CRC full practice test questions with complete solutions graded A+, Exams of Nursing

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CRC full practice test questions with complete solutions

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Artistic, Enterprising, Realistic, social, investigative, and conventional are the categories of career fields as classified in - Correct AnswersHolland's Theory of Vocational Choice Values, personality, aptitude, interest, and achievement are all areas measured within - Correct AnswersPerson-Environment Interaction Theory Job satisfaction and job satisfactoriness are the two factors that determine successful - Correct Answerswork adjustment The extent to which a test demonstrates consistency reflects what - Correct Answersreliability what research designs focus on collecting in-depth information from a relatively small number of participants. - Correct AnswersQualitative Which of the following applications is characteristic of an experiential approach to group therapy? - Correct Answersrole-playing basic assumption of the Person x Environment interaction model? - Correct Answerscongruence between people and their work environments strongly predicts success System I Processing is: - Correct Answersintuitive, spontaneous The Ticket to Work (TTW) program - Correct Answersallows recipients to choose their own vendors The correct order in the Return to Work hierarchy? - Correct Answersreturn to work in same job, with same employer; return to work in same job with different employer;

return to work in self-employment Identifying barriers and obstacles clients face and helping remove them is part of the definition of: - Correct Answersadvocacy Externalizing forbidden wishes or impulses and attributing them to others characterizes which defense mechanism? - Correct Answersprojection The employment-to-population ratio of people with disabilities, per the Kessler Foundation (2021), is around: - Correct Answers40% According to Beveridge et al.'s INCOME Framework, the Maintaining Status involves: - Correct Answersthe process of performing in and sustaining an occupation The extent to which the content of the measure reflects the construct it is intended to measure. - Correct Answersface validity Behavioral therapy emphasizes: - Correct Answerscurrent rather than past behavior Which approach (to family therapy) emphasizes changing meaning and beliefs rather than the behavior itself? - Correct AnswersThe Milan systemic family therapy Life-care planning is a relatively new, _____ specialty. - Correct Answersinterdisciplinary Using _________________ staff when possible is an important strategy for working with individuals with LEP (limited English proficiency) - Correct Answersbilingual Demonstrating concern for the client without regard for legal and social consequences is an example of: - Correct Answersconscience orientation Members of ________groups are at a higher risk for negative outcomes following a disaster. - Correct Answersmarginalized

a research subject's ability to make informed decisions regarding their participation. - Correct Answersautonomy The condition of genuineness/congruence requires the therapist to be: - Correct Answersauthentic A disease that is constant in a specific geographic area - Correct Answersendemic job-matching systems and transferable skills analysis are examples of what theory in rehabilitation counseling - Correct Answerstrait-factor The purpose of a _____________________ is to yield information about the client's current levels of social, educational, psychological, and physiological functioning to help determine the skills, abilities, personality characteristics, and physical tolerance to perform the required tasks associated with potential jobs. - Correct Answersvocational evaluation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) counselors typically: - Correct Answerswork collaboratively with clients While capacity refers to a person's actual ability, ________ refers to what the individual actually does in their current environment. - Correct Answersperformance refers to an individual's self-concept based on their membership in a group - Correct Answerssocial identity refers to the responsibility of the counselor to prevent unauthorized disclosures of clients' information. - Correct Answersconfidentiality The Individuals with Disabilities Act of ______provided free appropriate public education to students with disabilities. - Correct Answers Observation of the client may be better than standardized test instruments for assessing factors such as - Correct Answersmotivation

The World Health Organization (WHO) uses what as the basis of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) and is also used to structure clinical and organizational guidelines. - Correct Answersthe Biopsychosocial Model of Disability Most definitions of wellness include the idea that it is: - Correct Answersa way of living rather than an end state Which type of insurance allows people to tailor coverage over a range of 1 — 12 months? - Correct Answersindividual short-term an alternative to traditional addiction counseling that addresses an individual's ambivalence about change - Correct AnswersMotivational Interviewing the first major legislation that specifically protected workers with disabilities - Correct Answersthe Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Scale of measurement which classifies (names) and assigns numerals but does not distinguish size or amount - Correct Answersnominal services that integrate mental health treatment with substance abuse treatment. - Correct AnswersDual diagnosis What is the final step in resolving an ethical dilemma, according to the ACA's Ethical Decision-making Model? - Correct Answersimplement the course of action In contrast with the U.S., many other countries, such as Germany and Japan, rely on _____ to improve opportunities for people with disabilities - Correct Answersa quota system Who is eligible for Client Assistance Program (CAP) programs? - Correct Answersall people with disabilities who are consumers of VR programs

Examples of an acceptable IRWE (Impairment-Related Work Expense) - Correct Answers1. Transportation (disability-related car modifications; gas and mileage) - Not base vehicle cost.

