CSRC SPUTUM BOWL PRACTICE QUESTIONS EXAM 2024- 2025, Exams of Nursing

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CSRC SPUTUM BOWL PRACTICE

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Pharmacology What medication has been proven useful in treating Torsades de Pointes? Answer: magnesium sulfate Egan VI, p - 619 Anatomy & Physiology In cardiac physiology, what is stroke volume? Answer: the volume of blood ejected from a ventricle by a single heart beat. Wilkins V, p - 292 Pharmacology What is the mechanism of action by which acetylcysteine reduces the viscosity of mucus? Answer: breaking the disulfide bonds between cross-linked mucus strands Rau, p - 211 Acute Care Which is the most commonly cannulated artery for arterial line placement? Answer: the radial artery Dantzker, p - 215 Mechanical Ventilation Airway resistance during mechanical ventilation is estimated by the difference between the peak airway pressure and plateau pressure divided by what?

Answer: the inspiratory flow rate Egan VIII, p - 974 Anatomy & Physiology What are the two most significant organic phosphates involved in respiration? Answer: 1 - ATP ( adenosine triphosphate ) 2 - 2,3 DPG ( Diphosphoglycerate ) Egan VI, p - 281 Diagnostics What is the primary difference in the Forced Vital Capacity curve between obstructive and restrictive disease? Answer: The slope of the expiratory curve Egan VI, p - 426 Anatomy & Physiology Tissue resistance accounts for what percentage of the total resistance to lung inflation? Answer: 20% Egan VI, p - 247 Anatomy & Physiology Which seven bones articulate with the manubrium? Answer: 1 - 1st ribs right & left 2 - 2nd ribs right & left 3 - clavicles, right & left 4 - gladiolus ( body of the sternum ) Egan VIII, p - 156 Neonates & Pediatrics Anatomical closure of the ductus arteriosus occurs through fibrosis, normally how long after birth? Answer: Three weeks Egan VIII, p - 998 Airwaycare The Jackson tracheostomy tube has two less features than the standard tracheostomy tube used in critical care; what are these? Answer: 1 - no cuff 2 - no 15mm adapter Egan VIII, p - 667

Anatomy & Physiology Name the four heart valves? Answer: 1 - Tricuspid 2 - Pulmonic 3 - Mitral 4 - Aortic

Egan VII, p - 176 Pathology What bacteria type is associated with "rusty" colored sputum? Answer: pneumococci Wilkins V, p - 25 Anatomy & Physiology The respiratory system's epithelium develops from which embryonic germ layer? Answer: the endorderm Egan VIII, p - 140 Acute Care At what point in the breathing cycle should you assess jugular venous distension? Answer: at end-expiration Egan VII, Pp - 306 Anatomy & Physiology What is the PIO2 at 1 760 mmHg & uncorrected for PH2O? Answer: 159 mmHg Egan VI, p - 264 Pathology The Sleep Continuity Theory predicts what? Answer: increase in sleep interruption, increase daytime sleepiness. Wilkins V, p - 369 Anatomy & Physiology At what week of gestation do the lobar bronchi form? Answer: the 5th week Egan VIII, p - 141 Anatomy & Physiology What is the normal diameter of a bronchiole?

Answer: 1 - 2 mm's Egan VI, p - 203 Diagnostics What are the volumes that comprise the Functional Residual Capacity? Answer: 1 - Expiratory Reserve Volume 2 - Residual VolumeEgan VIII, p - 375 History Who first suggested there should be a temperature at which all molecular activity ceases and the associated gas volume is zero? Answer: William Thomson ( Lord Kelvin ) Mosby RCE, p - 14 Neonates & Pediatrics The patient's age, breathing pattern and time constant of the lungs are all considered when selecting what parameter for the mechanical ventilation of children? Answer: Inspiratory time Egan VII, p - 1020 Pathology Wheezing can be classified as monophonic or polyphonic. Polyphonic wheezing is much more common during what phase of ventilation? Answer: Exhalation Egan VII, p - 314 Pharmacology The sympathetic nervous system has the fight or flight response. The parasympathetic system has the SLUD. What does acronym S.L.U.D. stand for? Answer: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination and Defecation Rau, p - 100 Acute Care What is the most commonly used monitor of hemodynamic status? Answer: the arterial blood pressure Dantzker, p - 215 Acute Care How does the respiratory rate perform in terms of sensitivity and specificity as an indicator of respiratory pathology. Answer: it is Sensitive, but not Specific for the presence of respiratory pathology Dantzker, p - 243

