DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE FINAL EXAM 2024-2025, Exams of Nursing

Download DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE FINAL EXAM 2024-2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

DEFENSIVE DRIVING COURSE FINAL

EXAM 2024-2025 WITH ACTUAL

CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED

DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY

TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS

|ALREADY GRADED

A+|NEWEST|GUARANTEED PASS

|LATEST UPDATE

In bad weather You should increase your following distance The trickiest and most difficult lighting exists _____________. at dusk When driving in fog or snow Use your low beams You should avoid driving in fog whenever possible. In our comic strip, where did Traffic Safety Man find a driver waiting for the fog to lift? on top of the Statue of Liberty You are 25 times more likely to be killed if are thrown from your car. True Most crashes occur within 5 miles from your home The best safety feature for preventing whiplash is the Headrest

We told you that there is no excuse for leaving children alone in the car. We also recommend that you never leave your pet(s) alone in the car Having one drink or even less than one drink may ____________. impair your driving Prescription drugs May be illegal to take when driving. What do the initials B.A.C. represent? Blood Alcohol Concentration Alcohol is A depressant Impaired Driver is: All of the above Which of the following is NOT considered an impairment. Good Mood If you are upset or stressed, a good relaxation technique is to _____________. listen to soft music Your driving may be impaired by: All of the above An aggressive driver is a person who drives: With a lack of courtesy The aggressive driver is described as a person who drives with a lack of courtesy and creates dangerous situations on the road. We describe those types of people as: Selfish Drivers In the story about Steve''s near-miss while driving his cousin''s Camaro, what did his mother hit him with? Her purse. If you lose your current license because you have moved to another state or country and obtained a new license, your old license will be canceled. True

Your license can be REVOKED If you do something very dangerous. True A motor Vehicle registered in NYS must have liability insurance. True In order to reinstate your license, in addition to serving the period of suspension, you may have to: Both of the above If you have a clear right-of-way, you should Never insist on it A stop sign is: Warning A yellow line signifies_____________. traffic moving in different directions Examples of traffic controls are: All of the above How much time do you actually save by speeding? A lot less than you''d think. The number on the speed limit sign is The safest maximum speed for that road. New York Basic Speed Law states: You can NEVER drive faster than it is safe for road conditions. At 60 m.p.h., the force of your car impacting a surface is ______ times as great as 30 m.p.h. Four An example of a dangerous passing situation is All of the above A transportation system consists of All of the Above ___________ roads may require a different approach than driving in the city Country Pedestrians

Are hard to see The Big Picture" is ________________. identifying everything on the road that's a potential hazard to you as a driver. You should always look ahead ________. one city block (10-15 seconds) You should always ask yourself "________". What if? What contributes to collisions? All of the above What is the trickiest time of the day to drive? After Sunse The law clearly states which driver has the right of way False The letters R, U and A will help you remember the NSC Collision Prevention Formula. The "R" stands for recognize the hazard that can cause a collision Is the distance a vehicle travels from the moment an event occurs unit you see it and become aware of the danger Perception distance What is the first step you should take when approaching a motorized wheelchair, electric scooter, or golf cart that your vehicle is sharing the road with? reduce your speed and remain vigilant Your ability to drive safely can be impaired by the use of certain over-the-counter drugs true If your vehicle begins to skid, you should turn the steering wheel not in the opposit direction

not none of the above Is the single most important component to your engine's health engine oil When approaching a railroad crossing, you need to treat it the same way you treat other intersections

True You risk injured or killed in a collision decreases as your defensive driving behaviors increase true

When driving behind a large truck, if you can't see the truck's two outside mirrors, you are All of the above Follow the four Rs (read, right, reduce and ride) when avoiding a head-on collision A preventable collision is one in which you failed to do everything ___ to avoid it reasonable Three stages of a collision include the vehicle crash, the human crash, and the external crash false Winding roads and sharp curves are inherently dangerous because you can't see far ahead In heavy traffic areas, you should wave pedestrians across the street if there is no crosswalk False Of all collisions reported, most are a result of someone choosing an unsafe behavior true Is the number 1 killer because it reduces the number of times you, as a driver, have to react in a dangerous situation and increases your vehicle's stopping distance speeding Which one of the following is a way to focus your attention on driving so that you can recognize a hazard and understand the defense against it? not reasonable action Which of these is not one of the three deadly choices when it comes to vehicle and lane management dailure to check your mirrors Road signs use color and shape to help you identify the type and purpose of the sign true

