Dental Procedures and Terminology - Prof. Tate, Exams of Nursing

Download Dental Procedures and Terminology - Prof. Tate and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Dental Hygiene Prometric Exam, CSCE, CSCE, 2 Dental Hygiene Prometric 2, Computer Simulated Dental Hygiene Exam, Dental Hygiene Prometric Exam CDCA, Dental Hygiene Computer Simulated Case Test Questions And Answers What is an oral side effect of Prozac? ANS xerostomia How do steroids effect wound healing? ANS causes delayed wound healing What should be done with a patient with a previous history of high blood pressure and comes in for their appointment with reading of 160/116? ANS refer the patient to their physician immediately Premedication regimine ANS 2g Amoxicillin 600 mg Clindamycin Patient comes in for appointment who needs premed, and they took 300 mg 1 hour prior to their appointment. What would you do? ANS administer another 300 mg and wait 1 hr prior to treatment (because their clindamycin premed is 600mg 1hr prior to treatment) What is a PAN used for? ANS - look at location of 3rd molars - impactions - pathology - NOT FOR BONE LOSS Items containing fluoride? ANS - tea - pork - fish What type of water does not contain fluoride? ANS well water Know the papilla of the tongue ANS - filiform (most numerous, very small) - fungiform (mushroom shape, contain taste buds) - circumvallate (larger mushroom shaped, contain taste buds, on anterior side of sulcus terminalis) - foliate (leaf shaped, lateral border of tongue) What is hairy tongue caused by? ANS elongation of the filiform papillae Delayed eruption may be caused by ANS delayed exfoliation Identify mandibular canal radiographically ANS radiolucent, long dark area outlined with dense cortical bone, located above or parallel to the inferior border of the mandible What is thickened lamina dura caused by? is this appearance normal? ANS - caused by trauma - not normal Know film errors ANS - elongation: too little vertical angulation - foreshortening: too much vertical angulation - cone cut: PID not aligned with censor - overlap: incorrect horizontal angulation Identify median rhomboid glossitis ANS rhombus shaped, central denuded area of the tongue with red appearance What is the treatment for black hair tongue? ANS brush it What is a vitality test used for? ANS testing to see if the pulp is vital or not (applying cold air on cotton swap and pushing it against the tooth; if the pulp is vital it hurts, if its necrotic you would not feel anything) What are Hutchinson's incisors caused by? ANS Syphillis, NOT biting on bobby pins Identify lingual varicosities.. are they normal? ANS yes they're normal What does procardia cause intraorally? ANS gingival enlargement What would mandibular anterior, facial, bright pink and enlarged gingiva indicate? ANS pregnancy gingivitis Are bifurcated mandibular premolars normal? ANS yes What drink can cause facial erosion? ANS fruit juice What does median rhomboid glossitis look like? ANS red lump in center of posterior portion of tongue What is the treatment for median rhomboid glossitis? ANS antifungals Know what cross bite looks like ANS ... Know classes of occlusion ANS Class I: mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar occludes with buccal groove of mandibular first molar Class II: buccal groove of mandibular first molar is distal to the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary fits molar Class III: buccal groove of mandibular first molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar Why would there be a white triangle covering all the mandibular anteriors and chin on a PAN? ANS If the mouth looks smiley then the chin was too low, if the mouth looked frowning then the chin was too high FDA regulates ANS fluoride content in bottled water medications that cause increased bleeding? ANS anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin), antiplatelets (aspirin, plavix), blood modifiers (xarelto, eliquis, pradaxa) medications that cause gingival hyperplasia? ANS - anti-seizure: Dilantin - calcium channel blockers: Norvask, Procardia (used to control BP) - Cyclosporine (used an immunosuppressant) Determine age of patient by teeth present ANS ... Determine which tooth is present in mixed dentition ANS ... distinguishing between between leukoplakia and candida? ANS candida wipes off but leukoplakia doesn't clinical pictures of fluorosis, abrasion, pyogenic granuloma, redness on palate, what are some likely causes? ANS ill-fitting denture, tobacco, stain, linea alba a patient on an anti-hypertensive is most likely to experience what problem in the dental chair? ANS orthostatic hypotension what causes a diastema? ANS genetics x-ray pit falls ANS - patient moves - cone moves - film moves aspirin burn ANS - chemical injury - white plaque lesion - can be wiped off - leaving a bleeding raw base - will heal once chemical is removed amelogenesis imperfecta ANS - enamel is found to be defective - discolorations, pitting, thinner enamel, "flakes off" - etiology: genetics - defect in the mineralization, deposition, and hardening of enamel layers mucogingival junction ANS - sharply defined scalloped junction between pinker attached gingiva and redder alveolar mucosa enamel projection (enamel pearl) ANS - misplaced ameloblasts migrate to the root area - produces enamel pearl on CEJ or furcation area pyogenic granuloma ANS - benign - tissue response to trauma, local irritation, hormonal changes - appear in pregnancy due to increase in hormones - puberty and pregnancy - composed of hyper plastic granulation tissue etiology of diastema? ANS genetic when do maxillary centrals erupt? ANS 7-8 when do mandibular centrals erupt? ANS 6-7 when do maxillary laterals erupt? ANS 8-9 when do mandibular laterals erupt? ANS 7-8 when do maxillary canines erupt? ANS 11-12 when do mandibular canines erupt? ANS 9-10 when do maxillary first premolars erupt? ANS 10-11 when do mandibular first premolars erupt? ANS 10-12 when should spore test biological monitoring be done? ANS 1 week which tooth will replace the primary second molar? ANS permanent second premolar when the gingival margin is at the CEJ what calculation is needed to calculate the CAL? ANS none, the CAL is the same as the prime depth Tooth #24 has a 6mm pocket with 2 mm of recession, what is the CAL? ANS 8 mm what tooth will replace tooth K? ANS #20 Teeth with a periodontal abscess are vital whereas teeth with a periapical abscess are non-vital, T or F? ANS True An irritation fibroma is composed of ANS dense fibrous connective tissue and giant cells In periodontal disease, the lamina dura is ANS - thinner - the thin radiopaque line that lines the tooth root - the lamina dura is thicker when the tooth is erupting - thinning or absence of it is a sign of periodontal disease What medications do NOT cause xerostomia? ANS antitussives What does not matter regarding a mask? ANS HEPA filter How long should you flush your lines between patients? ANS 20 seconds Dens-invaginatus ANS occur mainly on mandibular premolars remember "invag" = "inside" the tooth Periodontal probe that is taking a measurement but is not perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth ANS checking a furcation- nabers probe What dose it mean if panoramic radiograph is darker on one side? ANS exposing it to light concrescence ANS condition where the cementum overlying the roots of at least two teeth join together cyclosporine causes ANS gingival enlargement PAN radiograph of tooth #3 and you see a ghost image of anterior teeth ANS double exposed palatine fovea or fovea palatinii ANS Two orifices one each side of the midline, distal to the vibrating line. They act as collecting ducts for a group of minor palatine salivary glands hypodontia ANS having less than 6 congenitally missing teeth oligodontia ANS having 6 or more congenitally missing teeth Leukoedema ANS appears as a filmy, opaque, white to slate gray discoloration of mucosa, chiefly buccal mucosa,It is stated to be seen in 90% of Blacks Nikolsky's sign ANS Fragile mucosa may be induced to blister or slough when pressure is applied sign is particularly useful in differentiating pemphigus vulgaris, which causes a positive sign, from bullous pemphigoid, in which the sign is usually absent. Ankylosis ANS of primary molars has been reported to be associated with various anomalies in permanent dentition, is usually associated with hypodontia and occurs most time when a tooth fails to exfoliate. median rhomboid glossitis ANS fungal condition treated with an antifungal drug. It is a form of chronic atrophic candidiasis characterized by an asymptomatic, elongated, erythematous patch of atrophic mucosa of the posterior mid-dorsal surface of the tongue due to a chronic Candida infection Does the FDA regulate fluoride in bottled water? ANS Yes. The federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act provides FDA with broad regulatory authority over food, including bottled water, that is introduced or delivered for interstate commerce (produced and sold in more than one state). Bottled water that is in intrastate commerce (produced and sold only in one state) is under the jurisdiction of the state in which the bottled water is produced and sold. You need to contact the manufacturer to ask if their product is under FDA jurisdiction or state jurisdiction. Does the EPA have jurisdiction over the quality of bottled water? ANS The EPA does not have jurisdiction over the quality of bottled water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the