CSFA Exam #2 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

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CSFA Exam #2 Questions with 100%

Correct Answers | Verified | Latest

Update

Midabdominal transverse incision Used on the right or left for a retroperitoneal approach. This is standard incision for transverse colectomy or colostomy and choledochojejunostomy What is the Simplest Abdominal Incision to Perform and offers good exposure to any part of the abdominal cavity? vertical midline incision Surgical procedure where antrum is removed and jejunum is reattached (done for palliative care) Bilroth II What are the three causes of wounds? Surgical, traumatic and chronic fracture of femoral neck in which neck is impacted into the head; can be fixed with pins Garden type I fracture The Whipple procedure is called __________________________, and includes removal of what? pancreaticoduodenectomy removal of gallbladder, common bile duct, part of duodenum and head of pancreas

Surgical wounds are caused by what? Incision or excision non-displaced fracture of the femoral neck; can be treated with pins garden type II fracture Outpouching of ileum due to gestational development tissue, contains cells from pancreas and stomach. Symptoms are bleeding, obstruction, and tumors Meckel's Diverticulum Traumatic wounds are caused by what? Mechanical, thermal, or chemical destruction Angulated fracture of the femoral neck, but w/o sigificant translation of the rest of femur; treated with hemi-arthroplasty garden type III fx Bowel folds over itself or telescoping over itself. Most common in 3 yr old or younger intussusception Chronic wounds are caused by what? Underlying pathophysiologic condition fracture where main body of femur is completely broken away from head and shifts proximally; treated with hemi-arthroplasty garden type IV fracture

Ligament that forms at the tip of femoral head of acetabulum. Has a small artery in it. Supplies small portion of blood to the femoral head ligament teres Impaired circulation can be from what two things? Ischemia or stasis the spinal cords extends from where to where? Brain to L2 vertebra largest vessels that supply blood to leg and foot popliteal artery/vein The result of reduced blood supply caused by the narrowing or blockage of blood vessels which leads to poor circulation. Ischemia Joint on each side of the sacrum Sacroiliac Joint (SI) L5 connects to what? the top of sacrum Caused by immobilization for long periods or failure of the regulating valves in the veins which leads to blood pooling and failing to flow normally to the heart Stasis True ball and socket joint hip joint How many vertebrae are there? Where are they all located?

33 bones: 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal covers the end of femur and socket portion of acetabulum articular cartilage Seen mostly in cases of prolonged uncontrolled diabetes, where high blood sugars, derivative proteins and metabolites accumulate and damage the nervous system. Patient has loss of sensation in affected area. Neuropathy PMC Posterior-medial capsule External wounds can be one of what two things? Open or closed. The ACL prevents what from moving where? PREVENTS TIBIA FROM MOVING FORWARD WHAT DOES THE PCL PREVENT FROM MOVING WHERE? PREVENTS TIBIA FROM MOVING BACKWARD What are closed wounds? Skin is intact and underlying tissue is affected OPL oblique popliteal ligament Nerves of the Knee (provide sensation and muscle control) tibial nerve common peroneal nerve sciatic nerve tibial/peroneal=comes from back of knee to lower leg and foot

GRAFT THE IS THE STRONGEST FOR ACL REPAIR

MIDDLE THIRD OF PATELLAR TENDON (HAS BONE TAKEN FROM PATELLA ON ONE END AND TIBIA ON

OTHER END)

A common type of sports injury, where a direct blunt trauma can damage the small blood vessels and capillaries, muscle and underlying tissue, as well as the internal organs or bone. Contusions splits above the knee to form tibial and common peroneal nerve sciatic nerve These present as a painful bruise with reddish to bluish discoloration that spreads over the injured area of skin Contusions THE MEDIAN NERVE CONTROLS WHAT? PALM AND BASE OF THE THUMB; PROVIDES FEELING TO THUMB AND 2 1/2 FINGERS 3 layers of hip

1. bone/joint
2. ligaments of joint capsule
3. tendons and muscles Any injury that damages the small blood vessels and capillaries resulting in blood collecting and pooling in a limited space Hematomas