In bad weather, four-wheel and all-wheel drive vehicles provide the following capability not they stop faster than a two wheel drive vehicle can What is defensive driving? driving to save lives, time and money in spite of the conditions around you and the actions of others To prevent collisions and violations at intersections that have traffic lights, use the ___ to ensure the intersection is clear before your enter it not the four rs Maintaining a safe following distance is a simple defensive technique to help you anticipate potential hazards around large vehicles. true Statistically speaking, your chances for a collision are highest at an intersction What is the first thing you should do upon entering your vehicle before driving ensure you are physically and emotionally ready to drive Tailgating is when a driver follows other vehicles too closely True NHTSA reports that the average text takes the driver's eyes off the road for ___ seconds

Which of the following is NOT a technique to prevent drowsy driving? not drive with the windows down to let in fresh air At the moment of impact in a vehicle collision, unbelted occupants are still traveling at the vehicle's original speed true What is the first step you should take when approaching a motorized wheelchair, electric scooter, or golf cart that your vehicle is sharing the road with reduce your speed and remain vigilant If you experience brake failure, you should turn off the engine and coast to a complete stop false Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) is impacted by all of the above

Before passing another vehicle, the first major step is to not check blind spots

not turn on the directional signal Maintaining a safe following distance is a simple defensive technique to help you anticipate potential hazards around large vehicles true Always keep, at a minimum, a ___- second following distance behind the vehicle in front of you 3 What are the three basic steps in the NSC Collision Prevention Formula not reflect, reframe, refocus It is acceptable to increase the speed of your vehicle over the legal speed limit to merge onto a highway false To prevent collisions and violations at intersections that have traffic lights, use the ___ to ensure the intersection is clear before you enter it not four rs Which one of the following is a way to focus your attention on driving so that you can recognize a hazard and understand the defense against it the "what if?" strategy Is the number 1 killer because it reduces the amount of time you, as a driver, have to react in a dangerous situation and increases your vehicle's stopping distance not distracted driving

not following too closely Seat belts and airbags together offer the best protection in a collision true A preventable collision is one in which the driver fails to do everything _____ to avoid it not within your power Road signs use color and shape to help identify the type and purpose of the sign true If you find that you are becoming aggravated or choosing unsafe, aggressive behaviors, what three steps can you take to regain control

reflect, reframe, refocus

Hydroplaning is typically caused by worn tires with insufficient tread What is the minimum following distance you should have when driving through a work zone not 5 sec or 3 sec By definition, defensive driving is "driving to save lives, time, and money, in spite of the conditions around you and the actions of others." True or False True What is the name of the strategy that, if we practice it block by block, mile by mile, keeps us mentally alert while driving and prepares us to act correctly, in time? The "What If?" Strategy The DDC Collision Prevention Formula uses the letters RUA to help us remember how to be a defensive driver. RUA stands for: Recognize, Understand, Act A preventable collision is one in which the driver fails to do everything ___ to avoid it. reasonable Developing defensive driving habits involves: All of the above When you use safety belts, you increase your chances of surviving a collision by more than ___ percent. 50% Driver physical conditions that can contribute to a collision include age, mobility, hearing, vision, illness or use of medication, and fatigue or drowsiness. True or False True Each day, we meet challenging conditions while driving, but the only things we can control are ______. Ourselves and our Vehicles In poor driving conditions, the first steps we should take are to ____. Slow down and increase following distance

The term "impaired driving" refers not only to driving while under the influence of alcohol, but also to illegal drugs or over the counter or prescription medications that may cause decreased function. True or False True As long as a drinker keeps his or her blood alcohol concentration below the legal limit of .08, that person's driving abilities won't be impaired. True or False False When talking about distracted driving, a distraction refers to: Any of the above ____ is the recommended safe following distance in good conditions. Three Seconds ___ is the most unsafe driving behavior that contributes to violations and crashes. Too much or unsafe speed The best way to determine the safest driving speed are to know the speed limit and _____. assess the conditions The delayed acceleration technique refers to: Waiting to go through an intersection until you have had a chance to scan for other vehicles When approaching an intersection, one way to avoid a crash is to: Cover the brake and scan ahead It's perfectly safe to enter an intersection, even if you might be stuck in the intersection after the light changes. True or False False As a vehicle's speed increases, it's stopping distance ___. increases When facing a head-on collision, the best strategy is to ________. drive right onto the shoulder Which of the following are among the top 4 choice factors that contribute to a rise in roadway deaths in 2015? Drunk driving, distracted driving, and speeding Speeding was a factor in about what percentage of fatal crashes in 2015?