FDA have a 1979 Memorandum of Agreement specifying that the EPA regulates safe drinking water in accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act, and the FDA regulates bottled water as a consumer beverage under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Federal Register, Volume 44, No. 141, July 20, 1979). The FDA has its own regulations on standards of quality, identity, and good manufacturing practices that bottled water must meet. Hemostasis ANS can refer to the physiologic process whereby bleeding is halted, thus protecting the integrity of the vascular system after tissue injury. It is responsible for minimizing blood loss. It is commonly referred to as stoppage of bleeding, however, coagulation is only one type of hemostatic process. Your patient is taking aspirin, and you will be performing scaling and root planing on 2 quadrants with local anesthetic and placing 3 sites of Arestin. What could be a possible problem? ANS prolonged bleeding Prozac causes ANS xerostomia Claritin causes ANS xerostomia Cyclosporine causes ANS gingival enlargement parasympathetic nerves (cholinergic action) ANS produces an increase in fluid volume (serous saliva). sympathetic nerves (sympathomimetic action) ANS produces less volume and viscous saliva drugs that have an anticholinergic action ANS reduce the volume of serous saliva, including antihypertensives, antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiemetics, antispasmotics, and anti- parkinsonian drugs. Periodontal abcess (lateral periodontal cyst) ANS Radiolucency on the lateral side of the tooth Furcation reduces? ANS reduced chance if increased root trunk length What do you check furcation with? ANS Nabor's probe 11/12 13/14 ANS Mesial, distal Ultrasonic instruments are generally contraindicated with dental implants. Ultrasonic scalers may disrupt the titanium oxide surface. If needed, tips should be covered with plastic inserts. What should be the level? ANS Low setting Anterior open bite is caused from? ANS Thumbsucking Lamina dura that surrounds the root is what with disease? ANS Thinner Lamina dura around molar is? ANS Too thick Why does the tooth not have roots? ANS Not formed yet A scaler with a short tip and contra-angled shank is best for? ANS Posterior deep pockets What is that cottage cheese looking stuff on the teeth? ANS Material alba Do not use APF for? ANS Composite, porcelain, and sealant materials as is causes pitting and roughening. Also, avoid on root surfaces. What treatment is needed for Pyogenic Granuloma? ANS No treatment Diastolic number that is to high to treat is? ANS 100 We will not treat a diabetic patient due to? ANS If patient has not eaten What is contraindicated for COPD ANS No trendelenburg positon Treatment for fordyce granules ANS No treatment Epstein-barr virus is the same as ANS Infectious mononucleosis Chickenpox and shingles comes from what virus? ANS Varicella-zoster virus Epstein-barr virus symptoms ANS Symptoms include sore throat, fever, extreme fatigue, lymphadenopathy, etc. can appear 4-6 weeks after the infection First thing to do in an medical emergency ANS Check pulse Blood pressure over 180/100 ANS Recheck blood pressure in 5 minutes. If still elevated, immediate medical attention is needed Emphysema patients may not be able to breathe easily in supine position need? ANS Supplemental oxygen What is parotid pipilla? ANS small elevation at the opening of the parotid salivary gland duct, opposite of maxillary second molars. Afterr you dismiss your patient and you are transferring and processing instruments, all are required but: ANS Wear mask and safety glasses No regular exam gloves Which side of the instrument is placed on the stone for sharpening? ANS Junction of the face and lateral surface Chlorhexidine is? ANS 0.12% Probe at the facial of the molar is looking for? ANS Furcation A pateint who is going thtough hypoglycemia needs? ANS Glucose tablet Median rhomboid glottis is treated with? ANS Anti-fungal medication The teeth look longer than normal. What should the clinician do to prevent such errors next time? ANS Increase vertical angulation What needs a pre-med? ANS Artificial heart valve Which of the following medications does NOT cause xerostomia? ANS Anti-tussives- tranquilizers what heart conditions require premed? a: anything repaired b: artificial heart valves c: hx of infectious endocarditis d: heart transplant ANS all of above What do you use as premed and how much ANS Amoxicillin, 2000 mg how long before appointment should pre med be taken ANS 30 minutes-1 hour when do you premed for joints? ANS less than 2 years, previous infection, multiple replacements what do you use as premed if you are allergic to amoxicillin ANS cephalexin, clindamycin a: foam fluoride b: varnish c: home fluoride d: fluoride gel ANS b: varnish has highest PPM what do you do if elderly patients BP is 153/120? ANS Recheck B.P. in 5 minutes, consult M.D. immediately, do not perform dental tx until elevated pressure decreases. free gingiva is area from ______ to _______ ANS free gingival groove, top of gingiva (free gingival margin) neurofibroma ANS benign nerve sheath tumor derived from myelin sheath of peripheral nerves neuroma ANS tumor of neural tissue what % of alcohol in hand disinfection solution to use in dental office? ANS 60% median rhomboid glossitis is ANS chronic fungal (candidiasis) infection treatment for median rhomboid glossitis ANS none difference between pyogenic granulomas and peripheral giant cell granulomas ANS peripheral: more blue in comparison, usually less than 2 cm pyogenic: small, reddish bumps that bleed easily peripheral gian cell granuloma location ANS exclusivey on gingiva due to irritation or trauma mucocele ANS mucous cyst. painless. thin sac, fluid filled mucocele location ANS inner surface of lips ranula ANS swelling of connective tissue. caused by local trauma to salivary gland duct ranula location ANS floor of mouth how do you know if its amelogenisis imperfecta on a radiograph ANS snow capped white teeth how do you know if its dentinogenesis imperfecta on a radiograph ANS bulbous crowns with short slender roots and absent pulp chambers and root canal. dentiogenesis imperfecta color clinically ANS grey to yellowish brown amelogenisis imperfecta color clinically ANS yellow or brown. pitting of enamel CAMBRA ANS Caries Management by Risk Assessment what is CAMBRA ANS methodology of identifying cause of disease through assessment of risk factors if a patient has a tongue piercing, all of the following can happen: a: chipped tooth b: trigeminal neuralgia c: infective endocarditis ANS all if a patient has gingivitis, the reason for the edema (bleeding) is due to a: inorganic irritant b: organic irritant c: toxins produced from biofilm d: acids produced by biofilm ANS c, toxins inorganic components of plaque are ANS think IN which elements are IN the periodic table phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and fluoride organic components of plaque are ANS lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. people who want to eat organic foods are concerned about carbs, fats and proteins. what plaque component causes caries ANS acids produced by biofilm washing your hands between patients should be done for a: 10 seconds b: 15 seconds c: 30 seconds d: 45 seconds ANS b: 15-20 seconds what causes angular cheilitis ANS candida albicans (involved in the sores) riboflavin (b2) deficiency iron deficiency anemia which disease should you be on the lookout for when angular cheilitis is present ANS celiac disease, anorexia nerves and/or bulimia nervosa Leukoplakia, snuff cratosis and aspirin burn can or cannot be wiped off? ANS cannot pseudomembranous candidiasis is distinguished clinically by ANS white curds that can be wiped off lightly with gauze MRSA ANS methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus what antibiotic is used to treat MRSA ANS vancomycin +bactrim and Septra what side of instrument is placed on the stone for sharpening? edentulous patient with big ulcer on palate is due to irritation or apthous ulcer? ANS irritation superimposition of a radiograph ANS same as double exposure. results when men 2 images appear superimposed onto each other bc it has been exposed twice oblique ridge on maxillary first molar ANS runs from DB cusp to ML cusp penumbra ANS blurred edge to an image how often to patients need to sign HIPPA form a: every year b: every 3 years c: every 5 years d: just once ANS d: just once but must be provided copies of it every 3 years what is not caused by tongue piercing? a: bacteremia b: fractured tooth c: trigeminal neuralgia d: recession ANS a: bacteremia best way to sharpen an instrument to preserve the blade? a: sharpen the whole lateral surface b: honing c: dry stone d: water with stone ANS d: water with stone what would you not use for heavy deposits? a: sickle b: graceys c: ultrasonic scaler d: piezo scaler ANS b: graceys. they are considered for fine scaling if you see a photo of something in the mouth that can't be wiped off, its most likely a: aspirin burn b: pipe tobacco c: chewing tobacco d: mouthwash astringent ANS a: aspirin burn what to do if patient had an asthma attack in the chair ANS 1: inhaler, 2: epi, 3: oxygen. in that order supererupted tooth that has caries on messiah surface, what would be the cause ANS overhanging restoration, and/or tooth not having an antagonist how do you treat MRSA if patient is allergic to penicillin ANS vacomycin + bactrim BWX, and see permanent premolars erupting and