2. Service Animal- (purchase, training, food, vet, and licenses)- Not non-service aminals.
3. Prosthesis (Artificial body part replacement) - not cosmetic An economic recession is an example of a ________. - Correct Answerssystemic crisis Reversion to childlike behaviors characterizes which defense mechanism? - Correct Answersregression In the five-step problem-solving model, the counselor's assessment of whether the client recognizes the problem is termed: - Correct Answersdecision-making Bezyak et al. (2020) found that employers' ___________ correlated with their failure to recruit and hire people with disabilities. - Correct Answersstigmatizing attitudes Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) are: - Correct Answerssocial service programs Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act requires all federal contractors to establish a ______ utilization goal of including people with disabilities. - Correct Answers7% posits that rewarding behaviors are reinforced while unrewarding behaviors are not reinforced - Correct AnswersThorndike's law of effect To teach clients about how they think so they can correct faulty reasoning. - Correct AnswersThe primary goal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy A commonly used test to measure intelligence - Correct AnswersStanford-Binet Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) provides what to eligible people with disabilities

• Correct Answersmonthly income benefits

An important aspect of resiliency - Correct Answersempowerment Characteristic of the transition stage of group development - Correct Answersidentifying feelings that may interfere with productive work This model includes salient aspects of both the medical and social models. - Correct Answersbiopsychosocial model Adler's Individual Psychology assumes that humans are motivated primarily by what - Correct Answerssocialization what emerged as a reaction against systems that limited the choices of people with disabilities. - Correct AnswersIndependent Living movement According to the CRCC Code of Professional Ethics, minors and individuals with (some types of) cognitive impairments are not considered capable of ________. - Correct Answersproviding informed consent Sexual attraction to people embodying all or many gender expressions - Correct Answerspansexuality Demand-side employment research indicates that employers' misperceptions about individuals with disabilities remain a major barrier to employment because _________. - Correct AnswersEmployers need more accurate and practical information to dispel preconceptions and concerns about hiring and retaining persons with disabilities The model of case management designed for brief service and features little client involvement: - Correct AnswersBrokerage A leadership style that redirects leadership roles to the group members - Correct Answerslaissez-faire The idea that everyone's behavior within a family affects everyone else's behavior - Correct Answerscircular causality

Medicare Advantage - Correct Answerscombines the benefits of Medicare Parts A and B Using social media to connect with potential employers and colleagues is part of: - Correct Answersnetworking Parsons' conceptualization of trait and factor theory is now known as - Correct Answerstrait-type interaction theory. The practices and processes involved in the management of a total caseload, as opposed to a single client - Correct Answerscaseload management The O'Net System uses a(n) ___model that reflects the character of occupations (via job- oriented descriptors) and people (via worker-oriented descriptors). - Correct Answerscontent prohibits federal contractors and subcontractors from discriminating against hiring individuals with disabilities. - Correct AnswersThe Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 503 According to Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), what two points are seen as jointly promoting career-related interests - Correct Answersself-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations the health model integrates several other models in order to predict health behavior. - Correct AnswersHealth Action Process Approach the psychological state in which the health condition/disability is incorporated into an individual's self-concept - Correct Answersacceptance characteristic of the working stage of group development - Correct Answersfeedback exchanged among group members Reporting rule that would apply in a case where the counselor learns that their client is abusing the client's child. - Correct AnswersMandatory reporting laws supersede confidentiality

