Dental Health and Medical Conditions, Exams of Dental surgery

Download Dental Health and Medical Conditions and more Exams Dental surgery in PDF only on Docsity! Mosby's National Board Dental Hygiene Exam Questions + Answers. A program for tobacco use cessation is an essential component of the dental hygiene care plan for appropriate patients. The first step for tobacco dependence intervention is to: - Correct Answer ask patients about their current tobacco use habits. The normal respiration rate range, in breather per minute, for an adult is: - Correct Answer 12-20. A blood pressure reading of 146/90 mm Hg would be classified as: - Correct Answer hypertension, stage 1. The first course of action in the dental hygiene process of care is to: - Correct Answer obtain medical and dental histories. Which of the following is another name for hypoglycemia? - Correct Answer Low blood sugar. During an epileptic seizure, the patient should be placed in which position in the dental chair? - Correct Answer Supine. Body core temperature exceeding 37.5 C (99.1 F) but less than 41.0 C (105.8 F) is termed - Correct Answer pyrexia. All of these factors are associated with increased respiration, pulse, and blood pressure EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Nitrous oxide inhalation. Caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA) is an evidence-based approach to the prevention and management of caries, which assesses levels of risk and serves as a guideline for interventions. Current research indicates that the most important factor in dental caries prevention and treatment is to modify and correct the dental biofilm and transform oral factors to favor dental health. - Correct Answer Both are true. The highest pH level at which demineralization occurs in enamel is between - Correct Answer 4.5-5.5 A caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA) protocol for enamel remineralization involves chewing of xylitol gum or mints because xylitol reduces the levels of Streptococcus mutant and promotes remineralization. - Correct Answer Both are correct and related. Dental caries is a - Correct Answer communicable disease. If a patient is taking phenytoin (Dilantin), it is usually an indication that he or she is being treated for - Correct Answer epilepsy. For a patient who is classified as being at moderate to extreme risk for caries, all of the following are recommended risk-reduction and treatment strategies EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Chewing an antacid before bedtime. Hyposalivation may develop into all of these oral conditions EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Periodontal disease. Hand washing is recommended after removal of gloves because - Correct Answer organisms on the hand multiply rapidly inside the warm, moist environment of the glove. Which percentage of ethanol or isopropanol should an alcohol-based hand rub contain to be effective in removing transient microorganisms and reducing resident flora? - Correct Answer 60%-70% Which type of modifications should be made when scheduling dental appointments for a patient with significant manifestation of autism spectrum disorder? - Correct Answer Several short, frequent appointments with the same staff members. Biologic monitoring tests evaluate the effectiveness of the sterilization cycle. These monitoring tests should be performed monthly to verify effective functioning of the sterilization equipment. - Correct Answer First is true, second is false. Which is the MOST effective test for a steam under pressure sterilization unit? - Correct Answer Biologic monitor. A patient who indicates a food allergy to avocados, chestnuts, and papayas may be at risk for which type of sensitivity? - Correct Answer Latex. Which of the following items can be adapted to aid in oral care for a patient who has difficulty holding objects because of severe arthritis? - Correct Answer Bicycle grip Soft rubber ball Quick cure acrylic molds. A patient with an unshielded cardiac pacemaker requires antibiotic premedication before treatment. Ultrasonic scaling systems are safe in patients with an unshielded cardiac pacemaker. - Correct Answer Both are false. Patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk for all of the following oral conditions EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Oral cancer. Which of the following emergency situations is the primary concern when a patient with diabetes presents with confusion, pallor, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, headache, and irritability? - Correct Answer Hypoglycemia. Chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of cancer may cause mucositis in the oral cavity. Mucositis can be prevented or lessened by the use of sodium bicarbonate and saline water rinses to hydrate and soothe the tissue. - Correct Answer Both are true. For a patient undergoing cancer treatment and has demineralization and xerostomia, which strategy would be MOST effective for caries management? - Correct Answer Custom fit fluoride gel trays. Oral candidiasis is the most common oral lesion associated with human immunodeficiency virus HIV. An individual with HIV should be instructed to rinse with hydrogen