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This study guide provides definitions and explanations of key architectural terms and concepts, covering ancient classical, gothic, and renaissance periods. It includes a comprehensive list of architectural elements, styles, and techniques, offering valuable insights into the evolution of architectural design. The guide is particularly useful for students studying art history, architecture, or related disciplines.
Typology: Exams
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Pediment (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-The triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns. Entablature (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A horizontal part in classical architecture that rests on the columns and consists of architrave, frieze, and cornice. Cornice (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A cornice is decorative trim located at the meeting point between walls and a roof or ceiling. Frieze (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a long and narrow sculptural band that runs along the middle of an entablature, used for decorative purposes Architrave (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a horizontal beam that rests directly on the top of a row of columns. Triglyph (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a projecting grooved element alternating with a metope on a Greek temple metope (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs column (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a vertical element, usually a rounded shaft with a capital and a base, which in most cases serves as a support capital (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-in-between the column and the structure it is holding up shaft (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-the main body of a column of pier between base and capital Base (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-bottom of column
Stylobate (ancient classical) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a square or circular block that is the lowest part of the base Nave (Gothic) - CORRECT ANSWERS-the central part of a church building, intended to accommodate most of the congregation side aisle (gothic) - CORRECT ANSWERS-smaller aisles to the side of the nave crossing (gothic) - CORRECT ANSWERS-The point where the chancel, nave, and transepts meet Ambulatory (gothic) - CORRECT ANSWERS-the covered passage around a cloister or the processional way around the east end of a cathedral or large church and behind the high altar. Apse (gothic) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall at the east end of a church. Transept (gothic) - CORRECT ANSWERS-The part of a church with an axis that crosses the nave at a right angle. Clerestory (gothic) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A row of windows in the upper part of a wall. triforium (gothic) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a set of windows or arcade above the arches of the nave, choir, and transepts of a church. Arcade (Gothic) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a series of arches carried by columns or piers, a passageway between arches and a solid wall, or a covered walkway that provides access Humanism (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements. "The new idea of self-reliance and civic virtue" Mannerism (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mannerism was an artistic style that emerged in the later years of the Renaissance, roughly from the early 16th century to the early 17th century - distorted proportions, elongated limbs, complex symbolism Drum (renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-the upright part of a building on which a dome is raised Rustication (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-type of decorative masonry achieved by cutting back the edges of stones to a plane surface while leaving the central portion of the face either rough or projecting markedly.
Palladian Window (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-three-part window composed of a large, arched central section flanked by two narrower, shorter sections having square tops Pilaster (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-shallow rectangular column that projects slightly beyond the wall into which it is built and conforms precisely to the order or style of the adjacent columns Savonarola Chair (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A folding italian renaissance X-shaped chair of interlacing curved slats and wooden back, carved or inlaid with certosina work Sgabello (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a type of chair or stool with carved and often elaborately ornamented wood legs and back. Sedia (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-high backs and were primarily rectangular Dantesca (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a folding X-shaped chair of Italian Renaissance style having heavy curved legs and arms and cloth or leather seat and back Cassapanca (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a chest combined with a bench. Cassone (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-large decorated chests made in Italy from the fourteenth to the sixteenth centuries Chateau (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-an impressive country house (or castle) in France. Chateau, Chambord, 1519-1547; Domenico da Cortona (pic) Long Gallery - CORRECT ANSWERS-A long, narrow room, often with a high ceiling. In Britain, long galleries were popular in Elizabethan and Jacobean houses Frailero (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-An armchair of the Renaissance, having a leather seat and a leather back stretched between plain wooden members and having a broad front stretcher Vargueno (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a decorative writing cabinet of a form originating in Spain, composed of a rectangular chest supported on legs or a decorative framework
Caquetoire (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A caquetoire, or conversation chair, supposedly designed for ladies to sit and gossip in, had a high, narrow back and curved arms Pietre dure (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Inlay technique which uses precisely cut and fitted, highly polished colored stones to create images Marquetry (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-inlaid work made from small pieces of variously colored wood or other materials, used chiefly for the decoration of furniture. Lozenge (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A type of rhombus - diamond shaped Fleur-de-lis - CORRECT ANSWERS-A three-petaled iris flower; the royal flower of France. Great Hall (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-The stately hall used for ceremonial occasions in medieval and Renaissance castles and manor houses Half-timber construction (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A method of construction in which the wooden frame and principal beams of a building are exposed, and the spaces between them are covered with plaster or masonry. Usually used in domestic architecture. Farthingale Chair (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A small, armless English chair with a wide seat and low back. Wainscot Chair (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-an armchair of the 17th century, made of oak and having a solid paneled back. Wattle and daub (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a framework of interwoven sticks and mud or clay used to build homes Tester - canopy (Renaissance) - CORRECT ANSWERS-usually of carved or cloth-draped wood, over a bed, tomb, pulpit, or throne Counter Reformation (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected) Mansard Roof (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-A steeply sloped roof covering the exterior wall of the top floor of a building,
named after the French architect Mansart and commonly associated with Second Empire style. Boiserie (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Interior wood paneling enriched by carving, gilding, painting, or inlay Enfilade (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a suite of rooms with doorways in line with each other Solomonic Columns (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS- A spirally fluted or shaped column, commonly believed to derive from Solomon's Temple. First in use in about 1300 in Italy Rococo Design (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Delicate, curvilinear, feminine, with great ornamentation. Extreme forms of architecture in baroque which was developed in France. Ormolu (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a cast brass, chiseled and gold-gilded decorative mountings for furniture Chinoiserie (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Extensive gilding and lacquering; much use of blue-and-white; asymmetrical forms; disruptions of orthodox perspective; and Oriental figures and motifs Marquetry (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-the art and craft of applying pieces of veneer to a structure to form decorative patterns, designs Boulle work (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-applied to form a marquetry, veneer of tortoiseshells and brass, sometimes with other materials Quoin (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Large stone or block laid at the corner of a building (or at an opening) used either for reinforcement of the angle or for ornament. Stringcourse (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS- Decorative horizontal band on the exterior wall of a building, ornamental but usually reflecting interior structure. Hipped roof (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-slopes upward from all sides of a structure, having no vertical ends Balustrade (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a row of small columns topped by a rail
Double Pile Plan (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS- typically two rooms deep with a central hall dividing the two rows. Fauteuil (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-(french baroque) style of open-arm chair with a primarily exposed wooden frame originating in France during the early 17th century Bergere (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-french upholstered armchair with curved back and relatively wide seat. space beneath the arm upholstered as well. Canape (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-elegant couch made out of elaborately carved wood with wooden legs, an upholstered back, armrests, and single long seat (instead of separate cushions) that typically seats three commode (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-type of furniture resembling the English chest of drawers William and Mary (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS- slender and tall chair Console Table (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS-a table supported by ornamental consoles Queen Anne Chair (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS- characterized by curved lines, splats and cabriole legs. The seat of this chair is usually upholstered and shaped like a horse shoe. It is also design with carved scrolls and shells at the crown and knees Chippendale Chair (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS- pointed arches, S-shaped curves, wooden lattice, use of dark woods like mahogany, silk upholstery, elaborate natural form ornamentation Windsor chair (Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Palladian) - CORRECT ANSWERS- wooden chair constructed using slender, turned spindles anchored into a solid, wooden seat