Criminal Justice Procedures and Concepts, Exams of Security Analysis

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BLE IL PTI TESTS CUMULATIVE (BASIC LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING

FOR THE STATE OF IL TEST 1) SOLVED CORRECTLY TO SCORE A+

3 Pillars of Community Policing

ANS

Developing Community Partnerships,

engaging in problem solving using SARA,

Implementing organizational features/transformation.

Define the components of the SARA Model.

ANS

Scanning- identify and prioritize problems develop goals. Analysis- identify and understand the events that precede and accompany the problem. Response- Brainstorm for new interventions, outline a response plan, carry out planned activities. Assessment- determine whether the plan was implemented conduct ongoing assess.

Outline the process of a felony case.

ANS

Statute of Limitations= 3 years for most felonies Charged via an info. or indictment Preliminary hearing Indictment by grand jury Arraignment Pleas Plea agreements and plea bargains

Forcible Felony

ANS

Murder, Agg sex assault, criminal sex assault, kidnapping, predatory sex assault, burglary, arson, robbery, treason.

Defenses

Ignorance, Defense of person, Insanity, Defense of dwelling, Necessity, Infancy, Compulsion, Entrapment, Drugs and Intoxicants.

aggravating factors- assault

location (public), status of victim, use of firearm/other weapon.

Predatory Criminal Sexual Assault of a Child

ANS

Accused is 17 or over and victim is under 13 Class X Felony (6-60 years) If convicted of two or more, natural life in prison

Sexual Conduct

ANS

any knowing, touching, or fondling by the victim of the accused, either directly or through clothing.

Criminal Sexual Assault

ANS

the act of sexual penetration and the use of force or threat of force. act of sexual penetration and the accused knew the victim is unable to give knowing consent. act of penetration and victim is under 18 and the accused is family. age 13-17 victim or accused is 17 or over but the person is authority or family.

Defenses to Criminal Sexual Assault/Abuse

ANS

consensual lack of verbal or physical resistance

Theft (Misdemeanor/Felony)

ANS

over $500- felony less than $500= misdemeanor

Retail Theft (Misdemeanor/Felony)

greater than $300= Felony Less than $300= misdemeanor

Deceptive Practice (Misdemeanor/Felony)

greater than $150= felony Less than $150= misdemeanor

Criminal Damage to Property

Greater than $500= Felony Less than $500= Misdemeanor

Weeks vs. US

Exclusionary rule at federal level- 1914

Gideon v. Wainwright

A person who cannot afford an attorney may have one appointed by the government. 1963

Graham v. Connor

objective reasonableness. 1989

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Extended the Exclusionary Rule to the states, increasing the protections for defendants

Tennessee v. Garner (1985)

Deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent the escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious injury to the officers or others.

Terry v. Ohio (1968)

Police can detain a suspect with reasonable suspicion that they have committed, are committing, or are about to commit a crime.

Miranda v. Arizona

Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police. 1966

Brady v. Maryland

Prosecution must provide all evidence even if it helps the defense.

Criminal Sexual Abuse

act of sexual conduct and use or threat of force. OR act of sexual conduct and accused knew victim was unable to understand the nature of the act. OR an act of penetration and the accused is 16 or younger.

Forcible Felony

Murder, agg sex assault, criminal sex assault, kidnapping, predatory sex assault, burglary, arson, robbery, treason.

Bio criminology

research into the roles played by genetic and neurophysiological variables in criminal behavior

Routine Activity Theory

a perspective on adolescence that views unstructured, unsupervised time with peers as a main cause of misbehavior

Rationale Choice Theory

states that individuals will make decisions that maximize potential benefit and minimize potential harm

Classical School of Criminology

A set of criminological theories that uses the idea of free will to explain criminal behavior.

deterrance theory

philosophy of criminal justice arising from the notion that crime results from a rational calculation of its costs and benefits

Amendments impacting criminal procedure

4th- unwarranted search and seizure 5th- no need to answer to incriminate yourself, also prohibits double jeopardy. 6th- right to speedy and public trial 8th- No excessive bail and prohibits cruel and unusual punishment 10th- reserved powers clause 14th- due process

Assault

without lawful authority, engages in conduct which places another in reasonable apprehension of receiving a battery.