25%

About ____ % of all fatally injured pasengers in passenger vehicles were NOT wearing a seatbelt in 2015? 50% Which of the following is an example of an economic loss? Workplace losses, medical losses, and property losses What is the leading cause of death for people aged 16-24? traffic accidents Which of the following is NOT a recommendation for dealing with an aggressive driver? Maintain your lane when being followed closely Select all the emotional states that may affect your driving Sadness, stress, anger, and anxiety What is the maximum legal blood alcohol content level is a driver is on the roadway? 0.08% Which of the following are effects of drowsy driving? An inability to recall the last few miles traveled, having disconnected or wandering thoughts, your head feels heavy, and drifting between lanes Which of the following is the safest option if you are feeling drowsy while driving? Pull off the road and get rest When two vehicles approach an uncontrolled intersection at the same time, the right-of-way is given to the vehicle ______. on the right Seat belts saved an estimated _______ people in 2014. 12, In addition to obeying speed limits, you may also want to adjust your speed because: you are driving at night, the weather is bad, and there is ice on the road Which of the following is a recommendation for dealing with a traffic stop? follow all instructions from the officer, remain calm, and keep your hands on the wheel After stopping for a school bus, it is safe to proceed again when: The bus has resumed motion and the red lights have stopped flashing

If the crossing gates are down at a railroad track, you may only drive around the crossing gate if: You may not drive around a crossing gate for any reason You may not pass when the lie that divides traffic lanes is ______. solid You must yield to oncoming traffic when turning left except when: You have a green left arrow indicating a protected turn What is the most frequently littered item in the US? Cigarette butts If you see or hear an emergency vehicle coming, you should: pull over to the right and stop your car Bad weather can result in which of the following conditions: reduced visibility Which are the two strategies that increase safety in all adverse driving conditions? Reduce speed and increase following distance. When recovering from hydroplaning, you should: ease your foot off the gas When driving in fog, you should switch on your ______. Low beam headlights If you are caught in a tornado, your first option for a safe place is where? A low lying area, like a ditch Your car can lose traction in just how many inches of water? 6 Which of the following are good suggestions for driving in high traffic? Signal often and early, be courteous, and don't follow too closely Rural driving is dangerous because: There are more animals who may present a hazard, it is easier to speed, and there are more unpaved roads On a multi-lane highway, slower traffic should: Stay in the rightmost lane

If you are on a highway, you should use the ______ to speed up to the pace of traffic. entrance ramp and merging lane Motorcyclists and pedalcyclists are vulnerable to which of the following roadway conditions? poor shoulder conditions, railroad crossings, and potholes Most drunk driving accidents occur between ______. midnight and 3am You can control your cruising speed using only the ______. gas pedal Which of the following does NOT affect traction? The physical condition of the driver A car traveling 60 MPH can take longer than ______ to stop. a football field Momentum is the product of an object's speed and _____. weight Approximately 80% of people ejected from their vehicles die. What is the best way to prevent an ejection from a car? wearing your seatbelt If you lose traction, you should NOT: slam on your brakes Perception of light and motion outside of the central visual field is called______. peripheral vision

All senses play a role in safe driving except which one? Taste Reactions that seem automatic, or which don't require much thought are called ______. simple reactions Distractions in the car that can disrupt your perception include: other passengers, cell phone, and loud music

