CPH CERTIFIED IN PUBLIC HEALTH NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE, Exams of Nursing

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CPH CERTIFIED IN PUBLIC HEALTH NEWEST

2024 ACTUAL EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE

COMPLETE 400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)

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When confronted with constrained community resources for emergency preparedness, a critical success factor for a community emergency response program is: (A) Community-wide practice drills (B) A community-wide alert system (C) A unified command and control center (D) A community-wide campaign promoting family preparedness (E) All of the above - ...ANSWER...E What are the non-traditional partners that could be effective collaborators in community-wide preparedness planning? (A) Public safety agencies (e.g. Fire, Police) (B) Public health departments (C) Emergency management (D) Social service and faith-based agencies - ...ANSWER...D Public health is concerned with the health of populations. Accordingly one of the core functions of public health as described by the Institute of Medicine (1988) is: (A) Refining the definition of populations (B) To create and advocate for solutions to address, at all levels, the health concerns of populations (C) Making certain that health policy legislation always contains the phrase "population health"

(D) Developing a new model for solving all public health problems - ...ANSWER...B It is frequently said that the most difficult component of the policy process is not implementation but getting health legislation approved because of the (A) Politics of health care and services delivery are so value laden (B) Need to have funds to hire well connected lobbyists (C) Very different opinions held by the two major political parties (D) Ability to preserve and keep a piece of legislation on the agenda and in front of those in power - ...ANSWER...D The largest single component in most public health and health care budgets, and therefore the one with which managers must be most familiar is: (A) Computer software and hardware (B) Pharmaceuticals (C) Personnel (D) Shortfalls - ...ANSWER...C For the overarching guidance of an organization, which of the following should be measurable? (A) Vision and values (B) Mission and vision (C) Goals and objectives (D) Mission and goals - ...ANSWER...C The primary purpose of strategic planning is: (A) To beat the competition (B) To define the organization's vision (C) To maximize financial status (D) To determine the direction an organization will pursue within its chosen environment and guide the allocation of resources and efforts - ...ANSWER...D

It is often said that the typical manager (and health care managers are no exception) devote up to 81% of his/her time to communication daily. This implies that: (A) Managers have to be equipped with the most technological advancements for speedy communication (B) Have a thorough understanding of the communication process including the role of "noise" in the communication process (C) Know how to encode and decode a message (D) Have a thorough understanding of the communication process including when to use the most appropriate communication venue and how to use it most effectively - ...ANSWER...D Information management deserves greater attention nationally from public health administrators and managers. Which of the functions below would not be a priority reason for IMs increased funding for public health departments? (A) Pivotal, all encompassing role information plays in management's organizing function (B) Strategic implications of storing information for operational decision making (C) Potential information management holds for mitigating health disparities (D) Potential for developing public health electronic medical records - ...ANSWER...D What would be the best source of information on adult and infant mortality? (A) Disease registers (B) Vital statistics (C) Special survey study (D) Hospital clinic statistics - ...ANSWER...B Which of the following terms is expressed as a ratio (as distinguished from a proportion)?

(A) Male Births / Male + Female Births (B) Female Births / Male + Female Births (C) Male Births / Female Births (D) Stillbirths / Male + Female Birth - ...ANSWER...C Mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex differences: (A) Males greater than females (B) Females greater than males (C) Males equal to females (D) Males equal to females in the first years of life - ...ANSWER...A Morbidity rates by sex in the United States show the following sex differences: (A) Males greater than females (B) Females greater than males (C) Males equal to females (D) Males equal to females in the first years of life - ...ANSWER...B Case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of: (A) High prevalence (B) High validity (C) Low case fatality (D) Low prevalence - ...ANSWER...D RATIONALE: Comparison of mortality rates due to cancer of the uterus in users and non-users of supplemental estrogen revealed the following mortality rates per 100,000: Age Users of Estrogen Non-Users of Estrogen 45 - 54 3.0 1. 55 - 70 17.0 6.