The final stage of the customized employment process - Correct Answerspostemployment support. The employment approach that has traditionally been used by vocational rehabilitation counselors - Correct Answerssupply-side One of the oldest surveys designed to assess individuals' interests to help them make career decisions. - Correct AnswersStrong Interest Inventory examples of microskills used in therapy - Correct Answersparaphrasing, reflecting, summarizing, attending, questioning, Title II of the ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in what area - Correct Answersservices provided by state and local governments With the advent of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA), One-Stop Career Centers did away with what - Correct Answerstiered services (core, intensive and training) The model of case management based on the idea that clients possess the inner resources to cope with their challenges: - Correct AnswersStrengths-Based A frequency distribution that results in a bell-shaped curve and indicates relative standing within a comparison group of interest - Correct Answersnormal distribution the records that receive the most attention and concern counselors and clients the most: - Correct Answersclinical case notes the model suggests that behavioral change depends on whether the person believes the change will achieve a certain outcome - Correct AnswersSocial Cognitive theory Wellness - Correct Answersboth a desired state and an active process The process of identifying jobs with similar functions for individuals with disabilities - Correct Answerstransferable skills analysis

one goal of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) - Correct Answersintegrate supply-side and demand-side approaches to foster best outcomes critical interventions in the field of intervention - Correct Answersself-help and support groups Marshak and Seligman's five-level guidance for counselor interface with family needs and preferences - Correct Answersprovide structured assessment and intervention According to the NEO personality inventory, enthusiasm in social situations is demonstrated by who? - Correct Answerspeople who score high in extraversion According to the DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles), functions of data include - Correct Answerssynthesizing, coordinating, compiling, and computing The discovery phase of Supported Employment may include the following assessment tool: - Correct Answersjob shadowing the Integrative Dual Diagnosis Treatment (IDDT) model integrates - Correct Answersmental health and substance abuse treatment. Studies show that oppressed communities such as the BIPOC and LGBTQ communities show a disproportionate number of what - Correct Answerspersons with disabilities Focus of a supply-side approach - Correct Answersmedical, psychological, and job-skills assistance for workers with disabilities, rather than on workplace culture Primary reason for conflicts between client and counselor - Correct Answersthe client's perception of having been wronged by the counselor Technique for helping a client express feelings generated by a crisis - Correct Answersaffective intervention

An approach to rehabilitation counseling that focuses on a client's abilities rather than their limitations - Correct Answersempowerment approach Projection and repression are types of what - Correct Answersdefense mechanisms The belief that sexual relations should occur only between people of opposite genders is termed - Correct Answersheterosexism In the Hierarchy of Evidence, Level I involves: - Correct Answersevidence from a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) A "scheduled" injury - Correct Answersthe loss of, or loss of use of, specific body parts test content that favors one group of people over another - Correct Answerstest bias A summative evaluation primarily evaluates _________. - Correct Answersoutcomes Chan et al. (2020) found that a workplace that supported inclusion of people with disabilities resulted from what - Correct Answersleadership committed to disability inclusion at an executive level The amount of time records must be kept is determined by - Correct Answersindividual agencies and some state licensure laws two or more injuries resulting in impairment and functional disability - Correct AnswersPolytrauma A term used by some indigenous societies to describe people who demonstrate both male and female gender expressions. - Correct Answerstwo-spirit According to the Independent Living (IL) philosophy, a major barrier to the independence of people with disabilities - Correct Answersstigmatizing attitudes Clinical case notes and email transcripts are two examples of: - Correct Answersrecords

the capacity of human beings to make choices and impose those choices on the world. - Correct Answersagency Factors in determining substantially limiting - Correct AnswersNature and severity, duration, and impact essential in crisis intervention because individuals cannot withstand crises for long periods. - Correct AnswersThe principle of immediate intervention The Office of Minority Health, the National language Service Coprs (NLSC), and the U.S. General Services Administration all provide resources relevant to what? - Correct Answerslanguage accessibility An assessment approach that involves the client performing a simulated or actual work activity - Correct AnswersWork samples assessment Chan et al. (2010) found that employers were more positive about hiring people with disabilities if they: - Correct Answerswere knowledgeable about the ADA and reasonable accommodations the individual's right to choose whether to enter into or remain in a counseling relationship - Correct AnswersInformed consent a step on the pathway to competitive employment. - Correct AnswersTransitional employment The _________ process is complex and involves many steps, such as the involvement of a board or committee: - Correct Answersformal complaint A safety plan typically includes a list of - Correct Answerswarning signs/symptoms One principle consistent among the different definitions of case management - Correct Answerscase management is an ongoing and collaborative process

