Dental Embryology, Histology and Anatomy 2024-2025. Questions & Correct Answers. Graded A+, Exams of Nursing

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Dental Embryology, Histology

and Anatomy 2024-2025.

Questions & Correct Answers.

Graded A+

3 Dentition Periods - ANS1) Primary Dentition - 6 months - 6 years; Starts with the arrival of the first tooth and the dentition only has primary teeth present. 2) Mixed Dentition - 6 years - 12 years; Starts with the shedding of the primary teeth and the arrival of the permanent teeth. Both primary and permanent teeth are present. 3) Permanent Dentition - After 12 years; Starts with the loss of the last primary tooth, only permanent teeth are present. 3 possible interfaces at the CEJ - ANS1) the cementum may overlap the enamel at the neck of each tooth.

2. The enamel may meet the cementum edge to edge. 3) a small area of underlying dentin may be exposed because there is a gap between the enamel and the cementum. Alveolar Process - ANSThe portion of the jaw which serves as a support for the tooth. Alveolus - ANSSurrounding and supporting the tooth by the bony socket of a tooth; located in the alveolar process of each jaw. Anatomical Crown - ANSPart of the crown covered by enamel. It remains constant throughout the life of the tooth. Anatomical Root - ANSPart of the root covered by cementum; the part of a tooth that is embedded in the jaw and

is not exposed to the oral cavity. Anterior Teeth - ANSInclude the central and lateral incisors along with the canine teeth; located in the front of the mouth. Apex of Root - ANSThe tip or peak at the end of the root. Apical Foramen - ANSOpening at the apex of the root of a tooth through wich the nerve and blood vessels that supply the dental pulp pass. Bifurcation - ANSTooth having two root branches. Buccal Ridge - ANSA ridge running cervico-occlusally in approximately the center of the buccal surface of premolars, more pronounced on the first than the second premolars. Buccal Surfaces - ANSMeaning cheek; tooth surfaces closest to the inner cheeks. Another name for the facial surface of the posterior teeth. Canines - ANSAnterior teeth that function as instruments to tear or pierce food durning mastication because of their tapered shape and prominent cusp. Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ) - ANSAn external line at the neck or cervix of the tooth which seperates the crown from the root; roots are widest in this area and taper toward the apex of the tooth. Cementum - ANSdull yellow surface of the anatomical root; is the outermost layer of the root of the tooth. Cervical Line - ANSSame as: CEJ (cementoenamel junction); the area where the line is formed seperating the crown from the root. Cervical Ridge - ANSA ridge running mesiodistally on the cervical one third of the buccal surface of the crown, found on all decidous teeth but only on

the permanent molars. Cervical, Middle, Apical - ANSThe devision of a tooth root horizontally from CEJ to the root tip Cervical, Middle, Incisal - ANSThe devision of an anterior crown surface horizontally to designate specific tooth areas. Cervical, Middle, Occlusal - ANSThe devision of a posterior crown surface horizontally to designate specific tooth areas. Cervix - ANSThe part of the root near the CEJ. Cingulum - ANSEnlargement or bulge on the cervical third of the lingual surface of the crown in anterior teeth (incisors and canines). Clinical Crown - ANSPart of the anatomical crown that can be seen in the oral cavity; not covered by gingival tissue. It's height is determined by the location of the marginal gingiva. It can change over time especially with gingival recession. Clinical Root - ANSPart of anatomical root visible in the oral cavity; not covered by gingival tissue; may vary over time due to gingival recession. Concave - ANSThe surface of a tooth that curves or bends inward. Contact Area (Contact point) - ANSThe small spot or area on the mesial and distal surfaces of a tooth which when the teeth are in good alignment in the dental arch, touches the adjacent tooth in the same arch at the proximal surface. This is where resistance is felt when dental floss is passed between two teeth. Convex - ANSThe surface of a tooth that curves or bulges outward. Crown - ANSPart of a tooth composed of dentin and pulp covered by enamel. Cusp - ANSA point, or peak

on the occlusal surface of a molar or premolar and on the incisal edge of a canine. This consists of one or more major elevations on masticatory surface of the canines and posterior teeth. Cusp of Carabelli - ANSA fifth cusp that may form on the maxillary molars. Maxillary molars usually have 4 cusps; 2 buccal cusps and 2 lingual cusps. Cusp Slopes - ANSThe inclined surfaces or ridges that form an angle at the cusp tip when viewed from the facial or lingual aspect. These may also be called cusp ridges or cusp arms. DAQT System - ANSA system used to identify a specific tooth by providing information on Dentition - Arch - Quadrant - Tooth Type Deciduous dentition - ANSAn older term for the primary dentition derived from the concept that primary dentition shed teeth just like deciduous trees shed their leaves. Dental Anatomy - ANSIs the area of dental sciences dealing with the morphology, or form, of the teeth; both crown and root. Dentin - ANSThe hard tissue underlying enamel and cementum and making up the main bulk of the tooth. Dentinoenamel Juction (DEJ) - ANSThe linear area of juxtapostion of the enamel and dentin of the tooth crown, generally conforming to the shape of the crown. Dentition - ANSNatural teeth in the jaw of either primary and permanent teeth or mixed grouping of teeth; all maxillary and mandibular teeth. Developmental Groove - ANSA sharply defined, narrow, linear depression, short or long, formed

