Dental Hygiene Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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ADEX Dental Hygiene Exam 2024/2025 GRADED A

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

How many types of exposure exist when ionized radiation interacts with the body? - CORRECT ANSWER 2 What drug induces vomiting and is often abused by bulimics? - CORRECT ANSWER Emetics Disease control is successful when patients learn new behaviors. A plan for teaching and learning can be designed. To design educational resources, learning domains must be used. How many learning domains are there? - CORRECT ANSWER 3 What are the three types of dental mirrors? - CORRECT ANSWER Front surface, concave, and plane What instrument do the terms calibrated and furcation refer to? - CORRECT ANSWER probes What instrument is limited to use on the enamel surfaces and the outer surface of a calculus deposit? - CORRECT ANSWER Periodontal file What is the relationship between the face of a calculus removal instrument and the tooth surface to which the working-end is applied?

• CORRECT ANSWER Angulation What type of stroke is used to remove residual calculus deposits, microbial plaque, and plaque by-products from root surfaces? - CORRECT ANSWER Root debridement work strokes What type of stroke is used to position the working-end at the base of the sulcus pocket or apical to a calculus deposit? - CORRECT ANSWER Placement stroke

What are the categories of stroke characteristics? - CORRECT ANSWER Overlap strokes, pattern strokes, and length strokes How many methods of fluoride implementation are there? - CORRECT ANSWER 3 What terminology is defined as a client experiencing an unforeseen medical difficulty? - CORRECT ANSWER Medical emergency What are dental hygienists required to be trained in? A. Medical emergency management B. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation C. Medical trauma rescue D. Medical emergency management and cardiopulmonary resuscitation

• CORRECT ANSWER D What body temperature is considered elevated and may suggest the presence of infection or disease? A. 98.7° B. 99.5° C. 101.0° D. 100.1° - CORRECT ANSWER B What systems transport oxygen? A. Blood system and gland system B. Circulatory system and blood system C. Respiratory system and gland system D. Circulatory system and respiratory system - CORRECT ANSWER D Condition found in teeth where the outer surface fold inward. - CORRECT ANSWER Dens invaginatus (dens in dente) Condition of teeth where the outer surface appears to form an extra bump. Premolar likely to be effected. - CORRECT ANSWER Den evaginatus d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER Mesiodens a) supernumerary Teeth b) Present @ the middle line

c) result in Oral Problems (such as malocclusion, food impaction, poor aesthetics, & cyst formation) d)all of the above where the cementum overlying the roots of at least 2 teeth join together. This can cause trauma, Surgical separation of teeth may be necessary when extracted. - CORRECT ANSWER Concrescence The condition found in molar teeth whereby the body of the tooth & pulp chamber is enlarged vertically at the expense of the roots. Resulting in the floor of the pulp & the furcation of the tooth is moved apically don the root. - CORRECT ANSWER Taurodontism FALSE: You can not probe a periodontal abscess. - CORRECT ANSWER T or F: A periodontal abscess can be probed. excessive curving of the occlusal plane(joker smile) - CORRECT ANSWER When taking a Panoramic image, a chin tipped too low will result in... a flat occlusal plane - CORRECT ANSWER When taking a Panoramic image, a chin tipped too high will result in... ghost image - CORRECT ANSWER When taking a Panoramic image, a slumped position will result in a ... harringbone or tire track pattern - CORRECT ANSWER Flim placed backwards in the mouth will have a ...

• insufficient radiation exposure
• insufficient developing time
• using overused developing solution
• developing solution that is too cold - CORRECT ANSWER 4 common reasons why radiograph will appear very light. Film exposed to light appears black - CORRECT ANSWER What is the appearance of film exposed to light

The film appears blurry!! - CORRECT ANSWER What is the appearance of the image when a pt. moves? blurred edge to an image, a halo effect on film - CORRECT ANSWER Penumbra False. The pt. should not wear a thyroid collar - CORRECT ANSWER T or F: a patient should wear a thyroid collar when taking a panoramic image? True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F: Digital film is faster than F speed film 6 years old - CORRECT ANSWER #8 and #9 are present along with first molars, about how old is the person 9 or 10 years old - CORRECT ANSWER #22 & #27 are erupted but 2nd molars have yet to erupt, about how old is the patient? 10 - 12 - CORRECT ANSWER permanent premolars erupting, primary molars have exfoliated or near exfoliation approximate age is?