Battery

knowingly, without legal justification, and by any means causes bodily harm or makes physical contact of an insulting and provoking nature with an individual.

Rape Shield Laws

laws that protect rape victims, for example, by limiting the introduction of evidence about their prior sexual behavior

Public Indecency

performs in public place: sexual intercourse; lewd exposure of sexual organs; lewd caress or indecent fondling; lewd appearance in partial/complete nudity

theft

obtains or exerts unauthorized control over property OR obtains deception control over property of the owner OR obtains by threat control over property

robbery

the unlawful taking of property from a person's immediate possession by force or intimidation

burglary

entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a felony or to steal valuable property

tort

A civil wrong

Section 1983 lawsuits

civil lawsuits authorized by a federal statute against state and local officials and local agencies when citizens have evidence that these officials or agencies have violated their federal constitutional rights

Required per Illinois law, peace officers MUST keep their notes on this type of case.

homicides

first degree murder

killing that is premeditated, deliberate, and done with malice

second degree murder

commits first degree murder with mitigating factors which include acting under intense passion OR they believe at the time the killing would be justified but their belief is wrong.

Eros

life instinct

Personality Theory

A theory that attempts to describe and explain similarities and differences in people's patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving. applied to street crime

Social Disorganization Theory

a theory that asserts crime occurs in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control

differential association theory

theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to

social learning theory

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

social control theory

a theory of delinquency that links deviance with the absence of bonds to society's main institutions

Neutralization Theory

The view that law violators learn to neutralize conventional values and attitudes, enabling them to drift back and forth between criminal and conventional behavior.

labeling theory

the idea that deviance and conformity result not so much from what people do as from how others respond to those actions

Part 1 Index Crimes

violent crimes: homicide, assault, forcible rape and robbery property crimes: larceny/theft, burglary, motor vehicle theft and arson

Part 2 Index Crimes

Other simple assaults, forgery/counterfeiting, fraud, embezzlement, stolen property, vandalism, weapons, prostitution and commercialized vice, sex offenses, drug abuse, gambling, offenses against family and children, DUI, liquor laws, drunkenness, disorderly conduct, vagrancy, all other offenses- except traffic violations, curfew and loitering, runaways.

Illinois Racial Profiling Prevention and Data Oversight Act

no verbal warnings, data to be collected: driver's information, driving violation, date, time, location and duration of stop, vehicle info., officers name and badge number, search or anything found.

Statute of Limitations for a misdemeanor

18 months

Statute of limitations for felonies

3 years

Crimes with no Statute of Limitations

Murder, Kidnapping, treason, forgery, sex crimes, forcible felonies.

Aggravated Robbery

1. causes serious bodily injury to another
2. uses or exhibits a deadly weapon
3. causes bodily injury to another person or threatens or places another person in fear of imminent bodily injury of death, if the person is: 65 yrs or older; or A disabled person F/

Aggravated Burglary

occurs when a weapon is used during a burglary or other common aggravating factors.

Aggravated Battery

A battery that is committed with the use of a deadly weapon, that is committed with the intention of committing another crime, or that results in serious injury.

compulsion

a person is not guilty of an offense by reason of conduct which he or she performs under the compulsion of threat or menace of the imminent infliction of death or great bodily harm.

Consent ages/circumstances

18 years or older to consent with anyone. 17 years or older can consent IF the other person is not family or an authority figure.

Felony Murder Doctrine

a rule of criminal statutes that any death which occurs during the commission of a felony is first degree murder, and all participants in that felony or attempted felony can be charged with and found guilty of murder.

