Criminal Justice System Processes and Theories, Exams of Nursing

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PTI Test 1

Identify basic categories of a neighborhood/community profile - correct answer ✔✔Community Resources, quality of life indicators, employment opportunities, environmental conditions, and community services, Describe a positional community leader - correct answer ✔✔Individuals holding a position of authority or power. These people use the position to influence others. Describe an informal community leader - correct answer ✔✔Individuals who work with others and use shared values/goals, negotiation, and communication to influence others. These leaders are more effective. Describe the problem-solving steps prior to implementation of an action plan to solve a community- based issue - correct answer ✔✔ Describe the problem-solving steps after the implementation of an action plan to solve a community- based issue - correct answer ✔✔ Describe two ways in which the criminal justice system has changed throughout the history of the U.S. - correct answer ✔✔Structure and training. CJ System has changed after the civil rights movement, U.S. Supreme Court rulings, population and culture shifts, and technological advancements. Outline the process of a misdemeanor case through the criminal justice system - correct answer ✔✔Crime is committed, arrest, charges filed, initial appearance, prelim, bail Outline the process of a felony case through the criminal justice system. - correct answer ✔✔Crime, investigation, arrest, charges filed, court - released without prosecution, initial appearance, charges dropped, prelim hearing, charges dropped, bail, grand jury, arraignment Arraignment - correct answer ✔✔a hearing in which a suspect is charged and pleads guilty or not guilty

Filing of Charges - correct answer ✔✔Filing of criminal charges initiates the judicial proceedings initial appearance - correct answer ✔✔before a judge to review charges and determine if PC exists for the arrest and continued detention. Pretrial-Release - correct answer ✔✔Determination to release the accused prior to trial or to continue detention awaiting resolution or trial. Preliminary Hearing - correct answer ✔✔Determination of whether there is PC to believe the accuses committed the offence Grand Jury - correct answer ✔✔Panel of citizens that hears evidence and decides if there is PC that an offense has been committed. Describe how the juvenile system and the adult system differ - correct answer ✔✔-Referral to juvenile court -Behavior or conduct (like truancy) -Juvenile courts usually turn into alternative programs -Juveniles courts determine to retain jurisdiction and adjudicate the case

• Juvenile courts may retain jurisdiction and formally process the case -Don't have jury trials
• Juvenile is subject to a disposition
• Aftercare Describe the role of police in the Reentry and Reintegration processes - correct answer ✔✔To help offenders gain employment, discourage criminal activity, build family connections, help reduce recidivism, help increase successful reentry. Explain the importance of the police-community relationship as it relates to officer safety - correct answer ✔✔

Define the three pillars of community policing. - correct answer ✔✔Community Partnerships, Problem Solving using the SARA Model, and Organizational Transformation Community Partnerships - correct answer ✔✔A collaborative partnership that stresses increased interaction between the police and the public to make the police more responsive to the community's needs and reduce community decay and disorder. Problem Solving using the SARA Model - correct answer ✔✔Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment Organizational Transformation - correct answer ✔✔The alignment of organizational management, structure, personnel, and information systems to support community partnerships and proactive problem solving Define the individual components of the SARA model. - correct answer ✔✔ S - correct answer ✔✔Identify and describe the problem A - correct answer ✔✔Identify conditions that precede and accompany the problem while narrowing the scope of information as specifically as possible. R - correct answer ✔✔Describe potential responses r interventions, research solutions to similar problems or from other agencies, outline a specific response plan and carry put that plan. A - correct answer ✔✔Examine if how the plan was carried out and use data to determine if the objectives were met. Reform strategies and conduct ongoing assessment as needed. Apply the SARA model to a community crime or quality of life issue - correct answer ✔✔ .Describe the common roles of police in today's diverse society - correct answer ✔✔ List the benefits of maintaining strong community police relationships - correct answer ✔✔