a process in which supervisors provide supervisees with constructive feedback. - Correct AnswersEvaluation In Freudian Psychoanalytic theory, the ego is driven by: - Correct Answersthe reality principle the first industrial accident-related insurance program in the US. - Correct AnswersThe Federal Employers' Liability Act Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) includes resources on: - Correct AnswersAlcoholics Anonymous The _______ view of gender limits the possibilities to male or female. - Correct Answersbinary requires that professionals grounded in their own disciplines come together to work in a coordinated and coherent manner. - Correct AnswersInterdisciplinary collaboration Identifying and treating attention or memory issues in a client with polytrauma is a function of - Correct Answerscognitive remediation services Any systematic method of obtaining information from tests and other sources, used to draw inferences about characteristics of people, objects, or programs - Correct Answersassessment an initial response that may occur at the onset of an injury or disabling condition. - Correct Answersshock The most widely used test to assess personality traits - Correct AnswersMMPI- 2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) Another term for situational assessment - Correct Answerson-the-job evaluation A living requirement for Centers for Independent Living (CILs): - Correct Answersa person with a disability must reside there, at least temporarily

An evaluative statement related to a person, object, or event, which can be positive or negative - Correct Answersattitude In examining the factors preventing companies from hiring more workers with disabilities, the USDOL found that employers most commonly stated need - Correct Answersaccurate and practical information During the Trial Work Period: - Correct AnswersA beneficiary must continue to have a disability The ability to make effective decisions based on knowledge and understanding of financial concepts - Correct Answersfinancial literacy A systematic study undertaken to determine the best job for a worker based on such factors as job duties and the traits necessary to accomplish the job: - Correct Answersjob analysis Strength-based approach to counseling that has empirical support: - Correct AnswersSolution-focused brief therapy the first career development theory developed specifically for people with disabilities - Correct AnswersMinnesota Theory of Work Adjustment the ways in which systems of oppression work together to produce inequality. - Correct Answersintersectionality made the state-federal VR program permanent - Correct AnswersThe Social Security Act of 1935 The extent to which the findings of a study can be extrapolated to other populations, settings, and conditions - Correct Answersexternal validity Learning and practicing necessary skills to live a full life with a chronic condition - Correct Answersself-management

assessment tool that consists of illustrated depictions of occupations for use with clients with intellectual disabilities - Correct AnswersReading-Free Vocational Interest Inventory The health model that posits two variables affecting health behavior - Correct Answersthe Health Beliefs model *the final step in resolving an ethical dilemma, according to the ACA's Ethical Decision- making Model - Correct Answersimplement the course of action *System I Processing - Correct Answersintuitive, spontaneous *Strength-based approach to counseling that has empirical support: - Correct AnswersSolution-focused brief therapy *Marshak and Seligman's (1993) five-level guidance for counselor interface with family needs and preferences: - Correct Answersprovide structured assessment and intervention *Which approach emphasizes changing meaning and beliefs rather than the behavior itself? - Correct AnswersThe Milan systemic family therapy *Helping a client express feelings generated by a crisis is a technique known as: - Correct Answersaffective intervention *The _______ view of gender limits the possibilities to male or female. - Correct Answersbinary *In the five-step problem solving model, the counselor's assessment of whether the client recognizes the problem is termed: - Correct Answersdecision-making *Which of the following is a definition of self-management? - Correct AnswersLearning and practicing necessary skills to live a full life with a chronic condition *Which health model integrates several other models in order to predict health behavior? - Correct AnswersHealth Action Process Approach

*the first industrial accident-related insurance program in the US. - Correct AnswersThe Federal Employers' Liability Act *In the Hierarchy of Evidence, Level I involves: - Correct Answersevidence from a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) **Strength-based approach to counseling that has empirical support: - Correct AnswersSolution-focused brief therapy **What is the final step in resolving an ethical dilemma, according to the ACA's Ethical Decision-making Model? - Correct Answersimplement the course of action **Values, personality, aptitude, interest, and achievement are all areas measured within: - Correct AnswersPerson-Environment Interaction Theory **Marshak and Seligman's (1993) five-level guidance for counselor interface with family needs and preferences: - Correct Answersprovide structured assessment and intervention **What is the term for the psychological state in which the health condition/disability is incorporated into an individual's self-concept? - Correct Answersacceptance **In the five-step problem solving model, the counselor's assessment of whether the client recognizes the problem is termed: - Correct Answersdecision-making The obligation for rehabilitation counselors to teach advocacy skills to their clients stems from the belief that: - Correct Answersclients have the right to self-determination of choice. Cognitive-Dissonance Theory is based on the: - Correct Answersassumption that when an individual has contradictory thoughts or ideas within an established behavior pattern, discord occurs. The group counseling theory based on the holistic view of the individual is: - Correct AnswersAdlerian