SWELLING THAT CAUSES PRESSURE ON THE MEDIAN NERVE

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROM

SYMPTOMS OF CARPEL TUNNEL SYNDROME

PAIN

NUMBNESS

TINGLING

WEAKNESS

femoral head articulates with what? acetabulum These typically present as a painful, spongy rubbery lump like lesion. They can be small or large, deep inside the body or just below the skin. Hematoma HERNIA THAT IS CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPS WHEN THE PERITONEAL SAC THROUGH WHICH THE TESTICLE DECENDS INTO THE SCROTUM, REMAINS PATENT INDIRECT sore that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine stomach ulcer These are usually caused by an external high-pressure force that squeezes part of the body between two surfaces Crush injury antrum removed and duodenum reattached bilroth I The degree of crush injury can range from a minor bruise to a complete destruction of the crushed area of the body depending on what?

The size, site, duration and power of the trauma CAUSE OF PARIETAL PERITONEUM PAIN IN THE ACUTE ABDOMEN PUS stripping away or cleaning off an anatomic structure skelatonization What are the major types of open wounds? Abrasions lacerations incisions punctures penetrating gunshot wounds MOST FREQUENTLY INJURED ORGAN IN ABDOMINAL TRAUMA LIVER WHAT FORM OF SHOCK COULD THE SURGEON ENCOUNTER INVOLVING MAJOR GASTROINTESTINAL BLOOD LOSS? HEMORRHAGIC Shallow irregular wounds of the upper skin layers, due to brushing against either a rough surface or a smooth surface at high-speed Abrasion exposure or dissection of an anatomical structure kocherization where two anatomical structures come together to form a fixation point reflection Wounds that usually present with minor to no bleeding, and some pain that subsides shortly after the initial injury Abrasions WHEN DOES HYPER ACUTE REJECTION IN THE TRANSPLANT PATIENT TAKE PLACE? MINUTES TO HOURS a fixation point for anatomical structures flexure

These wounds are tear like wounds with irregularly torn edges that are usually deeper than abrasions and cause more pain and bleeding Lacerations THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF INTRALUMINAL UPPER URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION CALCULUS ASYMPTOMATIC ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM SHOULD BE REPAIRED WHEN THE DIAMETER EXCEEDS WHAT VALUE? 5.5 CM large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, armpit, and the upper limb axillary artery These wounds are generally caused by trauma or contact with an object, as might result from hard blows, collisions or accidents Lacerations injury to the glenoid labrum fibrocartilaginous rim, around the margin of the glenoid cavity SLAP repair (superior labral tear from anterior to posterior) Wounds that are most likely the result of a surgical procedure or skin cut with a sharp object such as a scalpel or knife. Incisions WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON FORM OF SHOCK ENCOUNTERED BY THE SURGICAL TEAM? HYPOVOLEMIC what operation is done for habitual anterior shoulder dislocation and how is it performed? Bankart repair (joint capsule is sewn to detached glenoid labrum)

These wounds are mostly linear in shape with smooth, even edges Incisions INCOMPLETE OCCLUSION OF WHAT ARTERY CAUSES CHRONIC SMALL BOWEL ISCHEMIA? SUPERIOR MESENTERIC WHAT SHOULD THE SURGICAL ASSISTANT IMMEDIATELY ASSESS CONCERNING THE UNCONSCIOUS TRAUMA PATIENT? AIRWAY Depending on the depth and sight of the wound, an incision can be life-threatening and cause serious damage, especially if it involves what? Vital organs, major blood vessels or nerves Reverse Total Shoulder Socket and metal ball are switched metal ball is fixed to socket and plastic cup is fixed to upper end of humerus used when rotator cuff is severely damaged Extensor mechanism the mechanism formed by the quadriceps and patellofemoral joint responsible for causing extension of the lower leg at the knee joint contains patella, patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and quadriceps muscle Small rounded wounds that result from objects with thin pointed tips, such as needles, nails or teeth. Punctures MOST COMMON PRIMARY CNS TUMOR THAT INFILTRATES THE BRAIN EARLY ON GLIOMA right side axillary artery arises from