primary molars have exfoliated or are really close, then the approximate age is ANS 10-12 years old ultrasonics are __________ and move in an _____________ pattern ANS magnetostrictive, elliptical (all sides are active) piezo instruments are ______________ and only the ____________ are active ANS linear, lateral sides how many hours for cold sterilization? ANS 8-10 hours if patient comes into office due to gum inflammation issues, what is first step ANS have dentist do complete evaluation before performing any treatment is heart rate fast or slow for hypoglycemia? ANS fast pulse, dizziness and fast heart rate hypoglycemia ANS abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet where would you use a gray instrument with a short shank? ANS shallow pockets most important item for decay is ANS acid! not sugar mesenchyme gives rise to all but ANS enamel mesenchyme ANS lacunae are located where ANS compact bone drug of choice for people who are on coumadin (warfarin) ANS acetaminophen (no platelet effect) #8-9 and 1st molars eruption age ANS 6-8 years lower permanent canines eruption age ANS 9-10 years permanent maxillary canines erupt at what age ANS 11-12 premolars erupt at what age ANS 10-12 years 3rd molars at what age ANS 17-21 years vitamin C deals with ANS connective tissues. collagen formation. aids in iron absorption pernicious anemia is related to vitamin ANS b12 code 3 in 2 or more sextants ANS perio assessment of entire mouth code 4 in 1 or more sextants ANS perio assessment of entire mouth picture of lesion on buccal by molars a)papilloma b) traumatic fibroma ANS b: traumatic fibroma. picture of lesion on palate. if lesion has grey area: caused by ANS trauma picture of lesion on palate with red margins, no grey areas, caused by ANS syphilis picture of radiopacity apical to root on radiograph ANS if cementoma is option, that is correct, if periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is option, that's correct do all of the following for patient with COPD EXCEPT a: trendelenburg position b: avoid aerosols c: give frequent breaks d: schedule short appointments ANS a: trendelenburg position Bell's Palsy patient has difficulty: a: swallowing b: closing eyes ANS b: closing eyes how long should sodium fluoride application last? a: 1 min b: 2 min c: 3 min d: 4 min ANS d: 4 minutes what effect do acidulated phosphate fluoride have ANS etches restorations, causing surface roughening or pitting. Pt allergic to penicillin took 300 mg clindamycin 1 hour prior to his appointment. What do you have the patient do? a: take another 300 mg clindamycin b: have him take 2 g amoxicillin 1 hour prior c: clean his teeth ANS a: take another 300 mg clindamycin hypoglycemia characteristics ANS sweating, irritable, anxiety, loss of consciousness, confusion if patient is allergic to penicillin, what do you use as premed? ANS clindamycin What is an oral side effect of Prozac? ANS xerostomia How do steroids effect wound healing? ANS causes delayed wound healing What should be done with a patient with a previous history of high blood pressure and comes in for their appointment with reading of 160/116? ANS refer the patient to their physician immediately What is the pre-medication regimen for Amoxicillin and Clindamycin? ANS 2g Amoxicillin (adults) 600 mg Clindamycin (adults) Patient comes in for appointment who needs a pre-med, and they took 300 mg 1 hour prior to their appointment. What would you do? ANS administer another 300 mg and wait 1 hr prior to treatment (because their Clindamycin pre-med is 600mg 1hr prior to treatment) What is a PAN used for? What is it NOT used for? ANS - look at location of 3rd molars - impactions - pathology - NOT FOR BONE LOSS What are some food items containing fluoride? ANS - tea - pork - fish What type of water does not contain fluoride? ANS well water What are the 4 types of papilla on the tongue? ANS 1. filiform (most numerous, very small) 2. fungiform (mushroom shape, contain taste buds) 3. circumvallate (larger mushroom shaped, contain taste buds, on anterior side of sulcus terminalis) 4. foliate (leaf shaped, lateral border of tongue) What is hairy tongue caused by? ANS elongation of the filiform papillae Delayed eruption may be caused by? ANS delayed exfoliation What does the mandibular canal appear like on a radiograph? ANS radiolucent, long dark area outlined with dense cortical bone, located above or parallel to the inferior border of the mandible What is a thickened lamina dura caused by? Is this appearance normal? ANS - trauma - not normal What are the common film errors? ANS - elongation: too little vertical angulation - foreshortening: too much vertical angulation - cone cut: PID not aligned with sensor - overlap: incorrect horizontal angulation What does median