Cpdt test Questions with verified Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download Cpdt test Questions with verified Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Cpdt test Questions with verified Answers 1. The dog sits and a treat is given. The dog learns to sit. -- correct answer --Positive Reinforcement 2. While walking on leash the dog lunges forward and feels pain associated with the tightening of a prong collar. The dog learns not to lunge against the collar. -- correct answer --Positive Punishment 3. The dog barks at the owner for attention and the owner leaves the room. The dog learns not to bark at the owner. -- correct answer -- Negative Punishment 4. The puppy jumps against the owners legs and no attention is given to the puppy. The puppy learns not to jump against the owners legs. -- correct answer --Extinction 5. The owner feeds the dog whenever he lies down in the kitchen. The dog learns to lie down when in the kitchen. -- correct answer --Positive Reinforcement 6. The dog causes the leg bands on a no pull harness to loosen by walking closer to the owner. The dog learns to walk closer to the owner. -- correct answer --Negative Reinforcement 7. The owner hits the dog with a rolled up paper whenever the dog makes eye contact with the children. The dog learns never to look at children. -- correct answer --Positive Punishment 8. The dog barks in his crate for 20 to 30 minutes after the owner leaves. Nothing happens as a result of the barking. The dog learns not to bark when the owner leaves. -- correct answer --Extinction 9. The dog looks away from the handler during the heel free exercise and the handler abandons the dog in the training room. The dog learns to keep his eyes glued on the handler. -- correct answer --Negative Punishment 10. A puppy is tethered to a training wall. The handler walks away from the puppy whenever he is jumping. The do learns to keep four feet on the floor when standing by the handler. -- correct answer -- Negative Punishment 11. Treats are dropped on the floor in the kitchen whenever the dog stares at the cook. The dog learns to stare at anyone who is cooking. -- correct answer --Positive Reinforcement 12. A dog, while chasing a deer is called. When he does not return to his handler, an electric shock is applied to his neck. The dog learns to come back when called. -- correct answer --Positive Punishment 13. While learning to retrieve, a lab opens his mouth and an ear pinch stops when he opens his mouth to take the dummy. The dog learns to open his mouth to accept the dummy. -- correct answer --Negative Reinforcement 14. The puppy jumps on the garbage can and knocks it over, and edible refuse is dumped out on the floor. The puppy learns to get into garbage cans. -- correct answer --Positive Reinforcement 15. The puppy jumps on the garbage can and knocks it over, and a large pile of cans falls on the puppy causing extreme fear. The puppy stops jumping on the garbage can. -- correct answer --Positive Punishment 16. The puppy follows children home everyday in hope of attention. The children fail to pay attention to the pup ans he eventually stops following them. -- correct answer --Extinction 17. A fearful pup barks at approaching people who then back off. Barking increases. -- correct answer --Negative Reinforcement 18. On the agility course the dog running begins to bark. The handler removes the dog from the course and puts him in his crate. The dog learns to run quietly. -- correct answer --Negative Punishment 19. A service dog is given a treat when he applies forward pressure on his harness. The dog learns to lead his partner. -- correct answer -- Positive Reinforcement 20. A veterinary technician feeds the dog a treat when he is being examined by the vet. The dog learns to enjoy visiting the vet. -- correct answer --Positive Reinforcement 21. When training a dog to go over the A frame in agility, the trainer offers a treat to the dog when he has his back feet on the contact zone and his front feet on the ground. The dog learns to go all the way to the ground and touch the contact zone along the way. -- correct answer --Positive Reinforcement 22. In practice sessions, the handler uses a prong collar and a tight leash to keep the dog at her side. The dog learns to heel close to the handler to release the presser on the prong collar. -- correct answer -- Negative Reinforcement 23. In the protection phase of Schutzhund training a puppy is allowed to take the sleeve off the arm of the agitator. The puppy learns to bite when being formally agitated. -- correct answer -- Positive Reinforcement 24. At the groomer's , the dog barks while in the drying crate. The groomer uses a squirt bottle to spray water in his face to "correct" the barking. The dog learns to avoid going into any crate. -- correct answer --Positive Punishment 25. Every morning you take your puppy to the dog play park. You approach from the south end of the park and meet your other dog E. The Age of the dog -- correct answer --D. The Color of the dog 33. Any action or event that occurs following a behavior. -- correct answer --Consequence 34. Any event that can be perceived by the animal -- correct answer - -Stimulus 35. Learning -- correct answer --Condition 36. Any action performed that can be observed and measured -- correct answer --Behavior/Response 37. The statement of a dependent relationship between events -- correct answer --Contingency 