CPDT-KA Exam 2024 Questions and Answers 100% Accurate, Exams of Training and Development

Download CPDT-KA Exam 2024 Questions and Answers 100% Accurate and more Exams Training and Development in PDF only on Docsity! CPDT-KA Exam 2024 Questions and Answers 100% Accurate Operant Conditioning - Skinner - ANSWER-learned by association -works with VOLUNTARY behaviors - applying reinforcement or punishment AFTER the behavior Creator of this method considered a "reinforcer" something that made a behavior occur more frequently. If there was no change in the behavior, it wasn't a reinforcement. Formula: Discriminative Stimulus (your command)-Response-Consequence Classical Conditioning - Pavlov - ANSWER-Learned association between 2 events: 1 event is neutral and 1 event elicits an unconditioned response. Works with INVOLUNTARY/automatic behaviors (like drooling) and placing a neutral sign (like ringing a bell) BEFORE it. Learning - ANSWER-a change in behavior that lasts for a long time Performance - ANSWER-the doing of a behavior, doesn't mean that something was learned Discriminative Stimulus - ANSWER-Your command Temporary Criteria - ANSWER-the beginning steps of an exercise towards performing a command that is new to the dog Reward Based Training - ANSWER-uses positive reinforcement (rewards) and negative punishment (removing something the dog likes - i.e. your attention) Primary Reinforcer - ANSWER-food, water, anything dog needs for survival. Food activates parasympathetic nervous system, can calm dog, make him less fearful, & result in training process being enjoyable Secondary Reinforcer aka Conditioned Reinforcer - ANSWER-Clicker, saying "yes", . . . marks a behavior as rewardable and promises reward in near future. Rewards such as tennis balls, petting, clapping, tug- dog is conditioned to like them. ALL OF THESE ARE LEARNED THROUGH CLASSICAL CONDITIONING. Tertiary Reinforcer - ANSWER-cues the dog knows and enjoys doing. the doing is the reinforcer One of the most important points about reinforcement - ANSWER-Do not feed or reinforce unwanted behaviors during training Shaping - ANSWER-rewards dog for successive approximations of the behavior Luring - ANSWER-lead the dog into the behavior by tempting with a treat Prompting - ANSWER-Much like luring only the animal can't see the treat Chaining - ANSWER-method of teaching a complex sequence of behaviors. each behavior signals the other behavior that eventually signals a reward. Doing this from the last step to the first step is usually the most efficient way - with the last behavior trained first, followed by a reward. Then teach the behavior that will preceed that one, etc, etc. Free Shaping - ANSWER-No instruction, cues or input is given, except for the clicker. Stimulus Control - ANSWER-how a dog responds to cue Under stimulus control - ANSWER-when dog does not: 1. refuse to give behavior when cued to do so 2.give the behavior if not cued to do so 3.give the behavior for a different cue 4. give a different behavior on the cue Superstitious Behavior - ANSWER-some irrelevant behavior that the dog performs along with the desired one thinking that it's required to earn the reward. Usually the result of an accidental reinforcement VSR - ANSWER-Variable Schedules of Reinforcement - for fluency Differential Reinforcement - ANSWER-A type of VSR where we look for the best examples of the behavior to reward & ignore other offers Limited Hold - ANSWER-(VSR) Reward is available only for a certain length of time. It rewards the SPEED of response. Operant conditioning - ANSWER-Majority of dog training is this type Habituation - ANSWER-A decrease in the strength of a naturally elicited behavior that occurs through repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus. The reason for varying rewards - ANSWER-Because dogs can habituate to rewards resulting in slower, less vigorous responses Sensitization - ANSWER-reaction to a stimulus becomes even stronger when the stimulus is being shown repeatedly 2 Example of innate (automatic) Phylogenetic behaviors - ANSWER-1. Fear of fire 2. Nursing in puppies Ontogenetic Behavior - ANSWER-develops over lifetime of individual dog. i.e. quickly learns to run to human for piece of food when name is called 3 motivations for canine behavior - ANSWER-1. Food acquisition 2. Hazard avoidance/safety/comfort 3. Reproductive behavior Temperament - ANSWER-Nature (phylogenetic) & Nurture (environment) plus the experiences that occur during the critical periods Innate behavior - ANSWER-automatic behavior - i.e. nursing. Dog doesn't have to learn it. What percentage of chromosomes do dogs inherit from each parent - ANSWER-Dogs inherit half their chromosomes from father and half from the mother Instinctive Drift (Breland Effect) - ANSWER-Instincts, drives, and fixed action patterns might come back in spite of training Instinct/Drive - ANSWER-motivation toward self-preservation, reproduction, food