A judge subpoenas a rehabilitation counselor to provide a copy of a client's psychological evaluation that was performed by an independent psychologist. The rehabilitation counselor should: - Correct Answersdirect the court to obtain the report directly from the psychologist. When developing a rehabilitation plan for a client who has recently been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, the rehabilitation counselor should consider that: - Correct Answerssymptoms can abate and recur with increasing frequency and severity for many years The assessment techniques commonly used to evaluate adults with specific learning disabilities fall into these three categories - Correct Answersinformal tests and observational measures, standardized psychological tests, and neuropsychological test batteries Krumboltz's theory suggests the four factors that influence career decisions are genetic endowment, environmental conditions, learning experiences, and - Correct Answerstask approach skills. An important service rehabilitation counselors can provide to employers is: - Correct Answerspost-placement follow-up Which program allows individuals to work with Social Security to set aside income and/or resources for a specified period of time to pursue a work goal? - Correct AnswersPlan to Achieve Self-Support (PASS) In the state/federal rehabilitation program, the development of the Individualized Plan for Employment (IPE) is guided primarily by: - Correct Answersthe client's objectives In the private sector, workers' compensation is regulated by - Correct Answerseach state The method by which the impact of rehabilitation services can be assessed is - Correct Answersprogram evaluation Group therapy forming stage - Correct Answersclients will be reserved as they get to know each other and try not to be rejected.

Group therapy transition stage - Correct Answersstorming: members struggle and compete with each other norming: Group cohesion, respect for each other Group therapy working stage - Correct AnswersStarts to dig deeper, explores thoughts and emotions Group therapy final stage - Correct Answersunderstanding, reflects on experiences and decide how they will use the knowledge in the future The first step in clinical problem solving - Correct Answers requirement for participation in a pharmacy assistance program usually include - Correct Answersincome less than 200% of federal poverty level To access research articles about interventions for disability and rehab in Europe and Asia, database is - Correct AnswersCIRRIE Type of group therapy to help members with a common problem - Correct Answerssupport group focus of initial treatment for dual diagnosis - Correct Answersdetoxification Glasgow coma score that indicates potential for rehabilitation - Correct AnswersOver 8 client-centered model with a PCP who coordinates care - Correct Answersmedical home model Type of insurance plan that offers the most flexibility - Correct Answersindemnity plans Theory that states that change in one in one family member's behavior affects others in the family - Correct AnswersBowden's family systems theory

Primary purpose of the caseload matrix in caseload calculations is - Correct Answersidentify variables in various settings affecting caseloads First step in clinical problem solving - Correct Answersdefining the issue Tuckman's group development stage where members express positive feelings and attachment to other members - Correct Answersnorming The group therapy member who resists group efforts and sometimes acts irrational - Correct Answersblocker family therapy best suited for schizophrenic client reentering the home - Correct Answerspsychoeducation Basic ADA requirement - Correct Answersemployers make reasonable accommodations for disabled According to IDEA planning for transition should begin at what age - Correct Answersat or before 14 First tasks to determine appropriate AT in the workplace - Correct Answersidentify the work tasks A test of ability that results in distribution of data at the bottom of a scale - Correct Answersfloor effect focus of demand-side employment - Correct Answersemployer needs and type of work environment Hollands realistic personality prefers what type of work - Correct Answersworking with hands and tools Transferrable skills analysis work field - Correct Answersreflecting the manner of completing work and results of work

Bernard discrimination model: awareness of personal body language - Correct Answerspersonalization Potter Box - understanding values - Correct AnswersProfessional: Proximity, impact, human interest Moral: humanness, justice, honesty Aesthetics: harmonious, pleasing, imaginative Logical: competency and knowledge Socio-cultural: thrift, hard work, energy, restraint adequate unbiased data collected and analyzed within a specific population - Correct Answersinternal validity Type of data analysis used to determine statically significant difference in the means of two groups - Correct Answerst-tests Boundary ambiguity occurs in a family when - Correct Answersa client is physically present but not psychologically or mentally present A common neurological complication of HIV/AIDS - Correct AnswersPeripheral neuropathy Primary function fo rehabilitation - Correct AnswersRestore function and role Real capital - Correct Answersphysical goods used to produce products (equipment) primary purpose of volunteer peer counselors in independent living services - Correct Answersincrease awareness of living options and provide support regular lab tests for bipolar should include - Correct Answersthyroid hormone levels

Purpose of Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) - Correct Answersphysical capabilities for work-related tasks Biomedical definition of disability - Correct Answersa deviation from the norm in which treatment should be focused on correcting the deviations. Effective tool to identify possible exposure to risk and develop a risk management plan - Correct AnswersFMEA: failure mode and effective analysis Therapy the believes changing the way an individual thinks may change perceptions and behaviors - Correct AnswersCognitive theory Stages of Transtheoretical Model of Change - Correct Answers1. Precontemplation: currently not considering change.

2. Contemplation: Ambivalent about change/procrastination
3. Preparation: Planning to change
4. Action: Practicing new behavior
5. Maintenance: Commitment to maintaining change
6. Relapse: Return to old behavior patterns Most important factor in determining beliefs about health - Correct Answersculture first step in conducting job hazard/ergonomics analysis - Correct Answerscollecting data How is anxiety developed according to behavioral theory - Correct Answersit is learned from experiences Indemnity Insurance - Correct Answerspays in the form of predetermined payments for loss or damages rather than healthcare services. Fee-for-service - providers can balance bill, do not need PCP and can self-refer. dialectial behavior therapy - Correct Answersform of treatment in which the focus is on getting people to change their behavior by accepting who they are regardless of whether it

matches their ideal. Effective for borderline personality disorder: focuses on improving interpersonal effectiveness Primary goal of rehab for SCI - Correct Answersto prevent complications change talk in motivational interviewing - Correct Answersstatements indicating commitment to change Wisconsin card sorting test - Correct Answersa neuropsychological test that evaluated cognitive reasoning: Frequently used with TBI First step to effective consultation with clients and families - Correct Answersestablish a trusting relationship Primary goal of a work hardening program - Correct Answersreturn to full work Action to take when a client discharged from mental instruction refuses counseling - Correct Answersassess the need for court-ordered case management Robert's Seven-Stage Crisis Intervention Model - Correct Answers1. Assess the lethality

2. Establish rapport
3. Identify problems by defining the crisis
4. Deal with the client's feelings
5. Explore Coping Alternatives
6. Develop an Action Plan
7. Follow up with the client NAMI Connection - Correct AnswersNAMI community program that provides weekly recovery support groups Best solution when a client is not adhering to the care plan - Correct Answersdiscuss barriers to adherence with the client

First outcome goal for dual diagnosis should be - Correct AnswersTo only take prescribed medications What is acceptable for an employer to ask a protentional employee with a disability - Correct AnswersThey may only ask "if the person can perform job functions" The primary goal of advocacy - Correct Answerspromote client independence and improve service care systems Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model (R/CID) Stages - Correct Answers1. Conformity: prefers dominant cultural values

2. Dissonance: questions identity and values mainstream culture
3. Resistance & Immersion: Embraces own culture and rejects dominant society
4. Introspection: Questions psychological costs: refocuses energy on personal identity
5. Integrative Awareness: Developed strong sense of racial and cultural identity Vygotsky - Correct AnswersTheory: Social Development Focus: cognitive growth occurs in a social context and evolves from the child's social interactions: Language. culture and zone of proximal development (actual development vs actual development) Key terms: private speech, social speech, silent inner speech Bandura - Correct AnswersTheory: social-cognitive theory Focus: Learning is optimized through observational learning and modeling. Behavior: A continuous reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. Key term: Bobo dolls Keys to effective modeling - Correct Answers1. attention to the model
6. retention

3. reproduction
4. motivation (reason to imitate a behavior)