The two-second rule applies to vehicles traveling under _____ MPH. 30 Which if the following are reasons that someone will want to increase the following distance? It is nighttime, the road is wet, one is approaching a constructions zone, it is a new route that one has not driven before, and the road is crowded Which of the following should you check before you begin a trip? Tires, fluid levels, brakes, seat belt, and the body Plan your route in advance. Looking at a GPS while driving could result in you becoming _______. distracted Which of the following is an example of something in the traffic environment you should evaluate before driving? rural roads, highways, and urban congestion Being a good defensive driver involves _____ the actions of other drivers. anticipating Defensive driving isn't just about reacting to the unknown. It's about removing the unknown by planning ahead and ___________. gathering information before you even depart Which of the following is NOT in the defensive driving chain of events? hesitation Which of the following are good strategies for dealing with the mistakes of others? slowing down, giving other drivers more room, and staying sober and alert Which of the following are examples of common driving errors? driving while intoxicated, speeding, driving while distracted By adjusting your mirrors, it is possible yo remove all blind spots around a vehicle. False Which of the following does NOT count as a no-zone? 200 feet behind a truck What hand signal is being shown? (bicycler's left hand is extended directly downward) slow down

What hand signal is being shown? (bicycler's left arm is bent at a 45 degree angle with hand directly in air). right turn What hand signal is being shown? (bicycler's left hand and arm are directly stretched straight out from should- hand and shoulder are parallel). left turn What hand signal is being shown? (bicycler's right hand is directly extended out from shoulder/ parallel to it). Right turn In 2014, 44% of all cyclist fatalities occurred between bicycles and _______. light trucks Most pedestrian fatalities _________. occur at night Because of the narrow profile and light weight, motorcyclists have limited rights to the road. False. Which of the following are examples of driving distractions? Cell phones, GPS units, Smoking, Eating, and daydreaming Talking on the phone is not distracting if the phone is hands-free. false Cognitive distractions take your ________. mind off the task of driving Wait until ________ before adjusting the volume of the radio of the climate controls. a red light Texting and driving creates what kind of distraction? Manual distraction, cognitive distraction, and a cognitive distraction. Following closely creates _______. a front collision trap Speed and _______ are often to blame in the creation of collision traps. following distance Which of the following is NOT recommended step for safely returning to the road?

rapidly jerking the wheel The best alternative option to avoid or reduce the severity of the crash is called the _______. path of least resistance If you find yourself in deep water like a lake or river, the most important thing you can do is: get out of the car as quickly as possible If someone is injured at the scene of an accident, what should you do? Leave them where they are, call for help, and stay on the scene Rubbernecking is dangerous because of distracted driving and because rubbernecking drivers _________. often steer in the direction they are looking

If you engine stalls while driving, you should: brake gently, shift your car into neutral, and steer toward the side of the road If you experience an inability to steer, you should immediately apply full pressure to the brakes to stop quickly as possible. false Almost _______ of people who died in a fatal car accidents in 2015 weren't wearing a seatbelt. half Children under the age of ____ are required to use a child safety seat, unless they are taller than 4' 9". 8 In the US, more people die in motor accidents who are not wearing seatbelts than die from..... drowning accidents (true), smoke related illnesses (false), shark attacks (true), mass shootings in the US (true), home fires (true), drug overdoses (false), Which of the following is NOT part of your suspension system? hazard lights Anti-lock braking systems are designed to: prevent you from skidding If your car is equipped with an airbag, you do not need to wear your seatbelt. False

What is the most important safety gear a cyclist can wear? a helmet What percentage of bike crashes result in some kind of head injury? 75% Children have died in cars when outside temperatures were as low as ____ degrees. 60 Physiology refers to the: functioning of your body parts Which of the following is NOT caused by alcohol consumption? Improvement of motor function It is safe to drive as long as your BAC is at or below: 0.00% Drinking to the point where your brain is no longer able to store information in memory is called_________. blacking out

Synergistic effects refer to the combination of effects from ____ and___. alcohol and other drugs Even if you aren't legally drunk, a single drink can alter your _____ state. psychological, physical, and emotional What is the legal BAC in all 50 states? 0.08% A minor can sometimes be charged as an adult with a BAC over 0.08%. True You can transport unopened alcohol ________. in the trunk Implied consent means that you agree to take a breathalyzer test just by operating a motor vehicle. true