innominate artery In a puncture wound, the size, depth, bleeding and pain are directly related to what? The size and force of the causative object Cushing's syndrome a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol WHAT IS REMOVED WHEN PERFORMING A PANCREATODUODENECTOMY? (WHIPPLE) REMOVAL OF THE HEAD OF THE PANCREAS, THE DUODENUM, AND A PORTION OF THE STOMACH, AS WELL AS GALLBLADDER AND A PORTION OF THE BILE DUCT This type of wound can be caused by any object or force that breaks through the skin to the underlying organs or tissue. Penetrating left side axillary artery arises from left subclavian artery acromioclavicular joint (AC joint) where clavicle meets acromion These wounds are considered to be penetrating wounds that are exclusively caused by bullets from firearms Gunshot wounds WHAT DOES INCARCERATION OF A PARAESOPHAGEAL HERNIA CAUSE? GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION sternoclavicular joint (SC joint) supports the connection of arms and shoulder to the main skeleton

Aside from the risk of hitting vital organs or major blood vessels what may cause serious damage in gunshot wounds? The spinning movement of the bullet IN PATIENTS WITH DEEP VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY, WHAT IS THE LEAST COMMON SYMPTOM ] What is the scapulothoracic joint? where scapula articulates with thoracic rib cage (false joint) simple interrupted suture advantages: easy to place possess greater tensile strength less potential to cause wound edema and impaired circulation disadvantages: leaves series of crosshatched linear scars resembling railroad tracks tend to cause wound inversion if not placed correctly when performing a coronary artery bypass graft procedure, what vessel is placed between the coronary artery and the ascending aorta? segmented saphenous vein What is the glenoid labrum? fibrocartilaginous rim around glenoid cavity helps with shoulder mobility biceps tendon attaches to glenoid through labrum

simple buried suture Deep to superficial, superficial to deep most frequent peripheral aneurysm POPLITEAL rotator cuff tendons supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis vertical mattress suture Advantage: -Best available suturing techniques to ensure wound eversion and minimize significant wound tension Disadvantage: -Time consuming -Improper technique causes wound inversion, uneven tension and increasing scarring -Also called far/far, near/near MAJOR CAUSE OF CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS OCCLUSION

IN WHICH NODAL STAGE DOES TESTICULAR CANCER IN SITU BECOME EXTRALYMPHATIC

IV

horizontal mattress suture -may be used as a stay stitch to temporarily approximate wound edges advantages: -help minimize wound tension, close dead space, facilitate wound edge eversion disadvantages: -can cause strangulation of tissues leading to tissue hypoxia, necrosis and poor wound healing. What does the deltoid do? abducts arm what are the bones in the shoulder? humerus, scapula, clavicle, acromion figure-of-8 stitches sutures in which the thread follows the contours of the figure 8 COMMON SITE FOR PEPTIC ULCER FORMATION DUODENUM what are the joints in the shoulder?

sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, scapulothoracic half buried horizontal mattress Needle goes through skin and through sub Q (dermis on opposite side and then back through skin on first side. CONSEQUENCES OF POST-OP SPLENECTOMY INCREASE IN CIRCULATING PLATELET LEVELS TUMOR THAT ACCOUNTS FOR 10%OF CHILDHOOD RENAL OBSTRUCTIVE MALIGNANCIES WILMS simple running suture -relatively easy and quick to place -used for long wounds in which tension has been minimized with properly placed deep sutures -useful in securing a skin graft -less chances of scarring when compared to interrupted What is the glenohumeral joint? ball of humerus articulating with the glenoid femoral artery The principal artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery. It supplies blood to the lower abdominal wall, external genitalia, and legs. It can be palpated in the groin area. Running subcuticular suture