Arson (Misdemeanor/Felony)

Criminal damage to property= less than $ Felony= greater than $

Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)

Ruled that a defendant must be allowed access to a lawyer before questioning by police.

5 Step Deflection Phrases

Ask, Set Context, Present Options, Confirm Noncompliance, ACT (Disengage and/or escalate)

Attempt to commit a crime Dispositions

Drops Class X, Class 1, and Class 2 down one felony class. Every other attempt is a misdemeanor.

7 Critical Needs of Victims

safety, information, support, access, continuity, voice, justice

writ of certiorari

Supreme Court chooses what cases it will hear.

stare decisis

The practice of deciding new cases with reference to former decisions.

4 Pillars of Procedural Justice

Fairness and consistency of rule application, voice and representation in the process, transparency and openness of process, impartiality and unbiased decision-making.

Social Control Theory

direct, indirect, internal, control through needs of satisfaction.

Clearance Rates

The percentage of crimes "solved" by the police but solved doesn't always equate to an arrest.

The most significant element that effects a department's reputation.

The community's confidence in the police.

combat effective area

pelvic region up to the eyeballs

The weight of bullets is measured in ________________.

grains

ethics

establish principles of right behavior that serve as guides for individual or group actions.

Peace officers are responsible for this during a lawsuit.

punitive damages

Best time to use a shotgun

For perimeter shooting

exclusionary rule

illegally gathered evidence (physical or testimonial) may not be introduced in a criminal trial

4th Amendment

Protection against Unreasonable Search and Seizure

"Fruits of the Poisonous Tree" Doctrine

excludes evidence acquired as an INDIRECT result of police misconduct.

probable cause

"reasonable grounds to believe", needed for an arrest and search warrant

Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule

good faith, inevitable discovery, independent source

Reasonable Suspicion

based upon reasonable inferences and articulable facts; needed for a terry stop.

Developing reasonable suspicion

personal observations, suspect behavior, hearsay, officer's training/special knowledge

warrant

A legal paper, issued by a court, giving police permission to make an arrest, seizure, or search.

summons

issued by the court, commanding a person to appear in a specific location.

NTA

issued by an officer, requesting a person to appear in a specific location on a specific time and date.

Is an arrest a "seizure" under the fourth amendment?

Yes

Is a Terry Stop a "seizure" under the 4th amendment?

Yes

What needs to be in an NTA?

offender's name and address, nature of the offense, location of appearance, date and time, statement that failure to appear could result in a summons or warrant, your signature. No legal requirement for a suspect's signature.

Fresh Pursuit

A legal doctrine that permits a Law-Enforcement Officer to arrest a fleeing suspect who crosses jurisdictional lines

Arizona v. Gant (2009)

requires law enforcement officers to demonstrate an actual and continuing threat to their safety posed by an arrestee, or a need to preserve evidence related to the crime of arrest from tampering by the arrestee, in order to justify a warrant-less vehicular search incident to arrest conducted after the vehicle's recent occupants have been arrested and secured.

U.S. v. Ross (1982)

legal warrantless automobile search allows closed containers found in the trunk to be searched

Carroll Doctrine

3 conditions for vehicle search: PC exists, vehicle is mobile, and it is on a public roadway.

An arrest warrant is valid until _______

it is executed or quashed.

What amount of time is given to execute a search warrant?

96 hours

statement

a recounting of a suspect's or witness' knowledge of criminal matter; the content of a statement might amount to an admission or confession.

admission

statement by the suspect that acknowledges a fact that implicates the suspect in the crime- a statement or conduct from which guilt might be inferred when taken in connection with other facts, but from which guilt does not necessarily follow.

confession

admitting fully the commission of an offense- admitting each element of the offense.

Defendants in custody must be tried within how many days?

120 days

Defendants not in custody must be tried within how many days?

160 days

Right to communicate when arrested

make a reasonable number of telephone calls: right to call an attorney and a member of their family.