• fibroblast
• blood vessels
• lymphatic channels
• nerves
• connective tissues - CORRECT ANSWER The pulp of a tooth is composed of a) enamel - CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following parts of the tooth is the first to form? a) enamel b) dentin c) cementum d) pulp a) enamel, mesenchyme give rise to the dentin pulp & cementum, but not the enamel - CORRECT ANSWER Mesenchyme gives rise to all of the following except one. Which of the following is the exception?

a) Enamel b) Dentin c) pulp d) Cementum LESS than 6 congenitally missing teeth - CORRECT ANSWER Hypodontia having 6 or MORE congenitally missing teeth - CORRECT ANSWER Oligodontia True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F: bifurcated premolar or canine is a variation of normal Lingual aspects of mandibular canines, common in children - CORRECT ANSWER Retrocuspid papillae are found on the: Enamel pearls - CORRECT ANSWER Another name for Enamelomas Primary 2nd molar due to permanent second molar failure to develop - CORRECT ANSWER Which is the most common tooth to be ankylosed Internal Resorption - CORRECT ANSWER 1st evidence of this lesion may appear pink-hued area on crown of tooth parotid duct - CORRECT ANSWER The Stensen's duct is also known as Parotid gland - CORRECT ANSWER Which gland is wrapped around the mandibular rams and secretes saliva through the Stensens duct into the mouth. submandibular duct - CORRECT ANSWER Wharton's duct is also known as the sublingual caruncle - CORRECT ANSWER Wharton's duct secretes saliva from the the submandibular and sublingual glands in the Runs from the DB cusp to the ML cusp - CORRECT ANSWER Where is the oblique ridge on the maxillary first molar?

Dilaceration - CORRECT ANSWER __________________is an abnormal bend in the root or crown of a tooth d) Both A and B are correct answers - CORRECT ANSWER What is the reason for ankylosis? a) delayed eruption of permanent teeth b) delayed shedding of the primary teeth c)delayed eruption of the primary teeth d) Both A and B are correct answers True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F: a Diastema is hereditary Filliform - CORRECT ANSWER Which papillae is most numerous on the tongue?

• Circumvallate
• Fungiform
• Foliate
• Filiform - CORRECT ANSWER What are the 4 types of papillae found on the tongue? de) filiform - CORRECT ANSWER Hair tongue is caused by the elongation of what papillae? a) circumvallate b) Fungiform c) Foliate d) Filiform a) gingivitis - CORRECT ANSWER What factors do not cause flaring of the teeth? a) gingivitis b) tongue thrush c) thumb sucking d) occlusal trauma d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER if a patient has a tongue piercing which of the following can happen due to the piercing:

a) chipped tooth b) Trigeminal neuralgia c) infective endocarditis d) all of the above interproximal caries of anterior teeth not to include incised edge - CORRECT ANSWER Class III caries is one surface pit and fissure caries - CORRECT ANSWER Class 1 caries is inter proximal caries of posteriors - CORRECT ANSWER Class II caries is caries at the gingival third facial or lingual - CORRECT ANSWER Class V caries inter proximal caries to include incisal edge of anterior teeth - CORRECT ANSWER Class IV caries Caries o n the cusp of posterior teeth - CORRECT ANSWER Class VI Caries mesial cusp of Max 1st molar aligns with buccal groove, anterior teeth are malagligned Div. 1 or Div 2 - CORRECT ANSWER Define Class 1 occlusion Mesial cusp of max 1st molar align with buccal groove of mandibular 1st molar - CORRECT ANSWER Define Normal occlusion Mesial cusp of 1st molars sit anterior to buccal groove of mandibular 1st molar - CORRECT ANSWER Define Class II occlusion Mesial cusp of 1sr molar sits posterior to buccal groove of mandibular 1st molar. (Prognathic) - CORRECT ANSWER Class III Occlusion