38. An explanation of how things work -- correct answer -- Theory/principles 39. The level of behavior that has occurred -- correct answer -- Performance 40. Anything that the animal desires greatly -- correct answer -- Appetitive/Positive 41. Anything that the animal considers a bad thing -- correct answer -- Aversive/Negative 42. A stimulus that occurs after a behavior has occurred -- correct answer --Consequence 43. Shaping is a method used in training where: A. The animal's body is manipulated by the trainer into the desired position. B. The animal is prevented from doing anything other than the desired behavior. C. The piece of food is used to show the animal which way to move his body in order to perform the behavior. D. The animal is given feedback about when he is doing the wrong behavior. E. The animal is reinforced for closer and closer approximations of a behavior. -- correct answer --E. The animal is reinforced for closer and closer approximations of a behavior 44. Which of the following is a principle not a method: A. Click and treat B. Reinforce the behavior you wish to keep C. Jerk and praise D. Luring E. Mimicry -- correct answer --Reinforce the behavior you wish to keep 45. Anything that will increase the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. -- correct answer --Reinforcer 46. Anything that is added into the interaction between the trainer and the learner -- correct answer --Positive 47. A closer and closer approximation towards the behavior. -- correct answer --Shape 48. The behavioral demand being made upon the learner -- correct answer --Criteria 49. Anything that is removed from the interaction between the trainer and the learner. -- correct answer --Negative 50. Dog pees in toilet area, handler take dog for a walk. Dog learns to pee in toilet area -- correct answer --Positive Reinforcement 51. Dog runs around and barks at handler whenever she puts her shoes on to go for a walk. Handler puts shoes on and takes shoes off randomly thirty to forty times a day over the course of a week, never pairing putting shoes on with taking dog out for walk. -- correct answer -- Extinction 52. Dog is chasing a deer and runs into a fence. Dog learns not to chase deer. -- correct answer --Positive Punishment 53. Dog is asked to sit. Upon sitting, dog is told to stay and handler leaves. Dog stands up, and handler returns and physically repositions dog into a sit. Dog learns not to move when left in the sit. -- correct answer --Positive Punishment 54. Dog is presented with a pile of wooden articles. One article is smeared with peanut butter. Dog learns to choose articles that smell like peanut butter. -- correct answer --Positive Reinforcement 55. Dog is fitted with a no jump harness. When jumping, pressure is applied against the back of the dog's hind legs. This pressure is alleviated when the dog drops down to having all four feet on the floor. Dog learns to keep four feet on the floor. What happens when the dog jumps? -- correct answer --Positive Punishment 56. Dog is fitted with a no jump harness. When jumping, pressure is applied against the back of the dog's hind legs. This pressure is alleviated when the dog drops down to having all four feet on the floor. Dog learns to keep four feet on the floor. What happens when the dog chooses to land? -- correct answer --Negative Reinforcement 57. Dog scratches against the refrigerator door. Nothing happens following the dog's door scratching. Dog learns not to scratch the refrigerator door. -- correct answer --Extinction 58. Dog pulls ahead of handler and handler applies three prong corrections. Dog learns not to forge when heeling. -- correct answer -- Positive Punishment 59. While tracking, the dog lifts his head to air scent. Handler throws car keys at dog, and directs him back to ground scenting. Dog learns not to lift head off track. -- correct answer --Positive Punishment 60. Dog barks in yard during turn out. Handler brings dog in and puts him in crate. Dog learns not to bark in the yard. -- correct answer --Negative Punishment 61. Dog jumps on counter and grabs Sunday dinner while you are out of the kitchen. Dog learns to jump on counters when you are out of the room. -- correct answer --Positive Reinforcement 62. Dog touches hot wood stove and burns nose. Dog learns never to touch wood stove. -- correct answer --Positive Punishment 63. Puppy pulls ahead of handler while walking on leash. Handler stops moving forward. Puppy learns to walk beside owner to keep walk going. -- correct answer --Negative Reinforcement 64. Dog while on leash is pulled forward. When he steps forward, pressure on leash is released. Dog learns to follow the direction of pull of the leash. -- correct answer --Negative Reinforcement 65. Dog is restrained by trainer while handler runs away. Puppy struggles and trainer releases puppy. Puppy learns to follow handler when handler is running away. -- correct answer --Negative Reinforcement 66. Reinforcers can be best described to: A. Decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated B. Be something that the dog wants C. Increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated D. Be something that the dog does not want E. None of the above -- correct answer --C. Increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated 67. In learning theory, when we say that we are using a positive, we mean that: A. We are using something that the dog likes. B. We are adding something to the interaction. C. We approach training in an upbeat manner. D. We subscribe to a philosophy of acting in the best interest of the dog at all times. E. We are increasing the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. -- correct answer --B. We are adding something to the interaction 68. Choose the statement that is true. A. A positive reinforcer is always controlled by the handler. B. A positive reinforcer is always something the dog can consume. D. Will elicit excitory behavior E. Will elicit a different response from an unconditioned stimulus after training. -- correct answer --A. Will elicit the same response as an unconditioned stimulus after training. 