during tooth development usually separating lobes or major portions of a tooth. The major grooves are named according to their location. Diastema - ANSOpen contact that can exist between permanent maxillary central incisors. diphyodont - ANSTwo seperate sets of teeth or dentition. Distal Surface - ANSThe surface of the tooth that is farthest away from the midline of the dental arch. Distal, Middle, Mesial or Labial, Middle, Lingual or Buccal, Middle, Lingual - ANSThe devision of a tooth crown vertically Embrasures - ANSWhen two teeth in the same arch come into contact, their curvatures next to the contact areas form a triangular shape space between the two teeth as the mesial and distal surfaces slope away from each other. Enamel - ANSHard shiny outer layer of tooth that covers the anatomical crown. Eruption - ANSThe act of a tooth moving occlusally and becoming visible in the mouth as it emerges through the gum tissue. Facial Surfaces - ANSStructures or tooth surface closest to the facial surface next to the lips; the facial surface of the anterior teeth. Fissure - ANSA narrow channel, cleft or ditch that is sometimes deep which forms at the bottom of a developmental groove caused or formed during the develpment of a tooth and extending toward the pulp from the groove. These can be considered an abnormality, decay can often begin in this deep area. Fossa (plural form: Fossae) - ANSA depression or hollow found on the lingual

surfaces of some anterior teeth; particularly of maxillary incisors) and on the occlusal surfaces of all posterior teeth. Furcation - ANSArea between two or more root branches before devision from root trunk. Gingiva - ANSGum tissue composed of mucosa surrounding maxillary and mandibular teeth. Gingival Recession - ANSThe marginal gingiva recedes towards the root of the tooth leaving the root of the tooth exposed. Heght of Contour - ANSAKA: Crest of Curvature; the greatest elevation of the tooth either incisocervically or occlusocervically on a specific surface of the crown. The contact areas on the mesial and distal of the proximal surfaces of the crown. Heterodont - ANSComprised of different types, or classes of teeth to perform different functions in the mastication process. homodont - ANSAll of the teeth are the same in form and type. Incisal Edge - ANSRidge on permanent incisors that flatten after eruption; the cutting edge, ridge. or surface, of anterior teeth. Incisal Surface - ANSThe masticatory surface on the most superior surface of the crown of an anterior tooth. Incisors - ANSAnterior teeth that function as instruments for biting and cutting food during mastication because of their triangular proximal form. International Standards Organization Designation System (ISO System) - ANSThis system uses a two digit code to chart permanent and primary dentitions. The first digit marks the quadrant 1-4 in the

permanent and 5-8 in the primary. The second digit marks the tooth in each quadrant 1-8 in the permanent and 1-5 in the primary dentition. Interproximal Space - ANSThe area or space between the adjacent tooth surfaces. Labial Ridge - ANSA ridge running cervicoincissally in approximately the center of the labial surface of the cannines. Labial Surfaces - ANSMeaning lip; tooth surfaces closest to the lips. Another name for the facial surface of anterior teeth. Line Angle - ANSEach tooth can be divided by imaginary lines to designate specific crown areas; the junction of 2 surfaces create an imaginary line. The name is derived by combining terms such as mesial and labial together to form mesiolabial. There are 8 line angles per tooth. Lingual Surfaces - ANSThe surface of the maxillary and mandibular teeth; tooth surfaces closest to the tongue. Lobe - ANSIs one of the primary sections of formation in the development of the crown. Lower Arch - ANSMandibular arch Mamelon - ANSOne of three tubercles sometimes present on the incisal edge of an incisor tooth that has not been subjected to wear. Mandible - ANSThe lower jaw that holds the lower teeth in place. Marginal Ridge - ANSOn incisor and canine teeth, the ridges on the mesial and distal border of the lingual surface. On posterior teeth these ridges are on the mesial and distal borders of the occlusal surface. Mastication - ANSThe process of biting and grinding food in your mouth so it becomes soft enough to

swallow. Masticatory Surfaces - ANSThe chewing surface of the teeth where the elevations of the teeth are more superior; this is the incisal surface for anterior teeth and occlusal surface for the posterior teeth. Maxilla - ANSThe upper jaw that holds the upper teeth in place. Mesial Surface - ANSThe surface of the tooth that is closest to the midline of the dental arch. Mid Sagittal Plane - ANSA vertical plane through the midline of the body; divides the body into right and left halves. Also called the median plane. Midline - ANSAn imaginary line that devides the mouth in two halves. Mixed Dentition - ANSA period of time when the primary teeth are still present with newly erupted permanent teeth. Often called the "ugly duckling stage". Molars