rhomboid glossitis look like? ANS rhombus shaped, central denuded area of the tongue with red appearance What is the treatment for black hairy tongue? ANS brush it Does lingual candidiasis of lateral tongue wipe off? ANS yes What does leukoedema look like? ANS white spot of buccal mucosa disappears when the cheek is stretched What type of drug is Procardia? ANS calcium channel blocker What is Procardia used for? ANS high blood pressure What does Procardia cause intraorally? ANS gingival enlargement What would mandibular anterior, facial, bright pink and enlarged gingiva indicate? ANS pregnancy gingivitis Are bifurcated mandibular premolars normal? ANS yes What drink can cause facial erosion? ANS fruit juice What does median rhomboid glossitis look like? ANS red lump in center of posterior portion of tongue What is the treatment for median rhomboid glossitis? ANS antifungals What does crossbite look like? ANS mandibular teeth are more buccal than maxillary teeth What are the 3 classes of occlusion? ANS Class I: mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar occludes with buccal groove of mandibular first molar Class II: buccal groove of mandibular first molar is distal to the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar Class III: buccal groove of mandibular first molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal cusp of maxillary first molar On a panoramic, if the mouth looks like a large smile, then the chin was too ____; if the mouth looks like a frown, then the chin was too _____. ANS low high What does the FDA regulate? ANS fluoride content in bottled water What are the medications that cause increased bleeding? ANS 1. anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin) 2. antiplatelets (aspirin, plavix) 3. blood modifiers (xarelto, eliquis, pradaxa) What are the medications that cause gingival hyperplasia? ANS - anti-seizure: Dilantin - calcium channel blockers: Norvask, Procardia (used to control BP) - Cyclosporine (used an immunosuppressant) What are the permanent eruption years? ANS 6-7: mandibular centrals, 1st molars 7-8: maxillary centrals, mandibular laterals 8-9: maxillary laterals 9-10: mandibular canines 10-12: maxillary canines, premolars 11-13: second molars 17-21: third molars What is the distinguishing factor between between leukoplakia and candida? ANS candida wipes off but leukoplakia does not A patient presents with fluorosis, abrasion, pyogenic granuloma, and redness on palate. What are some likely causes? ANS ill-fitting denture, tobacco, stain, linea alba A patient on an anti-hypertensive is most likely to experience what problem in the dental chair? ANS orthostatic hypotension What causes a diastema? ANS genetics What are some common x-ray mistakes? ANS - patient moves - cone moves - film moves What does an aspirin burn appear as? ANS - chemical injury - white plaque lesion - can be wiped off - leaving a bleeding raw base - will heal once chemical is removed Amelogenesis imperfecta: - enamel is found to be _____ - appears as ____, ____, ____ enamel then "____ off" - etiology: ____ - defect in the _____, ____, and ___ of enamel layers ANS defective discolorations pitting thinner flakes genetics mineralization deposition hardening What is the mucogingival junction? ANS sharply defined scalloped junction between pinker attached gingiva and redder alveolar mucosa What is an enamel projection (enamel pearl)? ANS misplaced ameloblasts migrate to the root area produces enamel pearl on CEJ or furcation area How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 3-6 year old in a community with 0.3-.0.6 ppm in their water? ANS 0.25 mg/day How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 3-6 year old in a community with more than 0.6 ppm in their water? ANS none How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 6-16 year old in a community with less than 0.3 ppm in their water? ANS 1 mg/day How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 6-16 year old in a community with 0.3-0.6 ppm in their water? ANS 0.50 mg/day How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 6-16 year old in a community with more than 0.6 ppm in their water? ANS none What is a complication with high blood pressure medications? ANS orthostatic hypotension Dens-invaginatus occurs mainly on the mandibular _____. ANS premolars remember "invag" = "inside" the tooth Which is a periodontal probe checking that takes a measurement, but is not perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth? ANS furcation- nabors probe Examples of regulated biohazard waste ANS Sharps, items that drip of saturated blood and/or saliva Safety Data Sheets ANS Provide the employee with information regarding the hazards of chemicals utilized in the office and how to