who should you contact about the course taking points off license etc? your court how long is this course 4 hours you can take breaks true how well do you have to score? 70% or higher what is the leading cause of death for people aged 16 to 24 traffic accidents about ____ percent of all fatally injured passengers in passenger vehicles were not wearing a seatbelt 50 which state had the highest number of roadway fatalities according to the NHTSA? texas over 71% of all the crashes reported resulted only in ____? property damage Which of the following is an example of an economic loss all of the above: workplace losses, medical expenses, property damage Speeding is a factor in about what percent of fatal crashes 25% According to the NHTSA which human choice was a factor in the largest percentage increase in deaths distracted driving Which of the following are among the top for human choice factors that contribute to Rodeway deaths speeding, drunk driving, distracted driving Which of the following is not a recommendation for dealing with an aggressive driver Maintain your lane when being followed closely Select all of the emotional states that may affect your driving Anxiety, stress, sadness, anger What is the legal limit for blood alcohol concentration

0.08%

The following drugs are found to have no effect on driver performance All drugs have an effect Which of the following are effects of distracted driving An inability to recall the last few miles traveled, having disconnected or wandering thoughts, your head feels heavy, drifting from your lane which of the following is the safest option if you are feeling drowsy while driving Pull off the road and get rest When passing another vehicle how do you know when it's safe to return to the proper lane when you look in the rearview mirror and can see pavement in front of the vehicle you're passing you may not pass when the line that divides traffic lanes is _____? solid when to vehicles approach an uncontrolled intersection at the same time the right of way is given to the vehicle _______? on the right after stopping for a school bus it is safe to proceed again when: The bus has resumed motion and the red lights have stopped flashing How far before a turn must you signal 100 feet you must yield to oncoming traffic when turning left except when You have a green left arrow indicating a protected turn Center lanes maybe used for the following turning left You cannot stop your car Within an intersection In addition to obeying speed limits you may also want to adjust your speed because there is ice on the road, you are driving at night, the weather is bad Minimum speed limits are often in place for what reason to maintain the general flow of traffic

speeding was a factor in _____% Of all US roadway fatalities 27 According to NHTSA data 67% of speeding drivers involved in fatal crashes alcohol impaired If the crossing gates are down at a railroad track you may only drive around the crossing gate if You may not drive around a crossing gate for any reason What does a flashing red light indicate Come to a complete stop before proceeding Which of the following is an example of a regulatory sign speed limit Which of the following is not a safety tip for Where dark clothing at night to avoid blinding drivers When is it not OK to use the improved shoulder on a road when you need to pass a slow moving vehicle in front of you Add a roundabout you must yield to traffic already in the traffic circle according to the NHTSA in one year seatbelts saved an estimated ______ people 12, A child younger than two years old or who weighs less than ___ pounds must ride in a rear facing car seat 35 What is the most frequently littered item cigarette butts Which of the following is not an example of litter all are example: cigarette butts, receipts, even banana peels If you see or hear an emergency vehicle coming you should Pull over to the right and stop your car Which of the following is a recommendation for dealing with a traffic stop Follow all instructions, remain calm, keep your hands on the wheel

Your liability insurance covers damage done to someone else where you are at fault Comprehensive coverage covers you in the event that damages done to your vehicle by forces other than accidents if you were riding a bicycle at night your front lamp should be visible from at least_____ feet 500 Which of the following is recommended for cyclists operating in wet conditions wear reflective clothing bad weather can result in which of the following conditions Reduced visibility what are the two strategies that increase safety in all adverse driving conditions Reduce speed and increase following distance To recover from hydroplaning you should Ease your foot off the gas when driving in fog you should switch on your ____? low beams if you are caught in a tornado, your first option for a safe place is where? A low lying area, like a ditch Your car can lose traction in just how many inches of water? 6 Which of the following are good suggestions for driving in high traffic Signal often and early, be courteous, don't follow too closely rural driving is more dangerous because there are more animals who may present a hazard, it is easier to speed, there are more unpaved roads On a multilane highway, slower vehicles should stay to the right if you are on a highway, you should use the _______ to speed up to the pace of traffic entrance ramp and merging lane motorcyclists and pedalcyclists are vulnerable to which of the following roadway conditions

potholes, poor shoulder conditions,railroad crossings most drunk driving accidents occur between midnight and 3am you can control your cruising speed using only the gas pedal which does NOT affect traction the physical condition on the driver wear car traveling 60mph can take longer than ________ to stop a football field Momentum is the product of speed and weight what is the best way to prevent an ejection from a car wear a seatbelt if you lose traction you should not slam on the brakes which should you check before a trip tires, fluid levels, brakes, seat belt, the body looking at a gps while driving could result in you becoming distracted which is an example of something in the traffic environment you should evaluate before driving rural roads, highways, urban congestion being a defensive driver involves ________ the actions of other drivers anticipating defensive driving is y just about reacting to the unknown. it's about removing the unknown by planning ahead and gathering information before you even depart which is not in the defensive driving chain of events which Of the following are good strategies for dealing with the mistakes of others staying sober and alert, slowing down, giving other drivers more room

