Download D027 Advanced Patho pharmacological Foundations Exam Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 D027 Advanced Patho pharmacological Foundations Exam Questions and Answers. Graded A+ What is Turner Syndrome? - ASNWER-Females with missing or deformed X chromosome, presenting with various symptoms like right hemisphere dysfunction, hearing loss, and language disorders What is Beta Thalassemia? - ASNWER-Condition with decreased or absent synthesis of beta-globin chains, resulting in low hemoglobin levels Which medication is contraindicated in Beta Thalassemia? - ASNWER-Ferrous Sulfate What drug is used to treat lymphoid tissue and advanced breast cancer? - ASNWER-Glucocorticoids; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERM) like Tamoxifen What is the normal Ejection Fraction? - ASNWER-55-60%; Less than 50% is considered poor How should Warfarin Therapy be Initiated? - ASNWER-Start with an initial dose at half strength and monitor effects. What organ is affected by Cystic Fibrosis? - ASNWER-Pancreas, causing secretions into the lungs What is Klinefelter Syndrome? - ASNWER-Extra X chromosome in males (e.g., XXY) leading to female-like qualities What condition results in the Destruction of Alveolar Walls and Hyperinflation? - ASNWER-Emphysema. 2 What causes Excessive Mucus Production and Smooth Muscle Hypertrophy? - ASNWER-Bronchitis. What is a Chronic Inflammatory Obstruction of Bronchi with Mucus Build-up? - ASNWER-Asthma; triggers lead to bronchial tube blockage. Is an Ejection Fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? - ASNWER-Preserved What are symptoms of Left-Sided Heart Failure? - ASNWER-PULMONARY symptoms: JVD, FVO, rails, S3 murmurs; Main cause of Right-Sided Heart Failure What are symptoms of Right-Sided Heart Failure? - ASNWER-Peripheral vascular symptoms: Lower extremity edema, abdominal distension What is the Gold Standard Lab Test for Heart Failure? - ASNWER-BNP levels greater than 100 indicate heart failure. Which Heart Disease is exacerbated by Exertion? - ASNWER-Ischemic Heart Disease worsens with increased demand requirements. What Assessment is Necessary before Administering Digoxin? - ASNWER-Assess the apical pulse. What leads to an Overbite and Buffalo Hump in Acromegaly? - ASNWER- Overproduction of growth hormone. What is the Cause of Addison's Disease? - ASNWER-Autoimmune destruction of 5 Symptoms of Hypothyroidism - ASNWER-Bradycardia, cold intolerance, lethargy, memory loss, dry skin, brittle dry hair, decreased appetite, weight gain, constipation, increased serum lipids, decreased libido, erectile dysfunction What if a Newborn has Hypothyroidism? - ASNWER-Requires replacement within a few days and lasts for 3 years to prevent mental development changes and dwarfism. What is Hashimoto's Disease? - ASNWER-Autoimmune cause of hypothyroidism. Symptoms include weight gain and fatigue. Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis) - ASNWER-Tachyarrhythmias, anxiety, insomnia, rapid flow/speech, feeling hot How to Treat Grave's Disease? - ASNWER-Remove or destroy thyroid tissue, suppress with drugs (methimazole or propylthiouracil), treat with Iodine-131. Beta blockers used to suppress release of thyroid hormones and reduce heart rate. What Causes Vasodilation, Bronchoconstriction, and Helps with Memory and Sleep? - ASNWER-Histamine-1 Side Effects of Antihistamines - ASNWER-Sedation (only H-1), dry mucus membranes, urinary hesitancy, constipation Which Medication is Given After an MI? - ASNWER-Beta blocker given for 6 months to prevent another MI What are the common side effects of Florinef? - ASNWER-Nausea, headache, sleep disturbances, and mood changes 6 What is the off-label use for Prazosin (Minipress), an alpha-1 blocker? - ASNWER- As a sleep aid for patients with PTSD Which medications are prescribed for treating Myasthenia Gravis? - ASNWER- Corticosteroids and cholinesterase inhibitors What are the side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors like Neostigmine? - ASNWER-Excessive salivation, urinary urgency, sweating, muscle spasms, and bradycardia What is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated hypertension? - ASNWER- Hydrochlorothiazide (a thiazide diuretic) What might cause Ataxia in a Pediatric Patient? - ASNWER-- Fragile X syndrome - Prader-Willi Syndrome by deletion of chromosome 15 from the father Combined are Contraindicated when Breastfeeding. - ASNWER-Oral contraceptives Which Antibiotic is Recommended for Treating UTI during Pregnancy? - ASNWER- One-time dose of Fosfomycin and Cephalexin. No Penicillins How to Treat Pediatric UTI with No Comorbidities? - ASNWER- Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra) Augmentin Cephalosporins 7 Which Parent Does Color Blindness Come From? - ASNWER-X-linked so mother. 50% chance of inheriting it. Gene OPN1MW on chromosome 23 is mutated causing color blindness. What is the Initial Treatment for Sickle Cell Crisis? - ASNWER-Hydration Parental Care of the Newborn with Sickle Cell Anemia: - ASNWER-- Infant will be anemic - Increased risk for infection - May have spleen or liver damage causing jaundice - May have crying episodes from pain and swelling of extremities - Hydrate, administer vaccines, antibiotics when necessary, folic acid administration, and regular eye exams Name an Adrenocortical Steroid indicated for primary and secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency in Addison's Disease and for the treatment of salt- losing Adrenogenital Syndrome - ASNWER-Fludrocortisone (Florinef) What are the side effects of Fludrocortisone? - ASNWER-Retention of sodium and water (edema), hypertension, cardiac enlargement, congestive heart failure, hypokalemia What is the off-label use for Prazosin (Minipress), an alpha 1 blocker? - ASNWER- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and as a sleep aid for patients diagnosed with PTSD Which medication is recommended for a diabetic with hypertension? - ASNWER- ACE Inhibitor 10 - Hypothyroidism Most common cause of hypothyroidism with TPO antibodies? - ASNWER- Hashimoto Thyroiditis Most common cause of hyperthyroidism with TSH receptor antibodies? - ASNWER-Graves Disease Where is the RET oncogene located and its significance in Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid (MTC)? - ASNWER-- Located on chromosome 10 - Found in all cells in hereditary MTC patients What antibiotics must be avoided in pregnancy? - ASNWER-SAFe Children Take Really Good Care: Sulfonamides (kernicterus), Aminoglycosides (ototoxicity), Fluoroquinolones (cartilage damage), Clarithromycin (embryotoxic), Tetracycline (teeth and bone damage), Ribavirin (teratogenic), Griseofulvin (teratogenic), Chloramphenicol (gray baby syndrome) Which Antibiotic is used to treat UTI in a pediatric patient with vomiting? - ASNWER-Cephalosporin IV What is the initial therapy for sickle cell crisis? - ASNWER-IV fluids, Hydration How does the small bowel tissue appear under a microscope in Crohn's disease? - ASNWER-Cobblestoning For a Japanese patient with hypertension on ACE inhibitor and stage 3 hypertension, what is the next suggested medication? - ASNWER-Amlodipine 11 Normal TSH levels range from: - ASNWER-0.4-4.0 What is the hallmark symptom of Multiple Sclerosis? - ASNWER-Demyelination of nerve fibers What is the primary cause of Peptic Ulcers? - ASNWER-H. pylori infection What is the main side effect of ACE Inhibitors? - ASNWER-Dry cough