If a defendant is transferred, their right to communicate is __________________.

renewed

maximum period of time an arrestee may be held without a determination that there is probable cause to keep the arrestee in custody

48 hours

acute agony

a problem that has suddenly and unexpectedly appeared where a person is unprepared and unable to immediately cope with the situation.

chronic agony

A problem that has grated on a person for such a prolonged period of time that their coping system is overtaxed.

Mediation

The goal of a police officer in crisis situations.

Info. you can give to families of adult offenders

where the offender is being held, the reason, and bond if any.

negative admission

a denial of fact that can be independently proven by other means.

What should be done with your field notes?

Put them in the case file

exclusionary rule

improperly gathered evidence may not be introduced in a criminal trial

Hearsay

what others tell you about what happened. May be used for probable cause and in motions to suppress, but cannot be used in trial. Anonymous source hearsay can rarely be used.

Who signs an NTA?

The arresting police officer

Frye Standard

A test to determine the admissibility of scientific evidence.

direct evidence

evidence that (if true) proves an alleged fact, such as an eyewitness account of a crime

Opinion Evidence

evidence of what a person thinks in regard to facts in dispute

circumstantial evidence

(indirect evidence) evidence used to imply a fact but not prove it directly

What is the goal of cross-examination?

Impeachment of witnesses

res gestae

excited utterances that people say with no time to fabricate anything; a hearsay exception.

Hearsay Exceptions

1. Forfeiture by Wrongdoing
2. Former Testimony
3. Statement Against Interest
4. Dying Declaration

5. Excited Utterance (res gestae)
6. Present Sense Impression
7. Present State of Mind
8. Declaration of Intent
9. Present Physical Condition
10. Statement for Purpose of Medical Treatment or Diagnosis
11. Business Records
12. Public Records

Who explains to the witness how to get to court?

police officer

4 parts of an investigation

determine what crime has been committed, determine who committed the crime, obtain probable cause arrest and prosecution, locate and arrest the suspect.

Should you talk to the defense attorney about the case?

No

Things to consider when looking at a suspect...

motive, means, knowledge, opportunity

Where does the chain of evidence end?

The prosecutor

Modus Operandi (MO)

the characteristic method of operation of a criminal; sometimes referred to as MO. Figured out in order to narrow a search in an investigation.

This is what you cannot keep secret if a confidential source was testifying in court.

The identity of the confidential source

7 Critical Needs of Victims

1. safety
2. access to resources
3. information
4. support
5. continuity

6. voice
7. justice

CPTED

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design- deter criminal behavior by changing how places are laid out, and how they look and feel.

highway

The entire width between boundary lines of every way publicly maintained when any part thereof is open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel or located on public school property

roadway

the portion of a highway, other than the berm or shoulder, that is improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel. If a highway includes at least two separate roadways, the term applies to each roadway separately

Class L Driver's License

Any motor-driven cycle with less than 150 cc displacement.

Class D Driver's License

Any motor vehicle with a GVWR of 16,000 lbs. or less, except those vehicles requiring a class A, B, C, L or M license.

Class M Driver's License

Any motorcycle or motor-driven cycle.

moving violation

Convictions of traffic safety laws reported to the Illinois Secretary of State

Which two factors require a mandatory court appearance?

issuance of multiple tickets, any injury involved.

Illinois v. Caballes

the Fourth Amendment is not violated when the use of a drug-sniffing dog during a routine traffic stop does not unreasonably prolong the length of the stop.

Traffic offenses for which a court appearance is required

all alleged major traffic offenses: i.e. no insurance, operating when registration suspended for non- insurance, no valid license, multiple citations, any time there is personal injury, passed school bus.

List offenses for which a custodial arrest should be made.

driving under the influence, driving while license suspended or revoked, any felony violation.