Which of the following are examples of common driving errors driving while distracted, driving while intoxicated, speeding By adjusting your mirrors, it is possible to completely remove all blind spots around a vehicle false Which of the following does not count as a no zone 200 feet behind the truck 44% of all cyclist fatalities occurred between bicycles and _______? light trucks most pedestrian fatalities____? occur at night Because of their narrow profile and lighter weight motorcyclist have limited rights to the road false Which of the following are examples of driving distractions cell phones, GPS units, smoking, eating, daydreaming Talking on the phone is not distracting if the phone is hands-free False cognitive distractions take your_____? Mind off the task of driving wait until _____ Before adjusting the volume of the radio or the climate control A red light Texting and driving creates what kind of distraction manual visual and cognitive Following too closely creates A front collision trap speed and _______ Are often to blame in the creation of collision traps following distance Which is not a recommended step for safely returning to the road rapidly jerking the wheel The best alternative option to avoid or reduce the severity of the crash is called the

path of least resistance if someone is injured at the scene of an accident what should you do Stay on the scene, leave them where they are, call for help rubbernecking is dangerous because of distracted driving and because rubbernecking drivers often steer in the direction they are looking If your engine stalls while driving you should Bragently, shift your car into neutral, steer toward the side of the road If you experience and inability to steer you should immediately apply for pressure to the brakes to stop as quickly as possible false almost______ Of the people who died in fatal car accidents weren't wearing a seatbelt half children under the age of ___ Are required to use a child safety seat unless they are taller than 4'9" 8 Which is not a part of your suspension system hazard lights antilock braking systems are designed to prevent you from skidding If your car is equipped with an airbag you do not need to wear your seatbelt false What is the most important safety gear a cyclist can wear helmet What percentage of bike crashes result in some kind of head injury 75 Physiology refers to the functioning of your body parts Which is not caused by alcohol consumption improvement in motor function It is only safe to drive as long as your BAC is at or below

0.00%

Drinking to the point where your brain is no longer able to store information in memory is called blacking out

synergistic effects refer to the combination of effects from alcohol and other drugs Even if you weren't legally drunk a single drink can alter your psychological physiological and emotional states A minor can sometimes be charged as an adult with a BAC over 0.08% true you can transport unopened alcohol in the trunk Implied consent means that you agreed to take a breathalyzer test just buy operating a motor vehicle true If you absolutely must drive in fog, make sure you use your low beam headlights According to Dr. Van Tassel, what should you do when driving at night? increase the space cushion around your vehicle It is dangerous to drive in the rain, because both traction is reduced and it is more difficult to see A car can hydroplane On a thin layer of water The force that pulls an object outward from the center of a curve is centrifugal force Stopping distance depends on which of the following? both speed and road condition affect stopping distance Michael Manser claims that eating a hamburger is an example of what type of distraction? both mental and physical

who can make the driver and pedestrian less likely to happen? both driver and pedestrian Nearly what percentage of all pedestrian fatalities occurs at mid-block (not at a crosswalk)? 80% Which of the following is a safe assumption while driving? assume that no one sees you every year, several ________ bicyclists die hundred You should keep a space cushion: on all sides of your car To drive safely near big rigs, you should NOT linger alongside the truck The most important thing to do in a driving emergency is which of the following? both stay calm and remember what you have learned If you have a tire blowout, you should: Hold the steering wheel tightly and slow down gradually. What does ABS stand for? Anti-Lock Brake System When jumping a dead battery, which car do you start first? the car with the live battery. If you are about to be in a collision, remember to do which of the following? both sound your horn and look for the path of least resistance In recent years, seat belt usage in the US has: increased Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoining include: All answers listed are correct

• sleepiness