acquisition, or defense Critical Period where dog has greatest capacity to learn particular skills and responses - ANSWER-3 - 16 weeks of age Engrams - ANSWER-specific neural pathways in the brain that store messages regarding movement/familiar motor actions so they become fluid RAS - Reticular Activating System - ANSWER-Attention center of brain where activities in world outside are perceived, processed and acted upon. Also "tunes out" what isn't important - learned irrelevance. Jacobson's Organ - ANSWER-Vomeronasal - scenting organ located in roof of mouth At what age are dogs capable of breeding? - ANSWER-as early as 6 months How many times a year does female go into heat and for how long? - ANSWER-Two times per year for 2 days to 20 days Limbic System and how training affects it. - ANSWER-Involved with emotions such as fear. When this is active, cerebral cortex is inhibited. We over ride it by giving dog rewards for obeying. Cerebral Cortex - ANSWER-cognitive functions such as learning & problem solving occur in this part of the brain. Opposition Reflex - ANSWER-Thigmotaxis - if you pull one way, the dog's natural reflex is to pull the opposite way Social Hierarchy - ANSWER-Is flexible, affected by variables such as context and physical state of the dog and those around him. Social relationships are established over time by numerous interactions. Dilated Pupils / eyes appear very black - ANSWER-Eyes appear this way when dog is fearful or defensive Dog's lips retract vertically - only the front teeth are showing. (C shape mouth) - ANSWER-The dog's mouth in an Offensive threat Dog's lips retract horizontally - you can usually see all the teeth, even the back ones. - ANSWER-Dog's mouth when showing teeth defensively Baseline Posture - ANSWER-Normal body posture for a dog. Tail down, head up, mouth relaxed, body not stiff. Ambivalence - ANSWER-In conflict, unsure, may be confused. Dog's body language may show offensive and defensive positions. Displacement Behaviors - ANSWER-Shows that the dog is unsure of himself and trying to hold it together. List of several displacement behaviors - ANSWER-yawning, lip licking, scratching - out of context behaviors. Language of Dogs - ANSWER-sight, sound, smell Critical Zone - ANSWER-Dog's personal space dependent on environment and stress levels Calming Signals - ANSWER-yawning, turning away, blinking, averting eyes, etc. produce pacifying effect on animal exhibiting them and possibly the animal they're signaling to. Greeting behavior - ANSWER-mutual curving nose to tail, somewhat relaxed body and wagging tail. If dog is unsure, body will be stiff and high, wagging slowly Agonistic - ANSWER-combative Options dogs use to resolve social or competitive disputes - ANSWER-Avoidance, Appeasement, Submission The main trigger of threats and aggression - ANSWER-Fear a reaction to a situation, not a personality trait - ANSWER-Dominance Best neutralizer when you see a dog with conflicted emotions or threatening aggression - ANSWER-Space. A secondary one is keeping the dog focused on a rewarding task. Social Faciliation - ANSWER-Pack mentality. i.e. One dog becomes aggressive and others around him follow suit toward a particular dog. One dog gets a drink of water and many others do. etc. Predatory Drift - ANSWER-dogs getting along fine and suddenly something causes heightened arousal, triggers limbic response, making one dog regard the other as prey Predatory Behavior - ANSWER-Directed toward objects moving away - intent is to obtain food - has nothing to do with malice Level 1 Bite - ANSWER-Air snap - no contact Level 2 Bite - ANSWER-Skin not punctured, may be red mark or slight bruise Level 3 Bite - ANSWER-1 to 4 holes from single bite, puncture no deeper than 1/2 length of canine tooth Level 4 Bite - ANSWER-1to 4 holes from a single bite, deeper than 1/2 length of teeth, severe bruising, could be slashes in both directions Level 5 Bite - ANSWER-Multiple level 4 bites Level 6 Bite - ANSWER-Victim dies What level bites should be referred to dog bite specialist? - ANSWER-Levels 3, 4, and 5 Percentage of bites that are level 1 through 3 - ANSWER-99% - when referring to dog bites Includes both Reward Based Training and Compulsive Training methods - ANSWER- Operant Conditioning includes what types of training? CER - Conditioned Emotional Response - ANSWER-dog rides in car, hears loud backfire and it scares him. Now he's afraid to ride in cars thinking he'll hear that scary noise. What kind of response is this? Problem with Fixed Schedule - Ratio or Interval - ANSWER-immediately after dog is rewarded, his attention decreases because he knows the next reward is sometime in the future. No good for improving quality of performance. Dog rushes through repetitions to get another reward. Behavior may "scallop". Dog may refuse to work if intervals are too long. Problem with Variable Duration Reinforcement (VD) and with Variable Ratio Reinforcement (VR) - ANSWER-Few people can calculate the process correctly, doesn't improve quality of performance Variable Schedules - Ratio or Interval - ANSWER-Dog is rewarded after unpredictable number of responses (ratio) or unpredictable length durations (interval). For example, VD5 - dog is rewarded after varying durations that average out to be 5 seconds Differential Reinforcement (DR) - ANSWER-Dog is given different value rewards that reflect the quality of the performance. Rewarded for precision or best examples of the behavior Proofing - ANSWER-Achieving great generalization by the dog. Dog can perform the cue in the same manner in different environments, every time, all the time. Neonatal Stage - ANSWER-0 to 2 weeks. Born blind, deaf, and without teeth.Unable to regulate their body temperature. Sleep about 90% of the time. Most influenced by mother. Transitional Stage - ANSWER-2 to 4 weeks. Eyes open, hearing develops, puppy becomes explorer. Capable of standing. Play behavior begins to bloom. Start to eliminate on their own. Most influenced by mother & littermates. Socialization Stage - ANSWER-3 to 12 weeks - critical for socialization - lasting effect on future behaviors. Learning bite inhibition. Weaning process starts. First Fear Period - ANSWER-8 to 11 weeks. Shouldn't be exposed to scary events such as being shipped across the world or undergoing elective surgeries. Juvenile Period - ANSWER-Permanent teeth come in, short attention span, heightened exciteability. Second Fear Stage - ANSWER-4 to 6 months of age CCPDT - Certification Counsel of Professional Dog Trainers - ANSWER-Independent certifying body whose ethics and code must be followed as a certificant Humane Hierarchy - ANSWER-A position statement and code of conduct to guide certificants in the dog training process and behavior modification 5 steps of Humane Hierarchy for modifying behavior - ANSWER-1. health, nutrition, physical factors 2. Antecedents - environmental mgmt to prevent behavior from occurring 3.Positive Reinforcement, Classical Conditioning 4. Live with or Manage the Behavior, Negative Punishment, Negative Reinforcement, Extinction, Consult Another Professional (not listed in order of pref) 5.Positive Punishment Dog Training & Behavior Intervention Practices - ANSWER-Governs the practices in which a CCPDT certificant may not engage Behaviors suggesting the desire to increase distance - ANSWER-Loud, deep barking/growling lunging piloerection stiffness hard stare snapping Behaviors suggesting the desire to decrease distance - ANSWER-barking/whining lunging play bow full tail wag eyes soft body fluid 4 behavioral systems - ANSWER-fear submission investigation play What age should dog start puppy class - ANSWER-8 weeks Targeting - ANSWER-Applying an object the dog has already been taught to interact with Hookworms - ANSWER-contracted from larvae on ground through skin or infected mother. Feed on blood in lining of small intestine. Symptoms: black, tarry feces, lethargy, anemia, pale gums. Zoonotic but don't inhabit human intestines. Migrate under skin and cause itchy, red rash that often goes away by itself. Parvovirus - ANSWER-Can be deadly to puppies. Symptoms: Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea Resting pulse rate of dog greater than 50 pounds - ANSWER-70 - 120 bpm Resting pulse rate of dog 25 to 50 pounds - ANSWER-80 - 120 bpm Resting pulse rate of dog 10 to 25 pounds - ANSWER-90 - 140 bpm Resting pulse rate of toy breeds - ANSWER-100 - 160 bpm whipworms - ANSWER-Contracted from infected eggs. Worms live in dog's colon. Symptoms: Diarrhea with blood or mucus. Tapeworms - ANSWER-Contracted by fleas. Symptoms: itchy bottom, scooting, white grains of rice around anus or in feces. Considered "reactive" traits in a dog - ANSWER-Any behavior - fearful, aggressive, friendly - that goes beyond the behavior of a normal dog in frequency, duration, or intensity. 4 important considerations for reinforcement - ANSWER-Timing Criteria Rate Value When it comes to criteria, what 3 things are most owners looking for? - ANSWER- Physical Response - dog performs the cue Latency of Response - how fast he performs Duration of Response - how long he'll stay in position normal body temperature for a dog - ANSWER-100.2 to 102.8 Thomas Gordon's Active Listening Technique - ANSWER-Repeating in your own words what the client has told you Another term for Secondary Reinforcer - ANSWER-Conditioned Reinforcer Blocking - ANSWER-Stimulus becomes irrelevant if it is presented together with an already familiar stimulus. i.e. trying to teach commands in another language after he already knows the command in English Continuous Reinforcement - ANSWER-Behavior is reinforced each time it occurs. The Pros & Cons of Continuous Reinforcement Schedule - ANSWER-Pros: increase in rate of behavior is rapid Cons: dog responds until he's satiated another name for secondary reinforcer - ANSWER-Conditioned reinforcer