(D) Descriptive (E) Experimental - ...ANSWER...B Which of the following statements regarding disease measures is inaccurate? (A) Prevalence equals duration times incidence (B) Prevalence is a proportion (C) Cumulative incidence is a proportion (D) Incidence density is a proportion - ...ANSWER...D In a population of 5,000 people, 100 ate spinach contaminated with E. coli (O157:H7) and became ill. Of the ill, 15 died. What was the case fatality rate? (A) 20 per 1, (B) 3 per 1, (C) 150 per 1, (D) 15 deaths - ...ANSWER...C A case-control study comparing ovarian cancer cases with community controls found an odds ratio of 2.0 in relation to exposure to radiation. Which is the correct interpretation of the measure of association? (A) Women exposed to radiation had 2.0 times the risk of ovarian cancer when compared to women not exposed to radiation (B) Women exposed to radiation had 2.0 times the risk of ovarian cancer when compared to women without ovarian cancer (C) Ovarian cancer cases had 2.0 times the odds of exposure to radiation when compared to controls (D) Ovarian cancer cases had 2.0 times the odds of exposure to radiation when compared to women with other cancers - ...ANSWER...C Double-blinded (masked) studies are an important way to: (A) Achieve comparability of cases and controls

(B) Avoid observer and interviewee bias (C) Avoid observer bias and sampling variation (D) Reduce the effects of sampling variation (E) Avoid interviewee bias and sampling variation - ...ANSWER...B The difference between primary and secondary prevention of disease is: (A) Primary prevention focuses on control of causal factors, while secondary prevention focuses on control of symptoms (B) Primary prevention focuses on control of acute disease, while secondary prevention focuses on control of chronic disease (C) Primary prevention focuses on control of causal factors, while secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of disease (D) Primary prevention focuses on increasing resistance to disease, while secondary prevention focuses on decreasing exposure to disease - ...ANSWER...C A screening test is used in the same way in two similar populations, but the proportion of false-positive results among those who test positive in population B is higher than that among those who test positive in population A. What is the most likely explanation for this finding? (A) The specificity of the test is higher in population A (B) The specificity of the test is lower in population A (C) The prevalence of disease is higher in population A (D) The prevalence of disease is lower in population A - ...ANSWER...C The relative risk of drying for smokers compared to non- smokers is: "The death rate per 100,000 for lunch cancer is 7 among non-smokers and 71 among smokers. The death rate per 100,000 for coronary thrombosis is 422 among non-

(E) It only includes data pertaining to vaccine-related diseases

• ...ANSWER...D The following are characteristics of a cross-sectional study except: (A) Characteristics of "case" are clearly defined (B) The study is done on a defined population (C) All members of the population should be able to experience the outcome of interest (D) Patients are followed for a sufficient period of time for outcome events to occur (E) The study is done on a representative sample of the target population - ...ANSWER...D All of the following statements are true about both prospective and retrospective cohort studies except: (A) They measure the incidence of disease (B) They allow assessment of possible associations between exposure and many outcomes (C) They require the manipulation of the exposure of interest by the investigator (D) They avoid bias that might occur if measurement of exposure is made after the outcome of interest is known - ...ANSWER...C In a cross-sectional study of peptic ulcer among men and women aged 35 to 59, 70 per 100,000 men and 95 per 100, women met the criteria for symptomatic peptic ulcer disease. The inference that in this age group, women are at greater risk of developing peptic ulcer is: (A) Correct (B) Incorrect because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence (C) Incorrect because rates were used to compare males and females

(D) Incorrect because of failure to recognize a possible cohort effect (E) Incorrect because there is no comparison or control group