5 primary components of abuse

physical abuse, harassment, intimidation, willful deprivation, interference with personal liberty

family or household member

spouses, former spouses, persons related by blood or marriage, persons who are presently residing together as if a family, or who have resided together in the past as if a family, and persons who are parents of a child in common regardless of whether they have been married. With the exception of persons who have a child in common, the family or household members must be currently residing or have in the past resided together in the same single dwelling unit.

What constitutes domestic violence?

The victim and suspect are family or household members AND there is 1 or more of the 5 forms of abuse.

Reasonable means to prevent further abuse

arrest the abuser where appropriate, arrange for or transporting the victim, advise the victims of the importance of preserving evidence, providing the victim with information.

Officers' responsibilities at a domestic

seize weapons used or threatened, allow minors or dependents to remain with victim, write a detailed report, advise the victim about obtaining an Order of Protection, give domestic violence information tear sheet.

Order of Protection

court orders to prevent further abuse and to give the victim protection.

3 types of orders of protection

emergency, interim, plenary

Of the 17 remedies on orders of protection, how many are police enforced?

7 police enforced, 1 is a police escort

In order for the respondent to be arrested for an order of protection violation, what has to have happened?

The order of protection must be served on the respondent.

How to obtain an order of protection

Most commonly, through the State's Attorney's Office, as part of a domestic violence call or an arrest.

Illinois Automated Victim Notification Act

Provides victims of crime two important services - information and notification - 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. INFORMATION on a defendant's custody status or current court date, NOTIFICATION - changes in the defendant's custody status or a change in court date.

Illinois Crime Victim Compensation Act

compensation for victims, dependents of victims, parents whose child is victim, and/or relative of a victim of a crime. Compensates medical expenses, etc. Victims MUST Report the crime to the authorities within 72 hours. Cooperate fully with the law enforcement officers. File a compensation claim within two (2) years of the crime. injured in this state as a result of a violent crime.

What is the best evidence in a robbery?

witnesses

Who has the tactical advantage?

The person who is in the darker of the two environments.

Explain the squad car position for a traffic stop.

offset to the left 3 feet 10 - 15 feet behind violator's car

response formations

skirmish line, wedge, diagonal

how to address emergency circumstances and instigators in crowds

small squad tactics

how to address/move large crowds and protecting infrastructure

mobile field force, "platoon" formations

In what state was the first juvenile court system established?

Illinois

Which Article of the Constitution established the judiciary system?

Article 3

probation

the release of an offender from detention, subject to a period of good behavior under supervision

DWI violations that result in an arrest (1 in _____)

1 in 100

In the Fort Lauderdate study, police officers arrest this percentage of drivers whose BACS were .10-.

22% of drivers

3 different chemicals that are alcohol

methyl alcohol (methanol), ethyl alcohol (ethanol), and isopropryl alcohol (ispropanol)

Most common and reliable initial indicators of DWI

problems maintaining proper lane position, speed and braking problems, vigilance problems, judgement problems

Phase one of DWI

vehicle in motion

Post stop clues of DWI

difficulty with motor vehicle controls, fumbling with driver license or registration, difficulty exiting vehicle, repeating questions or comments, swaying, unsteady or balance problems, leaning on vehicle or other object, slurred speech, slow to respond to officer/officer must repeat, provides incorrect info/changes answers, odor of alcohol from driver

Phase One DWI Stopping Tasks

Task 1: Initial observation of the vehicle in operation, Task 2: observation of the stop (pay attention!)

Motorcycle DUI Excellent Cues

drifting during turn or curve, trouble with dismount, trouble with balance at a stop, turning problems, inattentive to surroundings, inappropriate or unusual behavior, weaving

Motorcycle DUI Good Cues

erratic movements while going straight, operating without lights at night, recklessness, following too closely, running stop light or sign, evasion, traveling wrong way

Vehicle in motion initial cues

moving violation, equipment violation, other violation, unusual operation, anything else

Procedures for Practicing Cue Recognition and Description

view DWI violation videos, take notes, testify, critique testimony

Phase two of DWI Detection

Personal Contact

The two major evidence gathering tasks of Phase Two are

interview and observation of driver, observation of the exit

The major decision of Phase Two DWI is

whether to have the driver exit the vehicle

The major decision in Phase One DWI is

Should I stop this vehicle?