-used to enhance cosmetic result -useful for closing wounds with equal tissue thickness in which virtually no tension exists SURGICAL REPAIR OF WHAT AORTIC ANEURYSM REQUIRES USE OF CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS TO SUSTAIN BODY PERFUSION? ASCENDING What is a bursa? thin sack of tissue containing fluid to lubricate the area and reduce friction. when would you use a square knot? Use when its a monofilament suture because of risk of unraveling. Pull suture in direction of wound rather than at right angles SURGICAL PROCEDURES PERFORMED FOR CANCER OF THE LEFT COLON LEFT HEMICOLECTOMY What is the knee joint? tibiofemoral joint (where femur and tibia meet) good suturing technique should do what? -eliminate dead space in sub Q -minimize tension that causes wound separation -involve correct wound placement with respect to relaxed tension lines FORM OF BREAST CANCER THAT IS HIGHLY AGGRESSIVE AND PRESENTS WITH A TENDER, INFLAMED, ERYTHEMATOUS, PAINFUL BREAST WHICH CAN BE MISTAKEN FOR A BREAST ABSCESS INFLAMMATORY WHEN TREATING BURN PATIENTS, WHAT SHOULD what factors can influence the outcome of wound closure?

-systemic disease -selection of suture material -surgical technique (depending on force and direction of tensions on wound, thickness of tissues and anatomic considerations) Crohn's disease a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon segmental resections can be done intermittently Tendons connect muscle to bone Fractures that run between the maxillary and orbital floors and may involve the medial and lateral walls of the maxillary sinuses and pterygoid processes of the sphenoid Le Fort I Ligaments connect bone to bone Fractures that run through the Nasofrontal buttress and medial wall of the orbit, across the infraorbital rim and through the zygomatic maxillary articulation Le Fort II Toupet fundoplication A surgical procedure to correct symptoms of heartburn and acid reflux. Referred to as a posterior fundoplication as it involves the wrapping of your stomach around the back of your esophagus

Fractures that involve the zygomatic, maxillary, and extend through the ethmoid bone and bony orbit Le Fort III Zenker's diverticulum Upper GI diverticulum usually diagnosed by a barium swallow COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH OPEN FRACTURES WOUND INFECTION, CHRONIC OSTEITIS, NON-UNION iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius flexor muscles (pull hip forward) FRACTURES THAT ARISE WHEN ANGULATORY FORCES ARE APPLIED TO THE LIMB TRANSVERSE FRACTURES

femoral nerve innervates quadriceps and skin of anterior thigh and medial surface of leg DEFORMITY AND MALUNION OF THE DISTAL RADIUS IMPAIRS THE FUNCTION OF RC JOINT ENTIRE AXIS OF THE ELBOW sciatic nerve nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot Symptoms of an ACL injury SWELLING KNEE GIVING WAY obturator nerve innervates adductor muscles DEGERNATIVE DISEASE THAT TYPICALLY BEGINS IN MIDDLE AGE AND SLOWLY PROGRESSES OSTEOARTHRITIS POST TRAUMATIC ARTHRITIS OCCURS AFTER AN INJURY TO THE FOOT OR ANKLE what runs along the hip to tibia and when tight, one has hip and knee problems? iliotibial band what is innervation? supply of nerves to tissue, structures, or organs CRITICAL LIMB ISCHEMIA CAN BE DEFINED AS A LIMB IN WHICH THE ANKLE SYSTOLIC PRESSURE IS LESS THAN WHAT?

50 MM HG

the tenth cranial nerve that innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas vagus nerve MANAGEMENT OF ACL TEAR INITIAL TREATMENT ASPIRATION OF THE KNEE CONFIRMATION BY ARTHROSCOPY pulmonary artery artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs ANTERIOR DISLOCATION OF THE SHOULDER IS OFTEN DUE TO SPORTS INJURY Aorta Largest artery in the body A CENTRAL DISLOCATION IS REALLY A FRACTURE OF THE FLOOR OF THE ACETABULUM ONE SITE OF DISRUPTION OF THE ACL IS FEMORAL INSERTION pulmonary valve

valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery has 3 cusps/flaps tunica intima the innermost layer of a blood vessel MORE COMPLEX DEPRESSION FRACTURES OF THE TIBIAL PLATEAU REQUIRE ELEVATION OF THE PLATEAU AND STABILIZATION BY BUTTRESS PLATE ON THE TIBIA tunica media The middle and thickest layer of tissue of a blood vessel wall, composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells that allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to changes in blood pressure and tissue demand. PROGRESSIVE CONTRACTURE OF THE PALMAR FASCIA DUPUYTREN'S DISEASE thin bands of fibrous tissue that attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting chordae tendinae A UNICOMPARTMENTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT REQUIRES REPLACING BOTH THE FEMORAL AND TIBIAL SIDES OF ONLY ONE HALF OF THE JOINT tricuspid valve valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle 3 cusps/flaps

FRAGMENTS OF MENISCUS CAN CAUSE

LOOSE BODIES TO FLOAT AROUND THE KNEE

Outermost tunic-connective tissue-attaches artery to surrounding tissues, contains vaso vasorum which provide nourishment to arterial wall tunica adventitia FRACTURES OF THE FIRST METACARPAL ARE USUALLY THE SIGN OF PUNCHING INJURY HIGH FRACTURES OF THE FEMORAL NECK ARE STABILIZED BY SCREW FIXATION common carotid artery Artery that supplies blood to the face, head, and neck. cubital tunnel syndrome a condition that involves pressure or stretching of the ulnar nerve (also known as the "funny bone" nerve), which can cause numbness or tingling in the ring and small fingers, pain in the forearm, and/or weakness in the hand. A TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT INVOLVES REPLACEMENT OF THE ______________AND ___________________ PARTS OF THE JOINT ACETABULAR AND FEMORAL internal carotid artery

Supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear. CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME IS PRESSURE ON PERIPHERAL NERVE IN ITS FIBRO-OSSEOUS TUNNEL double layered membrane that separates the heart from the lungs and chest wall pericardium A CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS INTRA-ARTICULAR STEROIDS mitral valve A valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle; prevents the blood in the ventricle from returning to the atrium. Alternative name is bicuspid valve. BENIGN GROWTHS IN THE EAR CANAL SURFER'S EAR Myocardium heart muscle (three times thicker on left side, which pumps blood to the body) The two sides of the heart are separated by ______. septum IN A SURFER'S EAR SURGERY, WHAT IS A MICRO DRILL USED FOR? REMOVE BONE AND TO BETTER SHAPE THE EAR CANAL.

endocardium inner lining of the heart (smooth) THE BODY HAS HOW MANY NEW CELLS EACH DAY? 100 BILLION pulmonary veins carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart PHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA ONE OF THE MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES THE STAPES SEPARATES THE MIDDLE EAR FROM THE EXTERNAL EAR CANAL aortic valve heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta (3 cusps/flaps) Pseudoaneurysm collection of blood that forms between the two outer layers of an artery, the tunica media and the tunica adventitia IN THE ANTERIOR GROUP, THE ETHMOIDS DRAIN: TO THE MIDDLE MEATUS true aneurysm

weakening of all 3 layers in the vessel acoustic neuroma UNILATERAL TINNITUS AND HEARING LOSS vagotomy surgical incision of the vagus nerve MOST MALIGNANCIES OF THE ORAL CAVITY ARE: SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (PROGNOSIS IS WORSE THE FURTHER BACK IN THE MOUTH IT IS SEPTAL DEVIATION MAY RESULT FROM DIFFERENTIAL NASAL GROWTH OR FROM TRAUMA Graham patch placement of omentum with stitches over a gastric or duodenal perforation Cellan Jones patch omental pedicle flap Selective vagotomy Procedure which transects nerves supplying stomach secretions

antrectomy excision of the antrum (of the stomach) structure that provides blood supply to the small intestine mesentery membrane common site for colon cancer development rectosigmoid treatment for cancer on the head of the pancreas whipple Where is a Meckel's diverticulum located? Anterior Mesenteric Border of the Ileum It can be up to 5CM LONG and 2 cm in DIAMETER. distal to hepatic flexure, the colon becomes what? the transverse colon