeks. Motor skills are limited at this time to a swim-like crawl involving predominantly the front legs. 2-4 weeks begins to stand, walk a little, wag tail, and bark. 3 to 7 weeks old - ANSWER-A puppy will be weaned between the ages of 3 and 7 weeks *During the ages of 3 to 7 weeks its first teeth, or milk teeth will appear Puppies will stand up and start walking At the age of 3 weeks a puppy will develop its sense of smell 4 weeks- The puppy has good use of its legs and is able to chase Between 4 and 5 weeks the mother will gradually spend time away from her puppies 7 and 12 weeks - ANSWER-puppy should be fed four times a day. (Feedings should be reduced to twice a day by the time a puppy is mature or even once a day in the case of a dog that gets little exercise) The puppies motor skills improve 12 and 16 weeks - ANSWER- first of the permanent teeth will work through 4 and 8 months - ANSWER-adult teeth continue to come through 8 months to 1 year - ANSWER-reduce to 2 or 3 meals per day Some dogs reach sexual maturity at the age of eight months (generally 6-12 months)

gestation - ANSWER-63 days fear impact periods - ANSWER-1st- 8-11 weeks 2nd- 6-14 months