Phase three of DWI

Pre-arrest screening

The decision made in phase 3 of dwi is

Should I arrest?

Task in Phase three of DWI

Field Sobriety Testing

psychophysical test

Field sobriety tests that measure a person's ability to perform both mental and physical tasks simultaneously.

Nystagmus

the involuntary jerking of the eyes

HGN (Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus)

an involuntary jerking occurring as the eyes gaze toward the side. MOST RELIABLE and involuntary

Vertical Gaze Nystagmus (VGN)

The involuntary jerking of the eyes as they move upward and are held at maximum deviation

3 clues of horizontal gaze nystagmus

Lack of smooth pursuit Distinct nystagmus at maximum deviation Onset of nystagmus prior to 45°

Walk and Turn Test Clues

cannot keep balance while listening to the instructions, starts too soon, stops while walking, does not touch heel-to-toe, steps off the line, uses arms to balance, improper turn, incorrect number of steps

One Leg Stand Test Clues

Sways while balancing, Uses arms to balance, Hopping, Puts foot down

When to administer a PBT

AFTER SFSTs

San Diego Field Validation Study of SFST

HGN- 88% WAT- 79% OLS- 83%

Correct fingerprinting placement of subject

Subject should be 2-3 feet back to the right of the officer

Types of services possibly involved in human trafficking

1. Sexual Exploitation 2. Labor exploitation 3. Servile Marriage (Mail order brides) • Examples of crimes or investigations that may lead to the discovery of human trafficking 1. Labor Disputes 2. Prostitution 3. Domestic Violence 4. Landlord/Tenant Disputes

Phases of Rape Trauma Syndrome

acute crisis, outward adjustment, resolution

Juveniles are associated with which type of crime?

Criminal Damage is associated with this group of people.

violent crime

A UCR/NIBRS summary offense category that includes murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.

uses of the flashlight while searching

navigation, pinning, distraction

best method to search a room/building

search in slices of pie, slow and methodical

3 categories of nystagmus

vestibular, neural, pathological disorders and diseases

Does an arresttee HAVE to have a .08 in order to be arrested for DUI?

No, the arresttee does not have to have this to be arrested for DUI.

Berkmer v. McCarthy (1984)

The officer may ask the person a moderate number of questions in order to determine the person's identity and to obtain information confirming or dispelling the officer's suspicions, but the individual is not obligated to respond to the officer's inquiries.

original title

the first title issued to each owner, regardless of how many times the vehicle is purchased. A vehicle may MULTIPLE ORIGINAL TITLES depending on how many times it is purchased.

duplicate title

If the original title is lost, stolen, or mutilated, the owner must apply for this.

corrected title

If the information on the original title is incorrect or has changed, the owner must apply for this.

Secretary of State - Department of Title Tracing

Certified history (necessary for court) •Identifies each owner of a specific vehicle •Provides copies of all documents submitted to the State of Illinois in the interest of that vehicle

What is a check digit on a VIN?

Digit number 9 on a VIN

What can help determine minimum vehicle speed in a traffic crash investigation?

Skid Marks

In a traffic crash investigation what is the proper order in which to collect evidence?

Begin at the point of impact and search outward

Due to increased intervention, what has happened with gang graffiti?

It has become subdued and less graffiti is in plain view.

When to complete a crash report

when traffic crashes involve only property damage over $1500 if both drivers are insured. No insurance? $500 If there is an injury

What to put on a fingerprint card when a person has been missing a finger since birth.

MAB

trauma

an emotional response to a terrible event

In what stage of a criminal case must the defendant plead guilty or not guilty?

arraignment

What determines whether an event is traumatic or not?

The individual's subjective experience to an objective event.

PTSD

an ANXIETY disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

CNS stimulants

cocaine, meth, ritalin, adderall, vyvanse

CNS depressants

alcohol, GHB, barbiturates, ambien, lunesta, benzos

Club Drugs

Ecstasy, Rohypnol, GHB, Ketamine

What is the only category of drug that constricts the pupils?

Narcotic analgesics do this to the pupils.

Narcotic analgesics

heroin, morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, hydrocodone, buprenorphine

Vicarious Trauma

trauma that results from observing another person's traumatic experience

Obstructing Identification

giving a false name to a peace officer.

obstructing justice

Attempt to avoid apprehension by giving a false name or doing other actions to prevent yourself from being arrested

How many days does a peace officer have to inform their department of a lawsuit against them?

10 days

The "noble cause corruption"

The ends justify the means

Graham v. Connor

Supreme Court case on police use of force

How long do you have to bring civil action against a peace officer?

2 years

Types of people in a crowd

lawless, resistor, yielder

What percentage of police calls are service calls?

80% police calls are this

Dependency Act

Assist an intoxicated person who is a danger to themselves or others Unconscious or immediate medical services- must provide and may have to take them into protective custody.

5 Step Hard Style

Ask, set context, present options, confirm, act

missing persons categories

catastrophic, dependent adult, lost, runaway, stranger, suspicious circumstances, unknown, voluntary missing

endangered missing person advisory criteria

the person is missing under unexplained or suspicious circumstances or because of status (weather, disability, etc).

Service Call Rewards

increased opportunities for public service, increased levels of trust, a more cohesive community, greater job satisfaction

corpus delicti

body of the crime

modus operandi

method of operation used by the criminal

Bio-hazard

a biological agent or condition that is a hazard to humans or the environment (anything with bodily fluid).

Systemic searches for a crime scene

grid, strip, spiral, pie or wheel, zone or quadrant

How to handle high value items of evidence

try not to diminish the value, and use evidence tags to facilitate handling and identification for this type of evidence

What is the best method to gather hairs and fibers?

Tape is the best method to collect this.

Locard's Exchange Principle

states that when a criminal comes in contact with an object or person, a cross-transfer of evidence occurs

examples of domestic terrorism

abortion extremists, black separatists, anarchists

Five essential elements in the execution of arrest or search warrants

safety, legality, surprise, speed, simplicity

Nickname for cannabis

710

types of crowds

aggressive, expressive, cohesive, casual

Police legitimacy

Nothing to do with enforcing the laws, only community relations

common household drug

DXM

A juvenile record can be...

expunged by their 18th birthday

For the purposes of the juvenile court act, adults are

persons over 21

A newborn infant whose blood or urine contains any amount of a controlled substance

neglected minor

Without warrant, a MRAI under 18 can be taken into limited custody for up to how long?

6 hours in limited custody for this group of people

Who identifies the witnesses in court?

The peace officer identifies this in court

Animal Torture

knowingly causing PROLONGED suffering

animal entertainment

illegal cock fighting or dog fighting

muscular endurance

the ability of your muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without tiring

anaerobic exercise

intense short bursts of activity in which the muscles work so hard that they produce energy without using oxygen

Muscular Strength

The amount of force a muscle can exert

Exceptions to the warrant requirement

search incident to lawful arrest, protective sweep, inventory procedure of vehicles, automobile exception, booking searches, exigent circumstances, consent, plain view doctrine

concurrent jurisdiction

if a juvenile commits a traffic offense they are able to be tried in adult court.

exclusive jurisdiction

Jurisdiction that exists when a case can be heard only in a particular court or type of court.

Excluded jurisdiction

16+ and commits serious crime (1st degree murder, Agg. Battery w/firearm on school property, Aggravated Criminal Sexual Assault, Armed Robbery w/firearm, personally discharged weapon)