1. Gingival margin is at the CEJ
2. (edema) Gingival margin significantly covers the CEJ

3. (recession) Gingival margin is significantly apical to the CEJ. - CORRECT ANSWER What are the 3 relationships between the gingival margin and the CEJ?
4. edema
5. tissue overgrowth due to medications
6. fibrous connective tissue caused by long standing inflammation of tisssues - CORRECT ANSWER Reason why gingival margin my be coronal to the CEJ? True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F: when the gingival margin is at the CEJ, No calculation are needed because the probing depth & the clinical attachment level are the same. a radiopaque line that borders the root - CORRECT ANSWER Laminia Dura is seen as True - CORRECT ANSWER T or F: the absence of the lamina dura is a sign of periodontal disease. b) attachment loss - CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following is the BEST proof of the destruction of tissues? a) Bleeding on probing b) attachment loss c) pocket depths greater than 3mm d) gingival recession d) recession , recession is not always due to periodontal disease - CORRECT ANSWER All are signs of periodontal disease except?? a) tooth mobility b) furcation involvement c) Radiographic bone loss d) recession a) 1st statement True, 2nd is true - CORRECT ANSWER Teeth w/ periodontal abscess are vital whereas teeth with a periodical abscess are non-vital.

a) 1st statement True, 2nd is true b) 1st statement True, 2nd is false c) 1st statement False, 2nd is true d) 1st statement false, 2nd is false c) hard palate - CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following is a type of keratinized tissue? a) sulcular epithelium b) junctional epithelium c) hard palate d) soft palate 1st DDS t perform comprehensive exam before beginning treatment - CORRECT ANSWER New patient comes in the office complaining of bleeding and swollen gums, what is the appropriate course of action? the altering of neural pathways that stimulate salivary gland secretion.

• CORRECT ANSWER what is the most common cause of xerostomia? a calcium channel blocker that causes gingival overgrowth - CORRECT ANSWER Procardia (nifedipine) delayed healing - CORRECT ANSWER Corticosteriods & Anti- inflammatory medications can cause gingival hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER Anticonvulsants (dilantin), Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine & verapamil) & Immunosuppressants (cyclosporine) can all cause Treatment for TB patients (think RIPE) - CORRECT ANSWER Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol Close contact of recent TB cases positive skin test immunosuppressed patients - CORRECT ANSWER Who should receive medication for TB?

Hemostasis - CORRECT ANSWER the physiologic process whereby bleeding is halted, thus protecting integrity of the vascular system after tissues injury. Responsible for minimizing blood loss. D) Preservative, prevents oxidation of the vasoconstrictor - CORRECT ANSWER What is the purpose of sodium sulfite in local anesthetics? A) vasoconstrictor B) Reducing agent C) Anesthetic base D) Preservative a) unsteady gait - CORRECT ANSWER Which of the following is NOT a side effect of the recreational use of nitrous oxide? a) unsteady gait b) Loss of feeling in extremities c) hearing loss d) Loss of motor function c) calcium channel blockers - CORRECT ANSWER Which group of antihypertensive drugs is known for causing gingival hyperplasia? a) beta Blockers b) ACE inhibitors c) Calcium channel blockers d) Diuretics d) Dilantin - CORRECT ANSWER All of the following drugs may cause an increased risk of bleeding except? a) aspirin b) warfarin c) ibuprofen d) Dilantin a) Xerostomia - CORRECT ANSWER What is a common side effect of Prozac? a) xerostomia b) prolonged bleeding c) gingival overgrowth d) delayed wound healing

Ala - CORRECT ANSWER Winglike tip of the outer side of each nostril; plural, alae. Angle of the mandible - CORRECT ANSWER the sharp angle of the lower jaw inferior to the ear's lobule Buccal region - CORRECT ANSWER composed of the soft tissues of the cheek Coronoid Notch - CORRECT ANSWER ... Coronoid Process - CORRECT ANSWER ... Articulating surface of the Condyle - CORRECT ANSWER ... Mandible Condyle - CORRECT ANSWER ... External nose - CORRECT ANSWER ... Frontal region - CORRECT ANSWER ... Golden Proportions - CORRECT ANSWER ...set of guidelines for functional and aesthetic purposes that measures the vertical dimension of the face Hyoid bone - CORRECT ANSWER ...bone suspended in the anterior midline of the neck that has many muscle attachemnts Infraorbital region - CORRECT ANSWER ... Labial commissure - CORRECT ANSWER ... Larynx - CORRECT ANSWER ... lymph nodes - CORRECT ANSWER ... madible - CORRECT ANSWER ...

