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Dental Caries - Operative Dentistry - Lecture Slides, Slides of Dental surgery

Dental Caries, Tooth Eruption, Elongation of Tooth Root, Growth of Pulp, Nutrition And Teeth, Nutrition And Dental Caries, Enamel Integrity, Process of Demineralization. Exact name of subject is Operative Dentistry. I have 24 lectures, each one has own main topic.

Typology: Slides

2011/2012

Uploaded on 12/13/2012

naseem
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Download Dental Caries - Operative Dentistry - Lecture Slides and more Slides Dental surgery in PDF only on Docsity! Dental Caries J Docsity.com Eruption • Mechanisms of tooth eruption are complex • Teeth eventually appear in mouth through a combination of growth of supporting bone • Elongation of tooth root and growth of pulp Docsity.com Nutrition and Dental Caries • Direct cause-and-effect relationship between nutritional status and dental caries • Malnutrition is associated with retarded exfoliation of primary teeth • However unclear if cause by the process itself or the longer time before exfoliation • Permanent teeth eruption seem to be unaffected but have higher rates of caries Docsity.com Enamel Integrity • Tooth enamel structure may be damaged by trauma or acid demineralization • Loss of the tooth mineral structure begins when enamel surface pH is below 5.7 to 5.5 • Normal Neutral pH of the oral cavity is around 6 Docsity.com • Dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization is guided by several factors: – Oral bacteria, salivary flow and composition, presence of fluoride, tooth integrity and dietary habits • Equilibrium shifting of these factors towards demineralization results in enamel dissolution and hence caries formation • Calcium and phosphate ( pH) as well as fluoride, can help remineralize affected areas if the process has not reached the cementoenamel junction Docsity.com • Further facilitated by xerostomia xerostomia as the natural protection by saliva is absent • Important to differentiate this type of erosion from the caries process • Acid produced from plaque bacteria causes the enamel demineralization Docsity.com Caries Process • Dental caries is a multifactorial disease • Involves demineralization of the enamel and dentin • Bacteria in dental plaque metabolize fermentable carbohydrates into organic acids • Below the critical pH proteolytic enzymes break down the organic component Docsity.com • The length of exposure is influenced by a food’s inherent retention in the mouth – Eg. Liquids are cleared from the mouth more rapidly than solids; and foods that stimulate salivary flow though their consistency or chemical composition are cleared more rapidly than bland foods. • Proteins from saliva adsorb to the cleaned tooth and form the acquired enamel pellicle Docsity.com • S. mutans is the major pathogenic bacterial species involved in the caries process • Studies show that 93% of children with detectable caries were positive for S. mutans • The physiologic characteristics of the S. mutans that make them prime etiological agent in caries include their ability to: Docsity.com S. mutans 1. Adhere to tooth surface 2. Produce abundant insoluble extracellular polysaccharides from sucrose 3. Rapidly produce lactic acid from a number of sugar substrates 4. Be tolerant to acid 5. Produce intracellular polysaccharide stores Docsity.com • Cariogenic bacteria metabolize sugars to produce energy required for their growth and reproduction • The energy source may be exogenous or endogenous • Metabolism of mono or di saccharides • Once within the cell, glucose enters the Embden-Meyerhof glycolitic pathway Docsity.com • Smooth surface caries – Arise on intact enamel surfaces other than pit fissure – Can be divided into smooth surface caries (i.e., caries affecting the buccal and lingual tooth surfaces) – Approximal caries, affecting the contact area of adjoining tooth surface • Root surface caries • Secondary or recurrent caries Docsity.com • Earliest clinically detectable stage of caries in the enamel is the incipient lesion • Characterized by an opaque, white appearance • At this stage the process is amenable to remineralization • Further mineral loss result in enamel degradation and frank cavitation • Only treatment option in most cases is the placement of restoration Docsity.com