Anatomy & Physiology What structure develops from the dorsal extension of the primitive foregut, in human morphogenesis? Answer: the esophagus Egan VIII, p - 141 Airwaycare What are the three of the most common causes of tube obstruction? Answer: 1 - kinking / biting the tube 2 - cuff herniation 3 - Jamming of the tube orifice against the tracheal wall 4 - mucus plugging

Egan VII, p - 611 Anatomy & Physiology How is the Cardiac Index calculated? Answer: Cardiac Output divided by Body Surface Area. Wilkins V, p - 293 Mechanical Ventilation What are the four phase variables in mechanical ventilation classification? Answer: 1 - Trigger 2 - Limit 3 - Cycle 4 - Baseline

Egan VIII, p - 930 History What year did the American Thoracic Society adopt standards for diagnostic spirometers? Answer: 1978 Egan VI, p - 411 History Who is credited for describing the concept of transtracheal oxygen therapy? Answer: Dr. Heimlich Mosby RCE, p - 69 Pharmacology What is the duration of action for salmeterol?

Answer: 12 hours Egan VIII, p - 631 Humidity & Aerosol What technique provides the most reliable measure of aerosol output? Answer: Drug Assay ( weight output ) Egan VIII, p - 762 Acute Care What are the two common dyshemoglobins measured by cooximetry? Answer: 1 - Carboxyhemoglobin 2 - MetHemoglobin

Wilkins, V, p - 281 Pathology When assessing jugular venous distension at a 45 degree angle of bed elevation, what threshold is considered abnormal? Answer: greater than 3 - 4 cm Wilkins V, p - 66 CardioPulmonary Rehab According to the ATS, what are the two specific objectives of pulmonary rehabilitation? Answer: 1 - To control and alleviate symptoms and complications of respiratory impairment 2 - To teach patients how to achieve optimal capacity for activities of daily living

Egan VII, p - 1226 Gas Therapy What is the weight of CO2 in a full D cylinder at 21 degrees Celsius and 14.7 psig? Answer: 4 lbs McPherson, p - 26 Airwaycare Of what material are Jackson tracheostomy tubes made? Answer: Silver Egan VIII, p - 667 Pathology Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a hereditary disorder associated with what lung disease? Answer: Emphysema Egan VII, p - 473

Pharmacology How does beta2 adrenergic stimulation effect vascular smooth muscle? Answer: causes vasodilation Rau, p - 143 Diagnostics The ATS publishes standards for the performance of diagnostic spirometers. What is the "ATS"? Answer: the American Thoracic Society Egan VII, 394 Anatomy & Physiology How much anatomic deadspace would a normal 150 pound man have? Answer: 150 mL Egan VII, p - 258 Diagnostics What is the most common way to measure basal energy expenditure? Answer: Indirect Calorimetry Wilkins V, p - 346 Pathology What is the source of the sound energy for wheezes? Answer: Vibration of the wall of a narrowed or compressed airway. Wilkins V, p - 79 Anatomy & Physiology What are the normal PO2 and PCO2 in the fetal umbilical artery? Answer: PO2 - 19 ( 17 - 21 ) PCO2 - 47 ( 42 - 52 ) Egan V, p - 157 Diagnostics How is the reciprocal of airways resistance expressed in pulmonary function testing? Answer: Airway conductance ( Gaw) Dantzker, p - 328 Anatomy & Physiology The base of the tongue is attached to the epiglottis by three folds forming a space which is a key landmark in oral intubation. What is this space called? Answer: the Vallecula Egan VII, p - 200