mandibular symphysis - CORRECT ANSWER ... masseter muscle - CORRECT ANSWER ... mental region - CORRECT ANSWER ... naris - CORRECT ANSWER ... Nasal region - CORRECT ANSWER ... nasal septum - CORRECT ANSWER ... Apex of the nose - CORRECT ANSWER ... root of the nose - CORRECT ANSWER ... oral region - CORRECT ANSWER ... orbit - CORRECT ANSWER ... orbital region - CORRECT ANSWER ... parathyroid glands - CORRECT ANSWER ... parotid salivary gland - CORRECT ANSWER ... philtrum - CORRECT ANSWER ... ramus - CORRECT ANSWER ... regions of the face - CORRECT ANSWER ... regions of the neck - CORRECT ANSWER ... Sternocleidomastoid muscle - CORRECT ANSWER ... Sublingual salivary gland - CORRECT ANSWER ...

Submandibular salivary gland - CORRECT ANSWER ... Temporomandibular joint - CORRECT ANSWER ... thyroid cartilage, gland - CORRECT ANSWER ... tubercle of the upper lip - CORRECT ANSWER ... vermilion border - CORRECT ANSWER ... vermilion zone - CORRECT ANSWER ... vertical dimension of the face - CORRECT ANSWER ... zygomatic arch - CORRECT ANSWER ... zygomatic region - CORRECT ANSWER ... Alveolar mucosa - CORRECT ANSWER ... alveolar processes - CORRECT ANSWER ... alveous - CORRECT ANSWER ...Socket of the tooth alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER ... anterior faucial pillar - CORRECT ANSWER ... anterior teeth - CORRECT ANSWER ... buccal - CORRECT ANSWER ... buccal fat pad - CORRECT ANSWER ...Pad of underlying adipose connective tissue at the posterior portion of each vestibule. canine eminence - CORRECT ANSWER ... canines - CORRECT ANSWER ...

cementum - CORRECT ANSWER ...outermost layer of the root of a tooth circumvallate lingual papillae - CORRECT ANSWER ... dental arch - CORRECT ANSWER ... dentin - CORRECT ANSWER ... Parotid ducts - CORRECT ANSWER ... sublingual ducts - CORRECT ANSWER ... submandibular ducts - CORRECT ANSWER ... enamel - CORRECT ANSWER ... facial - CORRECT ANSWER ... exostoses - CORRECT ANSWER ...normal variation in bone growths noted usually on the facial surface of the alveolar process of the maxilla bone. facial - CORRECT ANSWER ... fauces - CORRECT ANSWER ... filiform lingual papillae - CORRECT ANSWER ... foliate lingual papillae - CORRECT ANSWER ... Fordyce's spots - CORRECT ANSWER ... foramen cecum - CORRECT ANSWER ... fungiform lingual pappillae - CORRECT ANSWER ... incisive papilla - CORRECT ANSWER ...

attached gingiva - CORRECT ANSWER ... interdental gingiva - CORRECT ANSWER ... marginal gingiva - CORRECT ANSWER ... gingival sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER ... incisors - CORRECT ANSWER ... labial frenum - CORRECT ANSWER ... laryngopharynx - CORRECT ANSWER ... linea alba - CORRECT ANSWER ... lingual papillae - CORRECT ANSWER ... lingual tonsil - CORRECT ANSWER ... lingual frenum - CORRECT ANSWER ... madible - CORRECT ANSWER ... mandibular teeth - CORRECT ANSWER ... mandbular torus, tori (plural) - CORRECT ANSWER ... mastication - CORRECT ANSWER ... maxilla - CORRECT ANSWER ... maxillary sinuses - CORRECT ANSWER ... maxillary teeth - CORRECT ANSWER ... maxillary tuberosity - CORRECT ANSWER ...

