Download CPDT-KA Test Prep Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! CPDT-KA Test Prep Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Updated 2024 Dogs who didn't receive enough socialization as a puppy are typically what? - Correct Answer-Neophobic Define Eustress - Correct Answer-Moderate or normal psychological stress, interpreted as being beneficial. Ideal state for learning and doing. "Good stress." What are the symptoms of Distemper, and how can it be spread? - Correct Answer- Runny eyes, fever, snotty nose, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and paralysis. Often fatal. Very contagious virus. Spread through virus particles in the air or in the respiratory secretions of infected dogs. One of the "core" vaccinations. What are the 6 steps of the LIMA Humane Hierarchy, in order? - Correct Answer-1) Wellness; nutritional, physical 2) Antecedent Arrangements/Management/Environment 3) Positive Reinforcement 4) Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviors (DRA) 5) Extinction, Negative Punishment, Negative Reinforcement 6) Positive Punishment What are the symptoms of heartworms, and how are they spread? - Correct Answer- Coughing, lethargy, difficulty breathing, heart disease, and death. Spread through mosquito bites. Can be diagnosed with a blood test. Many prescription products available to prevent and treat heartworms. What are some possible substitutions for a clicker/marker word when working with a deaf dog? - Correct Answer-Flashlight, thumbs up, gentle tap on the dog's nose, foot stomps or other vibration, etc. What are the signs of heat stroke, and how is it treated? - Correct Answer-Excessive panting, drooling, anxiousness, weakness, abnormal gum color (darker red or purple), collapse, and death. Immediately take dog to shaded area and cool with cold wet towels that are wrung out and rewetted every few minutes. May run cool water over dog's body and quickly wipe away. Immediately transport the dog to an emergency veterinarian. Heat stroke can rapidly become deadly. What are the symptoms of Canine Parvovirus (Parvo), and how is it spread? - Correct Answer-Attacks the gastrointestinal system, causing fever, vomiting, and sever (often bloody) diarrhea. Spread by direct contact between dogs as well as contaminated stool, surfaces, bowls, collars, leashes, equipment, and hands and clothing of people. Can survive in soil for years. Very contagious. Treatment is very expensive, many dogs die despite intensive treatment. One of the "core" vaccinations. Define: Emitted Behavior - Correct Answer-Voluntary action. Behavior or action that, when performed, acts on the dog's environment and produces different kinds of consequences that affect the dog (like reinforcement or punishment) Ex: dog sits in order to receive a reward Define: redirected behavior - Correct Answer-Alternative to displacement behavior; behavior is redirected to an alternative target Ex: Dog A displays aggression towards Dog B, but cannot reach them due to a physical barrier, and redirects the aggression to Dog C, who can be reached Once paired with an unconditioned stimulus, a neutral stimulus becomes what? - Correct Answer-A conditioned stimulus During the neonatal stage, puppies cannot see, hear, or...? (2 things) - Correct Answer- Regulate their body temperature or eliminate on their own, though they can crawl, feel, smell, and grunt. Neonatal stage is the first 2 weeks after being born Define: Desensitization - Correct Answer-The process of exposing a dog to low-level stimulus that elicits a low-level response and gradually increasing the intensity of the stimulus without eliciting the response. Must be used with counter-conditioning to be truly effective. Define: Stereotypic Behavior - Correct Answer-Repetitive behavior patterns without an obvious goal or function. Usually derived from normal behaviors. stereotypic behaviors may be performed as components of displacement behaviors or compulsive disorders. Ex: Pacing, excessive grooming, etc. Define: Stimulus - Correct Answer-Something that causes a behavior Define: Counter-Conditioning - Correct Answer-Training a dog to display a behavior towards a stimulus that is different from their current reaction to that stimulus. Must be used in conjunction with desensitization to be effective. What are the symptoms of Canine Influenza, and how is it spread? - Correct Answer- Coughing, fever, snotty nose. The same symptoms as kennel cough Spread through respiratory secretions or contaminated objects (surfaces, bowls, collars and leashes, etc.). Virus can survive up to 48 hours on surfaces, up to 24 hours on clothing, and up to 12 hours on people's hands. Newer disease, and dogs' immune systems generally aren't prepared for it. A vaccine is available, but not currently recommended for every dog What are the symptoms of Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (aka GDV, Bloat, Gastric Torsion, Twisted Stomach, and Flipped Stomach), and how is it treated? - Correct Answer- Restlessness, pacing, swollen of distended abdomen, painful abdomen, overall look of distress, retching or attempts to vomit with no success, excessive drooling, panting or rapid breathing, collapse/inability to stand IMMEDIATELY rush dog to an emergency veterinarian. GDV CANNOT be treated at home. Significance risk of death if not caught early. If caught early, ~80% chance of survival. Preventative Gastropexy is available, and is 95% successful at preventing "basic bloat" from progressing to GDV What vaccines are included in the DHLPP/DHPP combination vaccine? - Correct Answer-Distemper, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis (in DHLPP, not DHPP), Parvovirus, and Parainfluenza Some combinations (DHPP) do not include Leptospirosis Each time a dog walks nicely on leash, the owner praises and releases the dog to "go sniff". This is an example of which of the following? A) Thorndike's Law of Effect B) The Premack Principle C) Classical Learning D) Desensitization - Correct Answer-B) The Premack Principle The more desired* behavior (free sniffing) is reinforcing the less desired* behavior (loose leash walking) * more/less desired as seen by the dog, not the owner It is believed that ancient wolves first began to evolve into proto-dogs roughly how long ago? - Correct Answer-20,000-30,000 years ago What are the symptoms of leptospirosis, and how is it spread? - Correct Answer-Fever, muscle weakness, vomiting, lethargy, abdominal pain, and kidney or liver failure. Caused by Leptospira bacteria, shed in urine of infected animals. Animals and people usually become infected by drinking contaminated water or coming into contact with contaminated soil or food. Vaccine is available. Sometimes included in Canine Distemper combination vaccine (DHLPP) Transmittable to humans Define: Conditioned - Correct Answer-A stimulus, response, etc. that has been taught to have meaning to the learner What are the symptoms of kennel cough, and how is it spread? - Correct Answer-Snotty nose and dry, hacking cough. Very contagious, spread through contact with infected dogs or infected surfaces/equipment. Can be caused by a combination of viruses and bacteria, but most commonly Bordetella. Dog may be contagious before symptoms are present. Vaccination available (Bordetella), but not all dogs need it Do dogs display more or less conspecific (same-species) aggression than wolves? - Correct Answer-More The Belyaev fox domestication experiment showed that selecting for tameness also created changes in what? - Correct Answer-Fox appearances and behavior. When breeding for tameness (and ONLY tameness), foxes became more "dog-like," with rounder faces and bodies, shorter legs, and overall "cuter." Also got significantly better at reading human body language and cues, even when they hadn't experienced them before. Define: Agonistic Pucker - Correct Answer-Wrinkling or puckering of the skin around the muzzle, commonly observed in dogs during conflict or aggression. Snarl Sexual behaviors usually develop during which development stage? - Correct Answer- Sexual behaviors typically begin to start in the Juvenile stage (Starting between 3-4 months of age of ending between 5-14 months, at sexual maturity), but sexual maturity is reached at the transition to the Adolescent stage. The start of the Adolescent stage is specifically defined by the dog reaching sexual maturity Define: Submissive Grin - Correct Answer-Appeasement gesture, shows deference and that the dog is not threatening. Shows teeth, often accompanied by increased movement, lowered body posture, etc. Other appeasement gestures may include lowering tail, lifting paw, licking lips, looking away or squinting eyes. Can be hard for humans to differentiate from snarl/agonistic pucker Define: Overlearning - Correct Answer-Making a behavior/lesson so strong that it is known in all environments and situations. Ex: rapid-fire sit practice at home leads to dog knowing sit everywhere https://www.clickertraining.com/node/1935 Define: Agonistic - Correct Answer-Related to or associated with conflict At what age does the socialization window for puppies close, making it very difficult to establish bonding with people? - Correct Answer-14 weeks Define: Displacement Behavior - Correct Answer-Usually normal behaviors that are performed at an inappropriate time, appearing out of context for the occasion. Arise from situations of conflict, frustration, or anxiety. Behaviors displayed out of context to process emotions Define: Extinction Burst - Correct Answer-Early stage of extinction. Initial surge of extreme behavior. Also known as Spontaneous Recovery Ex: Owner starts ignoring dog's barking, barking gets worse (before eventually getting better) How would you create a classical association? - Correct Answer-Present a neutral stimulus (i.e. a clicker) followed by an unconditioned stimulus (such as food) While working on counter-conditioning, it is possible for the unconditioned stimulus (such as food) to become "poisoned." What does this mean? - Correct Answer-The stimulus (food) begins to predict the conditioned stimulus. Creates negative reactions towards the food. What are the 9 canine developmental stages? - Correct Answer-Neonatal (Birth-11 days) Transitional (11-21 days) Primary Socialization Period (3-7 weeks) Human Socialization Period (7-14 weeks) 1st Fear Impact Period (8-11 weeks, within human socialization) Juvenile (3-4 months (start) to 5-14 months (sexual maturity, end)) Adolescent (5-14 months(sexual maturity, start) to 2-3 years(social maturity, end)) 2nd Fear Impact (Between 5 and 12 months, within adolescent) Maturity (1-4 years) When the dog howls, the noise goes away (Negative), increasing the likelihood of howling in the future (Reinforcement) What are the core vaccinations for a dog? - Correct Answer-Parvovirus, Distemper, Canine Hepatitis, and Rabies Operant learning relies exclusively on which of the following: A) Emitted Behavior B) Elicited Behavior C) All of the above D) None of the above - Correct Answer-A) Emitted behavior Operant conditioning relies on tying a voluntary behavior to the consequences that the behavior brings. A voluntary behavior is an emitted behavior, while an elicited behavior is involuntary. Define: Consequence - Correct Answer-What occurs in response to a behavior. Ex: treats, praise, being told no, etc. Define: Habituation - Correct Answer-A decrease in behavioral response after repeated exposure to a stimulus. Similar to desensitization, but desensitization starts at a low level stimulus and works up. Habituation is experiencing a stimulus in every day life and eventually getting used to it. Although it acts as a secondary reinforcer in operant learning, a clicker or marker work is initially conditioned through classical methods. Therefore, a clicker or marker word is what type of stimulus? - Correct Answer-Conditioned Stimulus. It did not initially have meaning to the dog, but was taught to have meaning through association with food. A dog is pulling on its leash to greet a stranger. The owner asks the stranger to wait until the dog stops pulling to say hi. After the dog sits, the owner allows the stranger to approach. What quadrants of training are exhibited, and in what order? - Correct Answer-Negative Punishment followed by Positive Reinforcement. Access to the stranger is taken away (Negative) in order to decrease the likelihood of pulling on the leash (Punishment) Access of the stranger is given (Positive) in order to increase the likelihood of sitting (Reinforcement) A dog is counter surfing and knocks a plate down. The plate makes a loud noise, startling the dog. The dog no longer counter surfs. What quadrant of training was exhibited? - Correct Answer-Positive Punishment. A loud noise was added to the environment (Positive), which decreased the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future (Punishment). In order to teach a puppy to lie down, the owner watches the dog throughout the day and marks and rewards whenever the puppy lies down on their own. What training method is this? - Correct Answer-Capturing Define: Capturing - Correct Answer-Marking and rewarding whenever a dog spontaneously offers a specific behavior, increasing the likelihood of the behavior in the future. Define: Shaping - Correct Answer-The process of teaching a behavior a small step at a time. Often used with longer or more complex behaviors. Breaks the behavior down into a series of steps, marking and rewarding for each successive step in order, until the entire behavior can be performed start to finish True or False: It is currently believed that dogs self-domesticated - Correct Answer-True Dogs that were naturally more tame were able to scavenge closer to human settlements, and were therefore able to access more resources and had a better chance of reproducing, leading to increased tameness over time. Often referred to as "Survival of the Friendliest" Aggression between dogs is referred to as which of the following: A) Intra-Specific B) Inter-Specific C) Predatory D) Possessive - Correct Answer-A) Intra-Specific Intra = within the same Specific = relating to a species Intra-Specific = within the same species The optimal arousal level of a dog for training is when the dog is in what state? A) Distress B) Eustress C) Relaxation D) Hunger - Correct Answer-B) Eustress Also called "good stress." Define: Learned Irrelevance - Correct Answer-The tendency for a dog to ignore certain cues because the dog does not associate any particular meaning to them. Often happens if a cue is repeated too often. Similar effect to habituation Define: Generalization - Correct Answer-The ability to recognize and respond to stimuli that are similar to a learned stimulus, or the same stimulus in different environments. For example, a dog that responds to "sit" from anyone and anywhere has generalized the "sit" cue and behavior Define: Superstitious Behavior - Correct Answer-Unneeded or irrelevant behavior that is performed along with the desired behavior, because the dog thinks that the irrelevant behavior is also required. Often results from accidental reinforcement Define: Learned Helplessness - Correct Answer-The thought that any attempt will lead to failure or any behavior will lead to a bad outcome, so no behavior is offered. Giving up. Dog may display signs of depression, anxiety, aggression, resent, and/or shut down completely. A common result of Positive Punishment. Define: Fixed Action Pattern - Correct Answer-A type of behavior that involves a series of steps/actions that are triggered by a specific stimulus. These behaviors are innate and present from birth; they do not need to be learned. Once the series of steps is started, it will go through to completion, even if the initial stimulus is removed partway through. Ex: Chasing small animals, play behavior (such as play bows and tail wagging), digging. All of these are prevalent even in dogs that have not been exposed to a dog performing these behaviors before, showing that they are innate. An example in humans is yawning when we see someone else yawn. Involuntary response, and even if the yawn is stifled, a deep breath in and a deep breath out will still occur, showing that the steps will still be completed. Define: Innate Behavior - Correct Answer-Automatic behavior that is genetic; the dog does not have to learn the behavior Ex: Nursing