77. Salivation when entering a kitchen where you can smell food being cooked is an example of: A. A conditioned response B. A secondary reinforcer C. An unconditioned response D. Excitement E. Associative conditioning -- correct answer --C. An unconditioned response 78. Another term for operant conditioning would be: A. Affinitive conditioning B. Instrumental conditioning C. Learning D. Premack's principle E. Classical conditioning -- correct answer --B. Instrumental conditioning 79. A consequence is: A. A stimulus that precedes a behavior B. A stimulus that coincides with a behavior C. A stimulus that is dependent upon a behavior D. A stimulus that follows a behavior E. A stimulus that predicts a behavior -- correct answer --D. A stimulus that follows a behaviour 80. A contingency is: A. A relationship between events B. A statement of a dependent relationship between events C. A sequence of training events D. A consequence that is controlled by the dog E. A plan for what you will do if your training plan fails -- correct answer --B. A statement of a dependent relationship between events 81. The basic training sequence comprises: A. Both classical and operant conditioning in the form of cue eliciting behavior resulting in a contingent response. B. Only classical conditioning in the form of cue eliciting response. C. Only operant conditioning in the form of behavior eliciting reward. D. Latent learning applied to specific environmental cues E. Innate behavior harnessed by rewards -- correct answer --A. Both classical and operant conditioning in the form of cue eliciting behaviour resulting in a contingent response. 82. Habituation tends to occur most often with: A. Intense stimuli B. Stimuli that elicit intense emotional response C. Weak stimuli D. Stimuli that elicit weak emotional response E. Randomly -- correct answer --D. Stimuli that elicit weak emotional response 83. Sensitization tends to occur most often with: A. Intense stimuli B. Stimuli that elicit intense emotional response C. Weak stimuli D. Stimuli that elicit weak emotional response E. Randomly -- correct answer --B. Stimuli that elicit intense emotional response 84. The process of pairing a conditioned stimulus to an unconditioned stimulus could be considered: A. Instrumental conditioning B. Classical conditioning C. Operant conditioning D. Latent learning E. Innate behaviour -- correct answer --B. Classical conditioning 85. The dog is exposed to a stimulus that elicits great excitement. The dog learns to become excited whenever he is exposed to the stimulus. -- correct answer --sensitization 86. The dog is asked to jump over a series of jumps that are placed very closely together. Over time, the dog learns to shorten his stride when approaching all jumps so as to jump in a controlled manner. -- correct answer --Adaptation 87. The dog hears the phone ring many times every day. The dog learns that phones ringing are not important to him. -- correct answer --Learned Irrelevance 88. The dog is initially startled when a gun is fired. After repeated visits to a firing range, the dog stops being startled when a gun is fired. -- correct answer --Habituation 89. The dog is initially startled when a gun is fired. After repeated visits to a firing range, the dog becomes very reactive to all sudden loud noises. -- correct answer --Sensitization 90. The dog is called to come every time he runs away from the owner. In obedience class, the dog has difficulty relating the recall cue "come" to the behavior of going to the owner. -- correct answer -- Learned Irrelevance 91. An agriculture inspection dog is sent to stay with his handler each weekend. It is noticed that over time, the dog ceases to indicate common produce such as potatoes, apples and oranges. -- correct answer --Adaptation 92. The agility dog is taught to walk though the rungs of a ladder. Over time, the dog learns to place his feet very precisely. -- correct answer --Adaptation 93. a change in behavior that lasts for a long period of time. -- correct answer --Learning 94. the doing of a behavior - not necessarily means something was learned -- correct answer --Performance 95. Acquisition, fluency, generalization, maintenance -- correct answer --4 stages of learning 96. unless there is evidence to the contrary, you must account for a phenomenon with the simplest explanation available. -- correct answer --Principle of parsimony 97. The study of behavior -- correct answer --Behaviorism 98. this is learning - very simple -- correct answer --Conditioning 99. a.k.a Pavlovian conditioning - an association between things. Leaning that things go together. A predictable relationship that one thing is related to another. Conditioned stimulus predicts an unconditioned stimulus and causes a conditioned response. -- correct answer --Classical Conditioning 100. Skinnerian conditioning - an animal learns that its behavior has consequences. Discriminative stimulus (your command) - Response - Consequence. 