median lingual sulcus - CORRECT ANSWER ... median palatine raphe - CORRECT ANSWER ... melanin pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER ...localized macules of pigmentation caused bo the presence of melanin. molars - CORRECT ANSWER ... mucobuccal fold - CORRECT ANSWER ... mucogingival junction - CORRECT ANSWER ... mucosa, buccal, labial, oral - CORRECT ANSWER ... nasopharynx - CORRECT ANSWER ... oral cavity proper - CORRECT ANSWER ... oropharynx - CORRECT ANSWER ... palatal - CORRECT ANSWER ... palate, hard, soft - CORRECT ANSWER ... palatine tonsils - CORRECT ANSWER ... palatine rugae - CORRECT ANSWER ... parotid papilla - CORRECT ANSWER ... parotid salivary gland - CORRECT ANSWER ... periodontal ligament - CORRECT ANSWER ...(PDL) ligament surrounding the teeth that supports and attaches the teeth to the bony surface of the alveoli.

permanent teeth - CORRECT ANSWER ... plica fimbriate - CORRECT ANSWER ... posterior teeth and faucial pillar - CORRECT ANSWER ... premolars - CORRECT ANSWER ... primary teeth - CORRECT ANSWER ... pterygomandibular fold - CORRECT ANSWER ... pulp - CORRECT ANSWER ...Soft innermost connective tissue in both the crown and root of the tooth retromolar pad - CORRECT ANSWER ... submandibular salivary glands - CORRECT ANSWER ... sublingual salivary glands - CORRECT ANSWER ... sublingual fold - CORRECT ANSWER ... sulcus terminalis - CORRECT ANSWER ... taste buds - CORRECT ANSWER ... tongue, apex, base, body, dorsal, lateral, ventral - CORRECT ANSWER ... uvula of the palate - CORRECT ANSWER ...midline muscular structure that hangs down from the posterior margin o fthe soft palate. vestibular fornix - CORRECT ANSWER ... vestibules - CORRECT ANSWER ... amniocentesis - CORRECT ANSWER ..., A technique of prenatal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid, obtained by aspiration from a needle

inserted into the uterus, is analyzed to detect certain genetic and congenital defects in the fetus amniotic cavity - CORRECT ANSWER ...fluid filled cavity that faces the epiblast layer bilaminar embryonic disc - CORRECT ANSWER ...Second week of prenatal development the start of the embryonic period. The bilaminar embryonic disk is eventually developed from the blastocyst. This bilaminar disc has a superior epiblast layer and an inferior hypblast layer. The superior epiblast layer is composed of High columnar cells, and the inferior hypoblast layer is composed of small cuboidal cells.High columnar cells face the amniotic cavitySmall cuboidal cells face the yolk sak bilateral symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER ...The primitave streak causes the disc to divide into a right and left half, so that each half mirrors the other half of the embryo. blastocyst - CORRECT ANSWER ...Structure during prenatal development consiting of trophoblast cells and an inner mass of cells that develop into the embryo. After initial cleavage, the solid ball of cells is known as a morula. Because of the ongoing process of mitosis and secretion of fluid by the cells within the morula, the zygote becomes a vesicle known as a blastocyst, or blastula. 5 days from zygote to blastocyst. caudal end - CORRECT ANSWER ..., tail cephalic end - CORRECT ANSWER ..., head central nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER ...later part of 3 weeks the CNS begins to develop. Many steps occur during this week to form the beginnings of the spinal cord and brain. cleavage - CORRECT ANSWER ...Mitosis, or individual cell division, or cleavage.

cloacal membrane - CORRECT ANSWER ...Week 3-at the caudal end, the cloacal membrane forms. This is the location of the future anus, the terminal end of the digestive tract. Similar to the oropharyngeal membrane, the cloacal membrane consists of only two embryonci layers, without any mesoderm. congenital malformations - CORRECT ANSWER ...birth defects that are developmental problems evident at birth. cytodifferentiation - CORRECT ANSWER ...Development of different cell types. differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER ...change in the embryonic cells, which are genetically identical but become quite distinct structurally and functionally. down syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER ...Developmental defect, also called trisomy 21, in which an extra copy of chromosome no. 21 is present. ectoderm - CORRECT ANSWER ...layer in the trilaminar embryonic disk derived from the epiblast layer and lining the stomodeum. ectodermal dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER ...Syndrome involving abnormal development of one or more ectodermal structures, including anodontia. ectopic pregnancy - CORRECT ANSWER Implantation occurring outside the uterus... embryo - CORRECT ANSWER structure derived from the implated blastocyst.... embryoblast layer - CORRECT ANSWER small inner mass of embryonic cells int eh blastocyst.... embryology - CORRECT ANSWER study of prenatal development...