Describe characteristics of elderly community members and how those conditions might impact interactions with law enforcement - correct answer ✔✔Hearing, vision, mobility, etc Describe the responsibilities of a law enforcement officer relative to the collection of data for the Illinois Racial Profiling Prevention and Data Oversight Act - correct answer ✔✔ explicit bias - correct answer ✔✔attitudes or beliefs that one endorses at a conscious level explicit racism - correct answer ✔✔Belief that your racial group is superior to others Discrimination - correct answer ✔✔Action or behavior that results in unequal treatment stereotyping - correct answer ✔✔false belief that all people with a particular characteristic are the same implicit bias - correct answer ✔✔unconscious beliefs, attitudes or stereotypes about people or groups prejudice - correct answer ✔✔an adverse opinion formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge Connect theories of crime to policing - correct answer ✔✔ Explain strategies for recognizing and negotiations one's personal assumptions, biases, and stereotypes - correct answer ✔✔Help to explain, predict, and prevent crime Provide general principles that will apply to similar cases to see how factors influence crime Describe theories of crime and differences between them. - correct answer ✔✔ Deterrence Theory - correct answer ✔✔Criminal behavior is affected by the costs of crime

Rational Choice Theory - correct answer ✔✔Conduct a person decides to make thinking that it would be more rewarding and less costly for them than normal behavior Classical School Theory - correct answer ✔✔Individuals have free will to choose whether or not to commit rimes and that criminals should have rights in the CJ system Routine Activity Theory - correct answer ✔✔motivated offender, suitable target, lack of capable guardian Rational Choice Theory - correct answer ✔✔Voluntarily, willfully choose to commit criminal acts such as burg, theft, assault Hard Determinism - correct answer ✔✔the theory that human behavior and actions are wholly determined by external factors, and therefore humans do not have genuine free will or ethical accountability Soft Determinism - correct answer ✔✔The theory that human behavior and actions are wholly determined by causal events, but human free will does exist when defined as the capacity to act according to one's nature (which is shaped by external factors such as heredity, society and upbringing). Freudian Concepts - correct answer ✔✔The psychoanalytic view of human nature is basically deterministic and focuses on biological and instinctual drives. Personality is divided into the Id, Ego, and Superego. The key to understanding human nature is understanding the unconscious. Healthy personality development is based on successful resolution of psychosexual issues at the appropriate age. Fixation is the inadequate resolution of any stage and leads to problems in adulthood. Goal is restructuring the personality rather than solving immediate problems.

Help the client work through a developmental stage that was not resolved or where the client became fixated. differential association theory - correct answer ✔✔a theory that states individuals learn deviant behavior from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance Social Learning Theory - correct answer ✔✔Idea that people learn by watching others social control theory - correct answer ✔✔proposes that exploiting the process of socialization and social learning builds self-control and reduces the inclination to indulge in behavior recognized as antisocial. Neutralization Theory - correct answer ✔✔The concept that most people commit some type of criminal act in their lives and that many people are prevented from doing so again because of a sense of guilt, but criminals neutralize feelings of guilt through rationalization, denial, or an appeal to higher loyalties. differential association theory - correct answer ✔✔theory that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior labeling theory - correct answer ✔✔self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them Part 1 Index Crimes - correct answer ✔✔violent crimes: homicide, assault, forcible rape and robbery property crimes: larceny/theft, burglary, motor vehicle theft and arson Part II Offenses - correct answer ✔✔A UCR/NIBRS offense group used to report arrests for less serious offenses. Agencies are limited to reporting only arrest information for Part II offenses, with the exception of simple assault. (forgery, fraud, embezzlement, vandalism, sex offenses, drugs, gambling, stolen property, etc) Recognize circumstances that come within the criminal jurisdiction of the state (720 ILCS 5/1-5). - correct answer ✔✔ Identify requirements of place of trial under the criminal code (5/1-6) - correct answer ✔✔