• ...ANSWER...B A prevalence study of depression drew a sample of the residents of Houston by visiting all residents in randomly selected census tracts. A screening test with a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 50% was used to identify individuals as "likely depressed." The study reported a prevalence of 28%. This prevalence is: (A) A true representation of depression in this population (B) Higher than expected because of the specificity of the screening test (C) Lower than expected because of the specificity of the screening test (D) Higher than expected because of the sensitivity of the test (E) Lower than expected because of the sensitivity of the test - ...ANSWER...B In ordinary usage, the verb to communicate means which of the following: (A) to tell a person something specific (B) to provide clear and precise instructions (C) interact in written form as opposed to verbal in the legal sense (D) to exchange thoughts, feelings, and information - ...ANSWER...D In communicating the "channel" is: (A) The appropriate television listing for reaching the most people in a demographic (B) The medium in which the message travels (C) The pathway of least resistance among - ...ANSWER...B

Cultural competence alone cannot address health disparity because: (A) Cultural competence is not well-implemented in the different health settings (B) There are other issues, such as low socioeconomic status and educational level, that contribute to health disparities and cannot be addressed by cultural competence (C) Discrimination against the racial groups is a structural problem in United States that cannot be solved with cultural competence techniques - ...ANSWER...B As a public health specialist, you have developed the ability to work effectively within the cultural context of a community that shares a diverse cultural background. This is termed: (A) Cultural awareness (B) Cultural competence (C) Cultural feasibility (D) Cultural measures - ...ANSWER...B The most promising resolution to the problem of health disparities includes: (A) Improved data collection and evaluation of health care systems (B) An increase of diverse providers involved in disparities- reduction programs (C) Minimum standards for culturally and linguistically competent health services (D) Expansion of coverage plans for all ethnic, racial low- income groups - ...ANSWER...D Which of the following have not been demonstrated as gender- linked health disparities? (A) Domestic and sexual violence (B) Sexually transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS (C) Unintentional and intentional injuries (D) Health care decision-making

(E) Clients being less informed about and taking less responsibility for their own health - ...ANSWER...C The best example of culturally appropriate community engagement and empowerment refers to which of the following? (A) Teaching community members how to best communicate with providers (B) Conducting health needs and assets assessment with communities and sharing the information with them (C) Teaching self-determination to community members (D) Implementing health projects that result in the reciprocal transfer of knowledge and skills among all collaborators and partners - ...ANSWER...D The practice of linguistic competency refers to all but the following: (A) The capacity of an organization and its personnel to communicate effectively (B) Conveying information in a manner that is easily understood by diverse audiences (C) Use of family members as medical interpreters (D) Assisting persons of limited English proficiency, low or no literacy skills - ...ANSWER...C The single best predictor of poor health is: (A) Poor sanitary conditions (B) Lack of medical care (C) Genetics (D) Poverty - ...ANSWER...D Which of the following statements is true with respect to power? (A) Power depends upon the use of force (B) The exercise of power is a last resort when politics fails to achieve organizational objectives

(C) focuses on quantitative assessment (D) occurs within a group - ...ANSWER...d Which leadership theory advances the notion that one's task- relationship orientation can only be modified within certain limits and that structural and power factors will dictate whether you have a good leadership "fit?" (A) Contingency (B) Path-Goal (C) Situational (D) Transformational - ...ANSWER...A Which of the following best characterizes the contingency theory of leadership? (A) The leader's authority is contingent upon subordinates (B) The leader's effectiveness depends upon factors in the leadership context (C) The leader's effectiveness is contingent primarily on the technical competency of her/his followers (D) The leader's authority is contingent upon formal rules and sanctions - ...ANSWER...B Which of the following leadership strategies is likely to be most effective for the head of a research team intending to implement an evaluation study of the effectiveness of an intervention to prevent high risk behavior among pre-teens in a low-SES community by partnering with community representatives and parents of at-risk children? (A) Convey an attitude of solicitous, paternal concern, insuring the community leaders that whatever the team does will benefit the community (B) Clearly demonstrate your own academic credentials and "track record" to convince the community representatives of your expertise, skills and knowledge of the problem (C) Tell the community leaders that your only agenda is to help improve their community