peroxide daily to lessen the chance that he or she will develop candidiasis. - Correct Answer First is true, second is false. Which of the following emergency situations is the primary concern when an individual reports a feeling of warmth, flushing of skin, and nausea and starts to perspire? - Correct Answer Syncope. Which of the following actions would be MOST appropriate for the patient with a history of seizures who is experiencing an aura? - Correct Answer Terminating the procedure and not restraining the patient. Which of the following is the primary concern when a patient experiencing blurred vision, light headedness, slurred speech, anxiety, bradycardia, tachypnea, and tinnitus after administration of four carpules of local anesthetic? - Correct Answer Local anesthetic toxicity. Which of the following options is MOST appropriate for a patient experiencing severe dentinal hypersensitivity during instrumentation at the prophylaxis appointment? - Correct Answer Fluoride varnish. Each of the following agents may be effective in relieving dentin hypersensitivity EEXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Sodium bicarbonate. In individuals with Down syndrome, conditions that may require special care include all of the following oral manifestations EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Dens in dente. The need for antibiotic premedication should be considered for an individual with a history of intravenous (IV) drug use. Damage to the tricuspid valve of the heart between the right atrium and ventricle may be associated with substance abuse. - Correct Answer Both are true. Which of the following is the BEST choice for a prescribed postoperative pain medication for a recorering chemically dependent patient who is experiencing moderate pain? - Correct Answer Ibuprofen (Motrin) Candidiasis is the most common oral characteristic of - Correct Answer Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Parotid enlargement, xerostomia, commissure lesions, and perimolysis are common oral characteristics of which condition? - Correct Answer Eating disorders. Planning a home care routine for a patient with an eating disorder may include all of the following suggestions EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Chlorhexidine rinse. Pregnant women with poor oral health are at an increased risk of - Correct Answer pyogenic granuloma and low birthweight babies. Recommendations for a patient with burning mouth syndrome include all of the following suggestions EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Acetaminophen daily. Individuals who have undergone radiation to the head and neck are at increased risk for all of the following conditions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Kaposi sarcoma. Health care workers diagnosed with any of the following conditions, EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Oral candidiasis. During disinfection of the treatment room the light handles should be disinfected. Semi- critical items penetrate tissue and should be autoclavable. - Correct Answer The first is true, second is false. The most common method of sterilization in a dental office is the autoclave. An autoclave uses steam sterilization under pressure to destroy all potentially infectious disease and pores. - Correct Answer Both are true. Limiting the risk of blood borne pathogen exposure includes all of the following actions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Recapping needles by hand. A Beverly anxious patient may show all of the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Decreased heart rate All of the following actions may be demonstrated by a moderately anxious patient EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Unnatural long pause before answering questions. Early defibrillation is important to restore a normal heart rhythm is an individual experiencing cardiac arrest. Each minute that is delayed, the patients change of survival diminishes by 10% - Correct Answer Both are true. During a medical emergency, the individual may need 100% positive-pressure oxygen at a high flow rate. One condition requiring this level of oxygen administration is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - Correct Answer First is true, second is false. Younger patients who experience seizures that cause a period of "absence" and increased blinking of the eyelids would be characterized as having which type of seizure? - Correct Answer Peitit mal seizure. A patient whose skin is hot and dry, has fruity smelling breath, and who is extremely lethargic exhibits signs of: - Correct Answer hyperglycemia. Hypocapnia results in - Correct Answer A rise in pH, known as respiratory alkalosis. The triad of diabetic symptoms includes polydipsia, polyphasic, and - Correct Answer polyuria. Autoclave efficiency should be checked at least weekly by using - Correct Answer vials of culture media containing thermophilic sprue forming bacteria. Utility gloves should be used by the clinician to - Correct Answer clean the operator after treatment. Which of the following antimicrobial agents is MOST commonly found in hand sanitizers for disinfection? - Correct Answer Alcohol. Autoclave tape