• ANSPosterior teeth with the largest and strongest crowns that funchtion in grinding food during mastication; they have wide occlusal surfaces and prominent cusps. monophyodont - ANSOne set of teeth. Nonsuccedaneous - ANSPermanent teeth that do not have primary predecessors: the molars. Oblique Ridge - ANSA ridge on maxilliary molars that crosses the occlusal surface obliquely and is made up of the triangular ridges of the mesiolingual and the distobuccal cusps. Occlusal Surface - ANSThe masticatory surface of the posterior teeth; where the crown is most superior; the chewing surface of the posterior teeth consisting of cusps, ridges and groves and bounded by cusp ridges and marginal ridges. Occlusion - ANSIs

the method by which the teeth of the mandibular arch come into contact with those of the maxillary arch. Palatal Surfaces - ANSThe surface of the maxillary teeth nearest the palate of the maxillary arch. Palmer Notation Method - ANSUses a Military Tooth Numbering System most often used by orthodontics. It uses a graphic right angle symbol indicating the quadrants with the tooth number inside; 1-8 for the permanent and A-E for the primary dentitions. Periodontal Ligament or Membrane - ANSMode of attachment of the tooth to the alveolus, consists of collagenous tissue fibers arranged in groups. This connects the tooth cementum to bone. Permanent - ANSAKA: Succedaneous Dentition; Total of 32 teeth that includes: 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars and 12 molars Pit - ANSA small, often deep fault or depression, formed at the unton or intersection of two or more develpmental grooves or sometimes at the end of a single groove. Point Angle - ANSEach tooth has four angles used as a way to determine a specific area of the crown; at the junction of 3 surfaces of the crown creates a point angle from which it gets its name. ex: mesial, labial and incisal point angles = mesiolabioincisal. There are 4 point angles per tooth. Polyphodont - ANSMore than two, or continuous sets of teeth developing throughout life. Posterior Teeth - ANSInclude all of the molars in the primary dentition as well as the premolars and molars of the permanent dentition;

located in the back of the mouth Premolars - ANSPosterior teeth found only in the permanent dentition, they function to assist in grinding food during mastication; they have a broad occlusal surface and prominent cusps. Primary - ANSAKA: Deciduous dentition; Total of 20 teeth that includes: 8 incisors, 4 canines and 8 moloars. Proximal Surface - ANSSurfaces on the tooth between adjacent teeth. Side view of a tooth generally considered nonself-cleansing; either mesial or distal surfaces. Pulp - ANSSoft tissue of the tooth that furnishes the blood and nerve supply. Pulp Canal - ANSThe part of the pulp that is found in the root. Pulp Cavity or Pulp Chamber - ANSThe part of the pulp that is mainly in the crown. This is bounded by dentin. Pulp Chamber - ANSPart of the tooth containing the largest mass of pulp. Pulp Horns - ANSExtensions of coronal pulp into cusps of posterior teeth. Quadrants - ANSDivision of each dental arch into two parts with four quadrants in the oral cavity. Root - ANSPart of a tooth composed of a pulp cavity and dentin covered by cementum. Bulkier on the facial surface than on the lingual surface and tapers more dramatically on the lingual surface. Root Axis Line (RAL) - ANSAn imaginary line representing the long axis of a tooth, drawn in a way to bisect the root and crown in the cervical area. Root concavities - ANSSurfaces of the root having indentations commonly occuring on the proximal root surfaces of anterior and

posterior teeth, and the buccal and lingual surfaces of molars. Flossing may be less effective in these areas. Succedaneous - ANSPermanent teeth with primary predecessors: the anterior teeth and the premolars. Sulcus - ANSA broad depressionor valley on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth, the inclines of which meet in a develpmental groove and extend to the cusp tips. Supplemental Grooves - ANSSmall, irregularly placed grooves, not at the juction of lobes or major portions of a tooth, found usually on occlusal surfaces. Surfaces - ANSThere are 5 surfaces identified by their orentation in the mouth are facial, lingual, masticatory, mesial and distal surfaces. Transverse Ridge - ANSA ridge crossing the occlusal surface in a buccolingual direction and made up of the triangular ridges of either the mesiolingual and mesiobuccal or of the distolingual and distobuccal cusps. Triangular Ridge - ANSOn the occlusal surface of posterior teeth, the ridge from any cusp tip to the center of the occlusal surface. All posterior tooth cusps have a triangular ridge except the mesiolingual cusp on maxillary molars, wihch has two triangular ridges. Trifurcation - ANSTooth having three root branches. Tubercle - ANSA small elevation caused by over-calcification of the enamel occurring on the marginal ridges of posterior teeth or on the cingulum of anterior teeth. Universal Tooth Designation System - ANSMost widely used system in the US for charting the primary dentition

using the capital letters A_T and digits 1-32 for the permanent dentitions. it is adaptable to electronic data transfer Upper Arch - ANSMaxillary arch