embryoblast layer - CORRECT ANSWER small inner mass of embryonic cells in the blastocyst.... embryonic cell layers, folding, period of prenatal development - CORRECT ANSWER ... endoderm - CORRECT ANSWER ...With three layers presnt, the bilaminar disc has become thickened into a trilaminar embryonic dis. thus the trilaminar disc has three embryonic layers, or germ layers--hypoblast layer is now considered endoderm. epiblast layer - CORRECT ANSWER Is composed of high columnar cells and located in the bilamminar disc toward the amniotic cavity fertilization - CORRECT ANSWER At the beginning of the first week, a woman's ovum is penetrated by and united with a man's sperm during fertilization. This union subsequently forms a fertilized egg, or zygote.... fetal alcohol syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER Is an example fo the result of a teratogenic drug effect during the embryonic period. Ethanol ingested by a prgnant woman easily rosses the placenta and can result in prenatal and postnatal growth fdeficiency, mental retardation, and other anomalies. An affected child may have a cluster of facial changes, such as small head cerumference, a low nasal bridge, a short nose,a small midface, widely spaced eyes with epicanthic folds and eyelid fissures, and indistinct philtrum and a thin upper lip. fetal period of prenatal development - CORRECT ANSWER ...Week 9 through the ninth month. Embryo to fetus. Maturation of existing structures. fetus - CORRECT ANSWER ...Structure of the fetal period of prenatal developemnt derived from the enlarged embryo. foregut - CORRECT ANSWER ...After folding of the disc, the endoderm lies inside the ectoderm, with mesoderm filling in the areas between

these two layers. This forms one long, hollow tube lined by endoderm from the cephalic end to the caudal end of the embryo specifically, from the oropharyngeal membrane to the cloacal membrane. This tube is the future digestive tract and is separated into three major regions: the foregut, the midgut, and the hindgut. The anterior portion of this tube is the foregut which forms the primitve pharynx, or throat, and includes a portion of the primitive yolk sac as it becomes enclosed with folding. fusion - CORRECT ANSWER During prenatal development, the joining of embryonic tissues of two separate surfaces, the elimination of a groove between two adjacent swellings, or a dental developmental disturbance in which two adjacent tooth germs unite to form a large tooth... appositional growth - CORRECT ANSWER ...Layered formation of a firm or hard tissue such as cartilage, bone, enamel, dentin, and cementum. interstitial growth - CORRECT ANSWER Growth that occurs from ddep within a tissue or organ... hindgut - CORRECT ANSWER Posterior portion of the future digestive tract... histodifferentiation - CORRECT ANSWER development of different tissues hypoblast layer - CORRECT ANSWER ... induction - CORRECT ANSWER process by which the action of one group of cells on another leads to the establishment of the developmental pathway in the responding tissue... karyotype - CORRECT ANSWER photographic analysis of a person's chromosomes.... maturation - CORRECT ANSWER ...attainment of the correct adult size as well as the correct adult form and function, such as that which

occurs with the hard dental tissues when they are fully calcified or when the embryo becomes a fetus. meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER process of reproductive cell production that ensures the correct number of chromosomes for the future embryo. mesenchyme - CORRECT ANSWER embryonic connective tissue mesoderm - CORRECT ANSWER embryonic layer located between the ectoderm and endoderm... midgut - CORRECT ANSWER middle portion of the futref digestive tract... mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER Portion of cell division that occurs in phases and results in two daughter cells that are identical...Accurs after fertilizaition morphodifferrentiation - CORRECT ANSWER Development of the differing form that will create a specfic structure. morphogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER Process of development of specific tissue morphology... morphology - CORRECT ANSWER ...Form of a structure neural crest cells - CORRECT ANSWER Specialized group of cells developed from neuroectoderm that migrate from the crests of the neural folds and disperse to specific sites within the mesenchyme. They also influence a specal type of mesenchyme, the ectomesenchyme, to form dental tissues. neural folds - CORRECT ANSWER Raised ridges in the neural plate that surround the deepening neural groove. neural groove - CORRECT ANSWER Groove resulting from further growth and thickening of the neural plate.