4 possibilities: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Positive Punishment, Negative Punishment -- correct answer --Operant Conditioning 101. learning that occurs when something happens that is not related to anything else. A stimulus causes a response. -- correct answer -- Single event learning 102. the behavior of turning the head and attention towards a new voice or visual stimulus. -- correct answer --Orienting Response 103. The ability to get used to and stop reacting to meaningless stimuli. -- correct answer --Habituation 131. a discriminative stimulus that is very visible or noticeable. It tends to get the most attention of the dog. -- correct answer --Salience 132. Stimuli that are not noticed by the animal because there are more salient stimuli around. A salient stimulus overshadows many other stimuli -- correct answer --Overshadowing 133. The phenomenon in which a stimulus is being disregarded by an animal if presented together with an already salient and established stimulus. This is why you need to introduce the new cue before the lure and not with it. -- correct answer --Blocking 134. The ability to choose between two or more different things. Can be hard to teach. -- correct answer --Discrimination 135. the predisposition of the animal to learn classical conditioning easier with certain unconditioned stimuli and conditioned stimuli, and not others. For example it is easier to learn a flavor with illness then a visual sign with illness. This is very adaptive. -- correct answer -- Preparedness 136. An outcome of a dog forced to make a discrimination that is no longer possible. Dog may show great anxiety. # -- correct answer -- Experimental Neurosis 137. what happens when rewards are no longer being given. The behavior is degraded until it is no longer offered. This is not unlearning. The dog simply learns a new rule. -- correct answer -- Extinction 138. a behavior that happens after it was allegedly extinct. The behavior that was extinct suddenly reappears. Aka extinction burst. -- correct answer --Spontaneous Recovery 139. Continuing to engage in a behavior despite the fact that reward is being given anymore. Usually due to a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement. -- correct answer --Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect (PREE) 140. The response to a negative reinforcement of positive punishment method of training. The dog is engaging in a behavior in order to avoid or escape a certain aversive outcome. Can be signaled or un-signaled. -- correct answer --Escape/Avoidance Response 141. if the aversive does not follow a signal or the dog is not allowed to escape the aversive, the dog will eventually lay down and become immobile, after learning that there is nothing it can do to stop the aversive from happening. -- correct answer --Learned Helplessness 142. aka shaping by successive approximations. A method of teaching a new behavior in which any behavior that begins to resemble the wanted behavior is reinforced. Gradually, the standard of the behavior that is reinforced is increased to resemble the wanted behavior. -- correct answer --Shaping 143. Manipulating the animal or the environment in a way that makes the dog do the behavior. There can be visual prompts as well known as lures. The problem is that the dog learns that the prompt means the behavior needs to be done and the prompt must be faded as soon as possible. -- correct answer --Prompting 144. A method of teaching a complex sequence of behaviors. Each behavior signals the other behavior that eventually signals a reward. Backward chaining is the most efficient way usually - in this method the last behavior is trained first followed by a reward. Then we go backwards and add behaviors. -- correct answer --Chaining 145. a very strong animal learning process in which the animal starts to touch or manipulate a conditioned reinforcer (clicker) in order to get the primary reinforcer. Can be a strong training tool. For example teaching retrieve to a non retriever. Make the ball, dumbbell a conditioned reinforcer for food and the dog will start trying to manipulate it. -- correct answer --Autoshaping 146. establishing a classically conditioned emotional response (usually fear). This is the base for many fears and phobias in many dogs. This process is very resistant to extinction. -- correct answer -- Conditioned Emotional Response (CER) 147. The methods use to try and eliminate CER's. Desensitization is the process in which we produce a very low level of the stimulus that produces fear and slowly work up to a full stimulus. Together with this we need to use counter conditioning which is the association if this stimulus with a positive consequence. -- correct answer -- Counterconditioning and desensitization 148. the process in which animals learn to avoid a certain food. This happens very fast and is very adaptive. -- correct answer --Taste Aversion Learning 149. the process in which the fear eliciting stimulus is shown in a full blown way without the subject being able to escape. This can sometimes work but is unethical and more often then not, only makes more harm. -- correct answer --Flooding / Response Prevention