Anatomy & Physiology Clara cells, brush cells and Kulchinsky's cells develop within what stage of the Fetal period? Answer: the Pseudoglandular Egan VIII, p - 141 Anatomy & Physiology Which abdominal muscle decreases the transverse diameter of the rib cage during contraction? Answer: the External Oblique Egan VII, p - 189 Neonates & Pediatrics Because of their high metabolic rate, infants require more calories per kilogram than adults; approximately how much more? Answer: Twice as much as adults Egan VII, p - 1008 Pharmacology Define "Therapeutic Index". Answer: The ratio of the median lethal dose of a drug to its median effective dose ( LD50:ED50 ) Rau, p - 26 Airwaycare The ASTM is responsible for specifying the labeling, sizing and performance requirements for endotracheal tubes. What does the acronym ASTM stand for? Answer: American Society for Testing & Materials Egan VIII, p - 664 Management In legal terms, what is a tort? Answer: A civil wrong, other than a breach of contract. Egan VIII, p - 78 Pathology A bulbous soft tissue swelling of the terminal phalanx and loss of cuticular angle is commonly referred to as what? Answer: Clubbing Egan VII, p - 348 Management Consultation with a Medical Director must be available on what time basis? Answer: 24 hours a day / 7 days a week Egan VIII, p - 5

Diagnostics What are the two major divisions of lymphocyctes called? Answer: T cells B cells Dantzker, p - 339 Gas Therapy What is the Pin Index Safety System pin ID's used for Oxygen? Answer: 2 and 5 Mcpherson, p - 31 Anatomy & Physiology What is the range of the normal concentration of serum sodium? Answer: 137 - 147 mEq / L Egan VII, p - 333 Chemistry & Physics Nitrogen and Oxygen comprise 99% of room air gas volume. There are eight other gases commonly listed as trace elements; name five of these. Answer: Argon Carbon Dioxide Helium Krypton Neon Nitrous Oxide Methane Xenon

Mosby, p - 28 Anatomy & Physiology At what approximate age does ossification of the ribs and sternum generally halt? Answer: 25 years old Egan VIII, p - 149 Pharmacology What is the generic name for the active agent in Accolate? Answer: Zafirlukast Egan VIII, p - 645 Microbiology What is the recommended sterilization technique for heat-stable critical equipment?

Answer: Autoclave Egan VII, p - 60 Pharmacology What is the duration of action for Ipratropium Bromide? Answer: 6 hours Rau, p - 174 Pathology If a patient has a pH of 7.25, a PaCO2 of 40 mmHg and a HCO3 of 16 mEq/L,, what acid-base disturbance is present? Answer: Acute metabolic acidosis Mosby, p - 312 Management What does acronym CQI stand for? Answer: Continuous Quality Improvement Egan VIII, p - 13 Gas Therapy For a jet entrainment system, if the O2 jet flow is 10 LPM and the O2 % is 40%, what is the total flow? Answer: 40LPM McPherson, p - 75 Pharmacology Approximately how many drops per mL? Answer: 16 Rau, p - 78 Acute Care Define cardiac output. Answer: The amount of blood ejected per minute by the heart. Dantzker, p - 216 Acute Care What is the normal range for mixed venous Oxygen saturation? Answer: 65 - 75% Dantzker, p - 237 Gas Therapy Within the lung, what cell type is first affected by oxygen toxicity? Answer: Pulmonary capillary endothelium Egan VII, p - 831

History The first English medical malpractice lawsuit was filed in the 14th century against what type of physician? Answer: a surgeon Dantzker, p - 1182 Neonates / Pediatrics What are the two main factors in the increased heat loss of infants compared to adults? Answer: Infants have: 1 - Less subcutaneous fat 2 - Larger surface area to weight ratio