is an example of which method of sterilization monitoring? - Correct Answer Process. Bacillus atrophies spores are specific spores used in biologic indicators to monitor which type of sterilizer? - Correct Answer Dry heat and ethylene oxide gas. The environmental protection agency (EPA) states that the maximum number of colony- forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) of microbes in a dental water line used during patient treatment should be less than - Correct Answer 500. Which time frame BEST describes the frequency of how often dental water and air lines with high-speed handpick attachments is flushed to meet the CDC recommendations? - Correct Answer After every patient. When an impression is sensitive to immersion into a disinfectant, which is the proper disinfection procedure for that impression after rinsing and shaking off the excess water? - Correct Answer Spraying with a disinfectant and wrapping in a paper towel. Which of the following statements regarding the handling of sharps is correct? - Correct Answer The clinician should recap a needle using the scoop method. All of the following are modes of transmission of HIV EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Inhalation. Which of the following concentrations of anesthetic drug in milligrams per cartridge (mg/mL) is contained in 0.5% bupivacaine (Marcaine) 1:200,000 epinephrine? - Correct Answer 9 A dental hygienist administered additional anesthesia for a procedure that lasted longer than expected, and the patient is beginning to experience discomfort in the area of treatment. The dental hygienist administers additional anesthesia, but the patient is still experiencing pain. Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for the anesthesia failure? - Correct Answer Tachyphylaxis. During the posterosuperior alveolar (PSA) anesthesia block, incorrect penetration of the needle into which location could result in a hematoma? - Correct Answer Pterygoid plexus of veins. Which of the following local anesthetics would provide the MOST effective hemostasis? - Correct Answer Lidocaine 2%, 1:50,000 epinephrine Methamoglobinemia is caused by which topical anesthetic? - Correct Answer Prilocaine. Which of the following is an initial symptom of a toxic overdose from a vasoconstrictor drug in local anesthetic preparation? - Correct Answer Hypertension. The dental hygienist injects one full 1.8 mL cartridge of articaine 4%. Which is the accurate amount in milligrams per milliliter (mg/mL) of local anesthetic administered? - Correct Answer 72 Epinephrine is added to local anesthetic cartridges to produce all of the following effects EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Increase the vasodilatory effects of the local anesthetic. Paraesthesia may be caused during an anesthetic injection if the clinician - Correct Answer injects a cartridge contaminated by alcohol or other disinfectant. Which of the following topical anesthetics is considered an eutectic mixture? - Correct Answer Oraqix. The concentration of topical anesthetics is greater than those of their injectable counterparts. Topical anesthetics do not contain vasoconstrictors. - Correct Answer Both are true. Before administration of nitrous oxide sedation, it is important for the clinician to consider the - Correct Answer patients pregnancy status. Which of the following topical anesthetics is classified as an amide? - Correct Answer Lidocaine. At the termination of administration of nitrous oxide (N2O/O2) sedation, the clinician should terminate the nitrous oxide flow and administer what percentage of oxygen for 5 minutes postoperatively? - Correct Answer 100% Spasms of the muscles, soreness, and difficulty opening the mouth after a local anesthetic injection is referred to as - Correct Answer trismus. In which of the following toothbrushing methods are the bristles directed away from the gingiva toward the occlusal or incisor edge? - Correct Answer Charters. A score on a plaque index (PI) of a 1.0 to 1.9 means that the patient has which type of oral hygiene? - Correct Answer Fair. What is the patients score on the O'Leary's plaque control record if he or she has plaque at the gingival margin of 40 surfaces and a total of 28 teeth? - Correct Answer 28% Which ingredient prevents drying and separation of a dentrifice? - Correct Answer Humectants. Which of the following is the MOST effective tool for cleaning the embrasure space in a patient with missing interdental papillae? - Correct Answer Proxy brush. Contact dermatitis is exemplified by which type of hypersensitivity? - Correct Answer IV The severe form of erythema multiform, which involves widespread lesions that may appear in the oral cavity and on the eyes, genitalia, and the thoracic and abdominal regions, is known as - Correct Answer Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Which of the following levels is desirable glucose level for an individual with diabetes? - Correct Answer 105 Which of the following factors could be responsible for the high prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM)? - Correct Answer Poor host response. A 30- year old patient has come for a dental hygiene appointment. The patient marks yes on the