neural plate - CORRECT ANSWER Centralized band of cells that extends the length of the embryo. neural tube - CORRECT ANSWER Tube formed when the neural folds meet and fuse superior to the neural groove. neuroectoderm - CORRECT ANSWER Specialized group of cells that differentiates from the ectoderm oropharyngeal membrane - CORRECT ANSWER Membrane at the cephalic end of the embryo that is the location of the future primitive mouth. ovum - CORRECT ANSWER Female reproductive cell or egg, which can be fertilized. placenta - CORRECT ANSWER Temporary prenatal organ that provides nutrition and axygen to the develping embryo, rmoves wastes, and produces the hormones related to pregnancy. preimplantation period of prenatal development - CORRECT ANSWER The first 7 days after fertilization. Period of the unattached conceptus that takes place during the first week of prenatal develpment. prenatal development - CORRECT ANSWER Processesthat occur from the start of pregnancy to birth of the child. primitive streak - CORRECT ANSWER Furrowed, rod-shaped thickening in the middle fo the embryonic disc. primordium - CORRECT ANSWER Earliest indication of a part or an organ during prenatal development proliferation - CORRECT ANSWER controlled cellular growth. somites - CORRECT ANSWER Paired cupodal aggregates of cells differentiated from the mesoderm.

sperm - CORRECT ANSWER Cell containing the male contribution of chromosomal info that fertilizes the female ovum during the preimplatation period syphilis spirochete - CORRECT ANSWER Treponema pallidum, which is an infective teratogen for an embryo because it produces defects int eh incisors and molars, as well as other generalized defects. rubella virus - CORRECT ANSWER Infective teratogen transmitted by way of the placenta to the embryo from the pregnant woman. teratogens - CORRECT ANSWER Enviromental agents or factors such as infections, drugs, and radiation that can cause malformations tetracycline staining - CORRECT ANSWER intrinsic staining of the teeth resulting ffom ingestion of the antibiotic tetracycline during the time of enamel and dentin development trilaminar embryonic disk - CORRECT ANSWER embryonic disc with 3 distinct layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. trophoblast layer - CORRECT ANSWER layer of peripheral cells of the blastocyst. yolk sac - CORRECT ANSWER Fluid-filled cavity that faces the hypoblast layer. zygote - CORRECT ANSWER The fertilized egg resulting from the union of ovum and sperm. ankyloglossia - CORRECT ANSWER lingual frenum that is abnormally short, extends to the tongue apex, and possibly restricts tongue movement. branchial arches - CORRECT ANSWER 6 stacked bilateral swellings of tissue that appear inferior to the stomodeum and include the mandibular arch.

cleft palate - CORRECT ANSWER Developmental disturbance owiing to faiure of fusion of hte palatal shelves with the primary palate or with each other. cleft uvula - CORRECT ANSWER Mildest form of cleft palate copula - CORRECT ANSWER Pair of posterior swellings formed from the third and fourth branchial arches, which overgrow the second arches to form the base of the tongue. epiglottic swelling - CORRECT ANSWER posterior swelling that develops from the 4th branchial arches and marks the development of the future epiglottis. foramen cecum - CORRECT ANSWER Small pitlike depression located where the sulcus terminalis points backward toward the pharynx. intermaxillary segment - CORRECT ANSWER Fused internal and inferior growth from the paired medial nasal processes on the inside of the stomodeum of the embryo. lateral lingual swellings - CORRECT ANSWER Portions of the developing tongue that form on each side of the tuberculum impar. palatal shelves - CORRECT ANSWER two processes derived from the maxillary processes during prenatal development primary palate - CORRECT ANSWER Anterior portion o fhte final palate derived from the intermaxillary segment during prenatal development secondary palate - CORRECT ANSWER Posterior portion of the final palate formed by the fusion of the two palatal shelves. sulcus terminalis - CORRECT ANSWER V-shaped groove located posteriorly on the dorsal surface of the tongue. tuberculum impar - CORRECT ANSWER Primitive tongue (initial portions fo the developing tongue.