Egan VIII, p - 1163 Airwaycare Artificial tracheal airways bypass three critical functions of the upper airway; list two of these. Answer: 1 - Heat the inhaled gas 2 - Filter the inhaled gas 3 - Humidify the inhaled gas

Egan VIII, p - 681 Pathology What disease produces a characteristic gray appearance of the sputum? Answer: Legionnaire's disease Wilkins IV, p - 29 Chemistry & Physics What is the most influential factor in evaporation? Answer: Temperature Egan VII, p - 88 Microbiology Alcohols, phenols, halogens, iodophores, quatenary ammonium compounds and acetic acid are disinfectants that provide Low and Intermediate level coverage. What are they not effective against? Answer: Spores and Non-lipid viruses Egan VI, p - 64 CardioPulmonary Rehab In exercise stress testing, what are the two accepted test end-points? Answer: 1 - exhaustion

2 - Symptom limitation

Dantzker, p - 932 Anatomy & Physiology What is the name of the branch of the vagus nerve whhich, on entry to the chest, curves back up to the larynx? Answer: the recurrent laryngeal nerve Egan VII, p - 153 Neonates / Pediatrics The Flip-Flop mechanism is a potential complication in newborn Oxygen therapy. What physiological mechanism is this attributed to? Answer: Reactive pulmonary vascoconstriction Egan VIII, p - 1165 Anatomy & Physiology Which two respiratory accessory muscle groups attach to the first rib? Answer: 1 - Scalenes 2 - Sternomastoids ( Sternocleidomastoids )

Egan VI, p - 188 Anatomy & Physiology What three structures are contained within the rib's costal groove? Answer: the Intercostal 1 - artery 2 - vein 3 - nerve

Egan VI, p - 183 Mechanical Ventilation What two factors summed equals Total PEEP? Answer: 1 - AutoPEEP ( intrinsic PEEP ) 2 - Set PEEP ( extrinsic PEEP )

Egan VIII, p - 976 Anatomy & Physiology What is eupnea?

Answer: Normal rate and depth of breathing ( normal breathing ) Wilkins V, p - 35 Microbiology What is the term for when people act as their own source of infection? Answer: Autogenous infection Egan VI, p - 60 Neonates / Pediatrics In classifying fetal heart rate decelerations, a decrease of 50 BPM would be what? Answer: Severe deceleration Egan VIII, p - 1157 Pathology What disease produces a characteristic gray appearance of the sputum? Anatomy & Physiology If a blood pressure cuff is too narrow, how will this affect the measurement? Answer: the values will be higher than actual Wilkins V, p - 60 Gas Therapy What is the air to oxygen mix ratio for 28% Oxygen? Answer: 10: McPherson, p - 74 Neonates & Pediatrics At what age is the adult number of alveoli developed? Answer: 8 - 10 years of age Egan VII, p - 995 Diagnostics What device quantifies flow by sensing thermal loss? Answer: a hot-wire anemometer Mosby RCE, p - 217 Physiology What is the range of normal transmural pressure in quiet breathing? Answer: -5 to -10 cmH2O Egan VI, p - 250 Diagnostics What test signal is used to demonstrate ATS spirometric performance for the MVV test?

Answer: a sine wave pump Egan VI, p - 412 Pathology What is kyphosis? Answer: A spinal deformity in which the spine has an abnormal antero-posterior curvature. Egan VII, p - 307 Anatomy & Physiology Excess fluids in the pleural space tend to pool within what satructures? Answer: the costophrenic angles Egan VII, p - 144 Gas Therapy What are the two functions of flowmeters? Answer: 1 - Control flow 2 - Indicate flow rate

McPherson, p - 58 Humidity & Aerosol Ultrasonic nebulizers utilize sound waves to break up particles. What actor dictates the aerosol output? Answer: the amplitude McPherson, p - 111 Anatomy & Physiology What muscle forms the inferior boundary of the thorax? Answer: the diaphragm Egan VIII, p - 152 Anatomy & Physiology What is the name for the shift of the venous & arterial hemoglobin saturation curves related to carbon dioxide and pH changes in the blood? Answer: the Bohr effect Egan VI, p - 277 Chemistry & Physics The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal. One Kilopascal is equal to how many centimeters of H2O pressure? Answer: 10 cmH2O Egan VII, p - 94 What is the difference between an antibiotic and an antimicrobial?

Antibiotics are naturally occurring compounds Antimicrobials include include both natural and synthetic compounds- both inhibit or kill microorganisms There are many devices to deliver to neonatal and pediatric patients. what specific contraindications to oxygen therapy exist in this population? No specific contraindications to delivering oxygen exist when indications are deemed to be present. You are asked to obtain a sputum specimen from a patient. After obtaining the sputum you note it is green in color and has a foul smelling odor. What infectious agent is most commonly the causative agent? Pseudomonas aeruginosa What significant pulmonary diseases affects lung mechanics, gas exchange, and the pulmonary vasculature of both lungs? ARDS Tensilon is used to confirm what disease? Myasthenia Gravis Avogadro's law states that equal volume volumes of a gas must contain the same number of what? molecules What types of receptors respond to some form of change in blood chemistry? chemoreceptors You find a victim in the water that just suffered a cardiac arrest from a result of drowning. what is the first thing you should do before doing chest compression's? move victim quickly to a firm surface the lymphatic system of the lungs include lymph nodes, tonsils and what gland? thymus Name a limitation to using a LMA Can not be used on a conscious or semicomatose patient, or with ventilating pressures greater than 20 mmHg what is an alternate name for fetal fecal matter that may become aspirated in the womb? meconium What year was the Bird Mark 7 introduced? 1957 what is the total volume of gas that moves in and out of the lungs in a minute called?

mechanical ventilation what type of lung cancer is consistent with very rapidly growing tumor that usually metastasizes to distant issue while the tumor is still small? small cell carcinoma what method has been proven to be a useful, cost effective, and safe method for diagnosing tuberculosis, pnuemocystis carinni pneumonia and lung cancer? sputum induction A patient with heart disease who has an S3 and an S4 is said to have what? a gallop rhythm what class of drugs have sympathomimetic action and mimic the action of epinephrine? catecholamines pneumococcal pneumonia is the most common bacterial pneumonia. what is the organism that causes this type of pneumonia? streptococcus pneumonia what organization provides CPG for endotracheal suctioning of mechanically ventilated adults and children with artificial airways? AARC Helium must always be mixed with what percent of oxygen? 20% a). I must start with a clenched fist; b). i cannot continue with my plans if its negative; c). i am ghostly at first, but then i blush; d). i must always be performed before i take an ABG Allen's test what term refers to a drug causing stimulation of a receptor for acetylcholine? Cholinergic there are two organ systems responsible for acid excretion; which is the major one? the lungs For what purpose is a lateral decubitis radiograph useful? Diagnosis for know or suspected fluid accumulation in the pleural space which is not easily seen in the PA projection What two layers make up the mucus blanket? gel and sol

"is there anything else that you would like to talk about?" what specific type of question is this? a closing question. not an open question what is airway hyperresponsiveness? An exaggerated bronchoconstrictor response to stimuli (bronchospasm) which ribs (pairs) are indirectly attached to the sternum? rip pairs 8,9 and 10 what is an inward movement of the lower lateral chest wall with each inspiration which indicates severe hyperinflation? Hoover's sign what is the second step when using an automated external defibrillator for adults and children 8 years of age and older? to attach the pads to the victims bare chest what is Van der Waal's forces mutual attractive forces exerted between atoms or molecules proximal to one another This airway device is a double-cannulated tube that has an opening in the posterior wall of the outer cannula above the cuff and may be used to assess spontaneous ventilator function? Fenestrated tracheostomy tube Egan divides respiratory failure into two types. Name them Hypoxemic respiratory failure and hypercapnic resp. failure what type of cells proliferate after type 1 alveolar cells are destroyed by O2 toxicity? Type II alveolar cells what atypical pneumonia is associated with endocarditis, meningoencephalitis, and Guillian-barre syndrome? Chlamydia pneumoniae What color will the cytoplasmic granules of a basophil stain? blue Infants who are an oxygen are to be monitored closely as the implentmantation too what disease affecting the eyes? retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) a modified form of cardiopulmonary bypass used to provide relatively long-term pulmonary or cardiopulmonary life support when maximum medical interventions have failed

ECMO

Which structures connect the left and right middle ears to the nasopharynx? Eustachian tubes where is the pneumotaxic center located? the upper pons During what type of drowning are the lungs usually normal and glottic spasms have prevented water from passing into the lungs? dry drowning Pentamidine is most commonly administered for the treatment or prevention of what infectious agent? pneumocystis carinii When does a laryngeal stenosis occur? when normal tissue of the larynx is replaced by scar tissue causing decreased mobility what are the contraindications of aerosols by inhalation? no contraindications except for the medicines being delivered what is a viral disorder of the upper airway that results in subglottic swelling, an obstruction, and a steeple sign on a lateral neck radiograph croup this is a systemic side effect that causes blurred vision from atropine mydriasis what does the P wave refelct in a normal ECG pattern? depolarization of the atria what do the initials HFV stand for? high frequency ventilation what is hematemesis? vomiting blood from the gastrointestinal tract what would you use to assess trends in alveolar ventilation, V/Q imbalances caused by cardiopulmonary disorders, esophageal intubation of an ET tube and to determine the amount of blood flow during cardiac arrest? a capnogram

whose law explains why the rate of oxygen transfer across the alveolar-capillary membrane decreases in conditions such as emphysema and pulmonary edema? Fick's law of diffusion the presence of what organism on a sputum smear or culture is almost never clinically significant? candida you are evaluating a new patient to the intensive care unit and not that the patient has a finger probe of a pulse oximeter attached to his ear. what does the AARC clinical practice guideline for pulse oximetry recommend for probe placement? the pulse oximeter probe should be attached only to the intended site Ausculation over the normal chest reveals three distinct types of sounds. name them Bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular what is the fused connection between the manubrium and the body known as? sternal angle/angle of louis what two gram positive bacilli produce endospores? clostidium and bacillus anthracis what is the gram positive organism that causes more than 80% of bacterial pneumonias? streptococcal pneumonia a nurse calls you concerning a patient you have not seen before. she states the patient needs a stat breathing treatment because his breathing has progressively become slow and shallow. He has also become increasingly lethargic. after reviewing the patients chart you note the patient has COPD and wears home oxygen at 2L/min via NC. when entering the room you notice he is on a 6L NC. what should you do? reduce the oxygen flowrate to 2 L/min or change to a high-flow oxygen delivery system what is used in hospitals to improve the allocation of respiratory care? Respiratory care protocols Tuberculosis, which is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis can sometimes mimic what other pathology? community-acquired pneumonia Which adventitious breath sound is high-pitched and usually occurs during the expiratory phase? Wheeze What term is used to describe the nonliving material which may transmit pathogenic organisms to a person who comes into contact with the object?

Fomite Name three methods that can be used to diagnose tuberculosis Chest x-ray, acid-fast stain, sputum culture, tuberculin skin test How do most clinicians recommend preoxygenating an infant less than one month old before suctioning in order to avoid the risk of hyperoxygenation and retinopathy? Raising the FiO2 by 10-15% for at least one minute before suctioning What is the flip-fop phenomenon? A larger than expected drop in PaO2 when the FiO2 is lowered The combination of a PEP valve and a flutter valve is called what? Acapella What is the name of the person who discovered that the velocity of a liquid/gas increases, the pressure decreases? Bernoulli Priniciple On a a pediatric patient that needs an ABG what test would be performed instead? Capillary blood gases When this disease was first identified in combat casualties of WWII, it was referred to as "shock lung syndrome" Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Name two of the three hazards of CPR Rib fracture, fat embolism, gastric distention Name the organization that has the mission to encourage & promote professional excellence, acdance the science & practice of respiratory care. AARC In the early 1950s, what was introduced and used in the treatment for asthma? Steroids Name this congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by a localized narrowing of the main vessel, which results in increased pressure proximal to the defect and decreased pressure distal to it. Coarctation of the aorta What was the name of the first professional association for the field of Respiratory Care? Inhalation Therapy Association (ITA)

In 1907, large-scale productions of commerically prepared oxygen was developed by this man. Karl' von Linde Name two of the five basic strategies for handling conflict within an organization. Competing, accommodating, avoiding, collaborating, and compromising What are the 3 categories that Tuberculosis (TB) is separated into? Primary TB, post-primary TB, and disseminated TB Polyphonic wheezing is typically heard in what three disease states? Asthma, bronchitis, CHF What is the first major organ to develop in a fetus? Heart What is considered to be the biggest factor associated with the development of Chronic Bronchitis? Cigarette smoking What is the term for the presence of blood in the pleural space? Hemothorax You are working the ER and the physician asks you if you have a copy of the GOLD standards. For which does disease does he need the guidelines for? COPD This reflex is responsible for maintaining large tidal volumes and periodic deep sighs during quiet breathing. Heads Paradoxical Reflex What breath sound can be heard with a patient with pleurisy? Pleural friction rub There are three classifications of High Frequency Ventilation. Name them. High-Frequency positive pressure ventilation, High-frequency jet ventilation, High-frequency oscillation In an infant with IRDS there is decreased pulmonary surfactant, Exogenous surfactant preparations can be administered. Name two currently available surfactant preparations for instillation. Beractant (survanta), Calfactant (Infasurf), Poractant alfa (Curosurf) In what year was (within 10) the use of aerosolized medications for the treatment of asthma introduced? 1910 (1900-1920)

What instrument measures the flow of electrical current by electromagnetic action? Galvanometer If your FEV1 is decreased, but your FEV1% is normal, what type of pulmonary disorder is present? Restrictive In assessing the patient's central nervous system function, what clinical assessment is the most important step? Level of consciousness Patients with artificial airways have a difficulty producing an effective cough because the artificial airway prevents the closure of what structure? Larynx A 32-week gestation infant is presented to the NICU with a suspected diaphragmatic hernia. The neonate is intubated and being mechanically ventilated. Besides oxygen therapy the therapist recommends that the patient be placed in the semi-fowler's position. Why should this be included as part of the therapeutic regimen? Reducing intrathoracic pressure and facilitation the downward position of the abdominal viscera. In a CF patient, alpha one anti-trypsin suppresses the activity of what? Neutrophil elastase When using a mechanical jet nebulizer to deliver a medication, about percentage of the particles are within the 0.5 to 3.0 micron size? 50% (45-55) What is used to determine the general direction of current flow during ventricular depolarization? Axis evaluation What do the initials PEP stand for? Positive expiratory pressure What is an abnormally high respiratory rate associated with exertion, arterial hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis and anxiety called? Tachypnea What cavity is formed by the rib cage, the vertebrae, sternum and the diaphragm? The thorax a.) I am classified as an antiviral agent b.) My brand name is Virazole c.) I am used in the treatment of Respiratory Synctial Virus. What am I? Ribavirin