(D) Invite the community leaders to work collaboratively to plan, develop and implement the research study/intervention - ...ANSWER...D Excellent managers motivate people to get a job done as specified. Leaders: (A) Find new ways to do the job (B) Supervise managers (C) Motivate people to approach the job in ways they could never have imagined (D) Evaluate the performance of the completed job - ...ANSWER...C Public health leaders when making decisions face the challenge of: (A) Protecting the rights and liberties of those individuals affected by disease (B) Creating maximum benefit for all (C) Minimizing resource expenditure (D) Gaining trust from health care providers they serve - ...ANSWER...B Leadership trait and skill theories: (A) Point to the right stuff for a leader to possess to be effective (B) Have not changed over time (C) Are not relevant to public health leaders (D) Prove leadership cannot be learned or developed - ...ANSWER...A One of the key criteria for an effective team is: (A) There is no conflict between team members (B) Team members have a clear goal on which the leader helps them focus (C) Team members all have an MPH

Dr. Sharon Smart is a senior genetics researcher for Genomatic, Inc., an emerging pharmaceutical company. Dr. Smart was the lead researcher in a recent large-scale clinical study designed to test the efficacy of Alive, a new pharmaceutical designed to successfully treat a terminal form of ovarian cancer. Dr. Smart received a call today from a colleague at Genomatic, Dr. Duit, the chief information officer, who worked in the company's headquarters in Seattle. Dr. Duit had recently received a request from the dean of the medical school at a major university that sought access to some of the company's clinical trials databases. Researchers at the medical school thought that some of Genomatic's information might further research on a joint pharmaceutical project between the university and Genomatic. Dr. Smart inquired as to whether she could share the data without specified informed consent of the subjects. Dr. Duit assu - ...ANSWER...D Dr. Sharon Smart is a senior genetics researcher for Genomatic, Inc., an emerging pharmaceutical company. Dr. Smart was the lead researcher in a recent large-scale clinical study designed to test the efficacy of Alive, a new pharmaceutical designed to successfully treat a terminal form of ovarian cancer. Dr. Smart received a call today from a colleague at Genomatic, Dr. Duit, the chief information officer, who worked in the company's headquarters in Seattle. Dr. Duit had recently received a request from the dean of the medical school at a major university that sought access to some of the company's clinical trials databases. Researchers at the medical school thought that some of Genomatic's information might further research on a joint pharmaceutical project between the university and Genomatic. Dr. Smart inquired as to whether she could share the data without specified informed consent of the subjects. Dr. Duit assu - ...ANSWER...B

Children and adolescents below the age of consent are incapable of making determinations on their own behalf when exposed to cigarette advertising and promotion. They need protection from those who seek to stimulate their desires for harmful goods. Cigarette smoking once commenced is driven by the addictive power of nicotine. By restricting advertising and promotion to children, limits would also be imposed on adults. The moral argument to support the ban is: (A) children and adolescents below the age of consent need protection (B) the public needs protection (C) nicotine has addictive power (D) advertising is manipulative - ...ANSWER...C Children and adolescents below the age of consent are incapable of making determinations on their own behalf when exposed to cigarette advertising and promotion. They need protection from those who seek to stimulate their desires for harmful goods. Cigarette smoking once commenced is driven by the addictive power of nicotine. By restricting advertising and promotion to children, limits would also be imposed on adults. The empirical argument to support the ban is: (A) when children receive a free cigarette, they begin smoking routinely (B) outdoor advertising effects child behavior (C) advertising leads to erratic adult smoking behavior (D) restricting advertising will decrease smoking by children - ...ANSWER...D Anonymous data is data for which identifying information was (A) collected (B) linked (C) retrieved (D) not maintained - ...ANSWER...D Informed consent does not include: