ACS Biochemistry Final Exam 2025: 200 Questions with Detailed Verified Answers, Exams of Chemistry

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ACS BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM 202 5 LATEST 200 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ What makes up starch? - CORRECT ANSWER

amylose amlyopectin What is a glycosidic bond? - CORRECT ANSWER links two monosaccharides together at points 1 and 4 What is the difference between an alpha(1-4) and beta(1-4) linkage? - CORRECT ANSWER

alpha: when the oxygen is pointed down in a glycosidic bond beta: when the oxygen is pointed up in a glycosidic bond What is the definition of a carbohydrate? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>all have hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups Difference between aldose and ketose - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>aldose has an aldohyde ketose has a ketone

What are triglycerides composed of? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>glycerol and three fatty acids What is saponification? - CORRECT ANSWER

base hydrolysis of a triglyceride or other fat strong base is added breaks ester linkages to release hydroxyls and form glycerol What has a higher level of unsaturation -- oils

or fats? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>oils liquid at room temperature What is the structure of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER

hydrophylic head hydrophobic fatty acid tails proteins span the phospholipid bilayer Why type of amino acid is present in the plasma membrane among the fatty acid tails?

• CORRECT ANSWER

hydrophobic/nonpolar

molecules are two large to go through on their own What is active transport? - CORRECT ANSWER

energy is required moves from low to high concentration How many carbon atoms do most fatty acids have? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>even number What bond holds nucleotides together? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>phosphodiester bond

What base pairing exists in nucleic acids? How many hydrogen bonds between them? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>G--C (3 hydrogen bonds) A--T (2 hydrogen bonds) What is the first amino acid always placed in a protein? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>methionine (Met) start codon What 3 things make up a nucleotide

1 0 RNA has uracil DNA has thiamine RNA has ribose DNA has deoxyribose What part of the structure makes DNA such a stable molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>very polar sugar phosphate backbound the bases are stacked in the interior that are nonpolar hydrogen bonds holding the two strands togethr

1 1 What does a ligase enzyme do? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>catalyze a reaction in which a bond is broken What does an isomerase enzyme do? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>catalyze intramolecular rearrangements What does a lyase enzyme do? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>catalyze removal of groups to form double bonds What does a hydrolase enzyme do? - CORRECT

1 3 Describe the 4 levels of protein structure? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>primary: sequence of amino acids secondary: hydrogen bonding between alphahelices and beta-pleated sheets tertiary: 3D folding quaternary: 2 polypeptides coming together What bond holds amino acids together? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>peptide bonds (type of amine bond)

What is an allosteric enzyme? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>there are two bonding sites (active site and another) What do enzymes do? - CORRECT ANSWER

catalyze a reaction What enzyme forms a bond between four molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>ligase How do enzymes work? - CORRECT ANSWER lower the activation energy to catalyze the reaction

What is oxidation and reduction? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>reduction: add hydrogen to result in a higher chemical potential oxidation: When you have a hydrolysis of bonds in food, what does that do? - CORRECT ANSWER

releases energy What reaction breaks bonds within cells? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>hydrolysis

When a reaction breaks bonds within cells, does this reaction require or release energy? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>releases energy How does the reaction that breaks bonds within cells relate to delta G? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>energy is used to build the bonds the delta G becomes negative when energy is released What factors affect enzyme activity? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>pH heat

What is the purpose of glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>anaerobic oxidation of glucose to give pyruvate What are the products of glycolysis? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>pyruvate ATP NADH H H What is the purpose of the citric acid cycle? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>(also called Krebb's cycle)

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>getting rid of ammonia in cells What process leads to the breakdown of fatty acids within the body? - CORRECT ANSWER

beta-oxidation What is the main buffer in the blood? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>bicarbonate carbonic acid Ketosis generally occurs under what