What is the recommended adult dosage for Xopenex? 0.63mg/mL or 1.25mg/3mL TID This medication is used in the management of Cystic Fibrosis? Dornase alfa/ aka. Pulmozyme What type of nebulizer is commonly used at home and in the hospital for drug administration and has medication reservoirs less than 10 mL. Small volume nebulizer What is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States? Lung cancer What are two changes to the oxyhemoglobin curve that result from an increase in carboxyhemoglobin levels? (1) Shift to the left, (2) Change from sigmoid shape to a hyperbolic curve How does apnea of prematurity affect an infant's risk of SIDS? It doesn't What gram-negative bacillus is found singly, in pairs, and in chains of varying lengths? Klebsiella Respiratory protocol algorithms provide the essential foundation on a successful therapist driven protocol. Give two of the top four protocols utilized in hospitals today. (1) Oxygen Therapy Protocol (2) Bronchopulmonary Hygiene Therapy Protocol (3) Hyperinflation Therapy (4) Aerosolized Medication Therapy Protocol The term MET is used commonly to describe the level of work performed during what evaluation? An exercise evaluation What is the specific term used to describe physical activities designed to strengthen essential muscle groups and improve overall oxygen utilization? Reconditioning What disease is characterized by absence of inspiratory effort with no diaphragmatic movement? Central sleep apnea The Coanda Effect is primarly based on whos principle? Bernoullui's Principle What are the contraindications for an RCP to develop a discharge plan for a respiratory patient?

There are no contraindications. What's the difference between Capnometry and Capnography? Capnometry is the measurement of CO2 in respiratory gases. Capnography is the graphic display of CO2 levels as they change during breathing. Nebulized tobramycin is used to mange what kind of chronic respiratory tract infection? Pseudomonas aeruginosa What is the Phenomenon in which a newborn has a larger than expected drop in the Pao2 when the FiO2 is lowered? The flip-flop phenomenon When managing Asthma exacerbations, a delay in obtaining necessary care could happen if home management techniques are used prior to seeking urgent/emergent help. These techniques include using over-the-counter products such as antihistamines or cold remedies. Name two (2) other home management techniques. Drinking large volumes of water Breathing warm, moist air Ossification of the Ribs and sternum is normally complete by what age? 25 years old Listen closely: The physician orders a weight based dose of 0.05 mL/kg Racemic Epinephrine on a 22 lb child. What is the dose to be administered? 0.5 mL ( 22 lbs / 2.2 = 10 kg X 0.05 ) What is the color and viscosity of mucoid sputum? Clear and thick What is the main compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis? Hyperventilation Name the scale that is used for assessing the neurological function of patients who have been sedated, received anesthesia, or have suffered head trauma or near coma? Glasgow Coma scale Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic with activity against what type of bacteria and has no activity on what type of bacteria? It has activity on gram positive bacteria but not on gram negative bacteria. Name the devide that is pipe-shaped oscillatory PEP device through which the patient exhales to produce a PEP between 10 and 25 cmH2O. The angle that the device is held will determine the PEP. Flutter valve

What opening is the limiting factor determining the size of an endotracheal tube in the trachea and is the narrowest portion of the adult airway? Glottic opening formed by the vocal cords In 1550 BC the worlds oldest medical document is known as? Ebers Papyrus Tachycardia is a condition in which the pulse rate exceeds what level? 100 bpm According to Malley, what are two possible causes of hyperoxemia? Hyperventilation and excessive oxygen therapy What type of indicator is embedded in the distal end of the tube body of an ET tube? Radiopaque What is a flail chest the result of? Result of double fractures of at least three or more adjacent ribs, which causes the thoracic cage to become unstable Side effects of nitric oxide therapy include Development of methemoglobinemia or formation of nitric or nitrous acid What is the average distance from the teeth to the carina? 27cm Name the professional organization whose mission statement is to "encourage and promote professional excellence, advance the science and practice of respiratory care, and serve as an advocate for patients, their families, the public, the profession and the respiratory therapist." AARC What device can measure volumes accurately at flows between 3 and 300l/m Wright respirometer Name the three shunts in fetal circulation Ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus What are the two most common cyanotic heart diseases in children? Tetralogy of Fallot and Transposition of the Great Vessels This type of trach tube has a double cannulated tube that has an opening in the posterior wall of the outer cannula above the cuff