medical history for HIV infection. What should the dental hygienist do next? - Correct Answer Obtain the patients most recent CD4+ lymphocyte counts and viral load numbers. A 63 year old male patient presents with cirrhosis of the liver. Which of the following should be a consideration before periodontal surgical treatment begins? - Correct Answer Administration of an amide local anesthetic. A patient indicates a history of myocardial infarction (MI) 2 years ago. What is the implication of this with regard to periodontal therapy? - Correct Answer Excessive bleeding can be expected during periodontal therapy. The MOST dangerous side effect of opioid drug - Correct Answer respiratory depression. When treating a patient with hemophilia, the clinician should - Correct Answer determine the clotting status of the patient. All of the following are important considerations directly related to a dental hygiene treatment for the patient with asthma EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Use of antidepressant medication. A 10 year old patient with seizure disorder may present with which of the following oral health issues? - Correct Answer Delayed tooth eruption. A patient undergoing a solid organ transplantation may have oral and facial complications associated with immunosuppressive drugs. A medical consultation is the best way to ensure appropriate modifications are taken. - Correct Answer Both are true. Untreated inflammation around an implant could cause the following conditions to progress EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Implant osseointegration Which of the following microorganisms is the primary colonizer in generalized aggressive periodontitis? - Correct Answer Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Which of the following is the major role of postaglandins in the inflammatory process? - Correct Answer Initiation of alveolar bone destruction. The extension of the periodontal lesion from the gingiva into the supporting alveolar bone is characteristic of which lesion? - Correct Answer Advanced lesion. What is the role of sub gingival calculus in the development of periodontal disease? - Correct Answer Local contributing factor. All of the following adjunctive antimicrobials contain an antibiotic EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer PerioChip The antimicrobial agents commonly utilized in controlled release local site application are - Correct Answer minocycline, doxycycline, and chlorhexidine. A major advantage of locally delivered antimicrobial agents over systemically delivered agents is the lowered dose of drug in blood plasma. This means that the active agent is also present in a much lower dose at the site of infection. - Correct Answer The first is true, second is false. All of the following conditions have oral manifestations EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Congestive heart failure. A patient is experiencing an acute periodontal abscess. In this instnace, the patient would be expected to present with all of the following signs and symptoms EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Absence of pain. Immunofluorescence technique could be used to assist in the diagnosis of all of the following EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Squamous cell carcinoma All of the following are indications of an endodontic abscess EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Positive vitality test. Malpositioned teeth, overhanging margins of restorations, and abnormal tooth morphology may cause increased accumulation of oral biofilm in those areas. This may contribute to the development of gingivitis. - Correct Answer Both are true. Bleeding on probing is an indication of active inflammation. It can be used to develop a periodontal diagnosis. - Correct Answer The first is true, second is false. Following reevaluation of periodontal therapy, which of the following would be the MOST appropriate time frame for the periodontal maintenance appointment? - Correct Answer 3 months. A dental hygiene treatment plan indicates two quads of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) with the use of local anesthesia. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate plan of treatment for the first appointment? - Correct Answer Maxillary and mandibular right quads. Which of the following should be avoided when the dental hygienist is preparing a dental hygiene diagnosis statement? - Correct Answer Attitudes or judgements The dental hygiene care plan is a blueprint that should be developed between which individuals? - Correct Answer Dental hygienist and patient. The dental hygiene patient is informed that nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is required. The patient is knowledgeable regarding the need for treatment but declines the care. Which legal term describes the patients decision? - Correct Answer Informed refusal. All of the following management strategies will benefit the anxious patient EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? - Correct Answer Scheduling the appointment at the end of the day. The presence of visible exudate around the gingival margins is an indication of - Correct Answer active disease.