Act (5/2-2) - correct answer ✔✔an external manifestation of one's will, something done voluntarily includes a failure or omission to take action Conduct 5/2-4 - correct answer ✔✔means an act or a series of acts, and the accompanying mental state. Dwelling 5/2-6 - correct answer ✔✔means a building or portion thereof, a tent, a vehicle, or other enclosed space which is used or intended for use as a human habitation, home or residence. Felony 5/2-7 - correct answer ✔✔An offense for which a sentence to death or to a term of imprisonment in a penitentiary for one year or more is provided Forcible Felony 5/2-8 - correct answer ✔✔means treason, first degree murder, second degree murder, predatory criminal sexual assault of a child, aggravated criminal sexual assault, criminal sexual assault, robbery, burglary, residential burglary, aggravated arson, aggravated kidnapping, kidnapping, aggravated battery resulting in great bodily harm or permanent disability Misdemeanor 5/2-11 - correct answer ✔✔means any offense for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment in other than a penitentiary for less than one year may be imposed. Offense 5/2-12 - correct answer ✔✔means a violation of any penal statute of this state Peace Officer 5/2-13 - correct answer ✔✔means any person who by virtue of his office or public employment is vested by law with a duty to maintain public order or to make arrests for offenses, whether that duty extends to all offenses or is limited to specific offenses. Penal institution 5/2-14 - correct answer ✔✔Means a penitentiary, state farm, reformatory, prison, jail, house of correction, or other institution for the incarceration or custody of persons under sentence for offenses or awaiting trial or sentence or offenses Petty Offense (730 ILCS 5/5-1-17) - correct answer ✔✔any offense for which a sentence to a fine only is provided.

Possession as a voluntary act 5/4-2 - correct answer ✔✔the offender knowingly procured or received the thing possessed, or was aware of his control thereof for a sufficient time to have been able to terminate his possession. Reasonable Belief 5/2-19 - correct answer ✔✔the person concerned, acting as a reasonable man, believes that the described facts exist. Voluntary Act 5/4-1 - correct answer ✔✔A material element of every offense is a voluntary act, which includes an omission to perform a duty which the law imposes on the offender and which he is physically capable of performing Burden of proof in a criminal conviction 5/3-1 - correct answer ✔✔Burden of proof is on the prosecution to prove defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt PC RS Preponderance of the evidence felony time and misdemeanor time - correct answer ✔✔3 years-felony 18 months-misdemeanor Procedure by which a private citizen may pursue prosecution - correct answer ✔✔The citizen may bring the case to the attention of the Attorney General's office, a federal law enforcement agency, or the citizen can file a civil lawsuit (small claims, etc) where the burden of proof is much lower. Identify the mental state ordinarily necessary for criminal responsibility - correct answer ✔✔ Intent 5/4-4 - correct answer ✔✔

Knowledge 5/4-5 - correct answer ✔✔ Recklessness 5/4-6 - correct answer ✔✔ Negligence 5/4-7 - correct answer ✔✔ Absolute Liability 5/4-9 - correct answer ✔✔ Recognize circumstances when accountability comes into effect - correct answer ✔✔ Ignorance or Mistake 5/4-8 - correct answer ✔✔ Infancy 5/6-1 - correct answer ✔✔ Insanity 5/6-1 - correct answer ✔✔ Intoxicated or Drugged Condition 5/6-3 - correct answer ✔✔ Compulsion 5/7-11 - correct answer ✔✔ Entrapment 5/7-12 - correct answer ✔✔ Necessity 5/7-13 - correct answer ✔✔ Inchoate Offenses - correct answer ✔✔Conduct deemed criminal without actual harm being done, provided that the harm that would have occurred is one the law tries to prevent. Solicitation 5/8-1(a) - correct answer ✔✔

Solicitation of murder 5/8-1(b) - correct answer ✔✔ Solicitation of Murder for Hire 5/8-1.2 - correct answer ✔✔ conspiracy 5/8-2 - correct answer ✔✔ Attempt 5/8-4 - correct answer ✔✔