protect themselves from these hazards Aersol ANS Invisible airborne particles Spatter ANS Visible airborne particles of blood and/or saliva Disinfectants ANS Kill or inactivate MOST pathogenic microbes, NOT spores Chlorine-base compound ANS Corrosive to metals; strong odor Iodophors ANS Can discolor some surfaces yellow Phenols ANS May leave film or residue on surfaces Quarternary compounds ANS Not corrosive, but have a lower kill spectrum Used in dental offices, must kill TB organism ANS Intermediate level of surface disinfectant Sterilization ANS Kills ALL pathogenic microbes, including spores 273º for 20 minutes with a pressure of kPa/25psi ANS Chemical recommended minimum temperature May damage rubber and plastic items ANS Chemical considerations Geobacillus stearothermophilus ANS Spore test for chemical 340º for 1 hour or 320º for 2 hours ANS Dry heat recommended minimum temperature Recommended for metal instruments, avoid paper products, may damage rubber and plastic items ANS Dry heat considerations Bacillus atrophaeus ANS Spore test for dry heat 250º with 15 or 20 lbs for 30 minutes ANS Steam recommended minimum sterilization Corrodes non-stainless (carbon) steel instruments, dulls instruments, OK for some plastics ANS Steam considerations Geobacillus stearothermophilus ANS Spore test for steam Class I (G.V Black Classification for Caries and Restorations) ANS Pits and fissures Class II (G.V Black Classification for Caries and Restorations) ANS Proximal surface of posterior teeth Class III (G.V Black Classification for Caries and Restorations) ANS Proximal surface of anterior teeth Class IV (G.V Black Classification for Caries and Restorations) ANS Proximal surface of anterior teeth including incisal edge Class V (G.V Black Classification for Caries and Restorations) ANS Root caries Class VI (G.V Black Classification for Caries and Restorations) ANS Incisal edge or cusp tips Class I (Angle's classification) ANS Normal; mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar is positioned in the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar Class II (Angle's classification) ANS (Retrognathic) Buccal groove of the mandiublar first permanent molar is distal to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar Class II Div I (Angle's classification) ANS Retruded mandible with one or more maxillary anterior teeth protruded facially Class II Div II (Angle's classification) ANS Retruded mandible with one or more maxillary anterior teeth inclined lingually Class III ANS (Prognathic) Buccal groove of the mandibular first molar is mesial to the mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar Fones (Pedo patient) ANS Position bristles perpendicular to crown of teeth; brush in circular motion Charters (Ortho patient) ANS Place bristles 45º towards occlusal/incisal plane; move bristles in several small rotary motions keeping in contact with gingival margin Interdental brush ANS Open proximal spaces, exposed class IV furcation Tufted brush ANS Open proximal spaces, hard to access area, fixed prostheses Toothpick holder (Perio aid) ANS Exposed class IV furcations, interdental cleaning, gingival margin above orthodontic appliances Wedge stimulator ANS Use in interdental areas with exposed root surfaces (recession) Floss holder ANS Recommended for those who are physically challenged and caregivers providing oral hygiene care Tufted floss ANS Can use under pontic(s) of bridges or othodontic appliances Oral irrigator ANS Disrupts loosely adherent plaque and flushes debris and food particles around orthodontic appliances Fluoride ANS Caries (active ingredient) Pyrophosphates ANS Tartar-control (active ingredient) Potassium nitrate, strontium chloride, sodium citrate ANS Antihypersensitivity (active ingredient) Triclosan ANS Antibacterial (active ingredient) Carbamide peroxide or hydrogen peroxide ANS Whitening (active ingredient) 1-2 ANS All anterior teeth 5-6 ANS Anterior and premolars; buccal/linguals of posterior teeth 7-8 ANS Direct facials and linguals of posterior teeth 9-10 ANS Buccal/lingual surfaces of molars 11-12 ANS Mesial, facial, and lingual surfaces of posterior teeth 13-14 ANS Distal surfaces of posterior teeth 15-16 ANS Mesial surfaces of posterior teeth 17-18 ANS Distal surfaces of posterior teeth Ultrasonic Magnetostrictive ANS Uses stack of metal strips in insert to convert energy from handpiece to insert tip Ultrasonic Piezoelectric ANS Uses ceramic rod to produce mechanical vibrations Sonic ANS Uses compressed air to create vibrations Eruption of permanent first molars ANS 6-7 Eruption of permanent mandibular central incisor ANS 6-7 Eruption of permanent maxillary central incisor ANS 7-8 Eruption of permanent mandibular lateral incisor ANS 7-8 Eruption of permanent maxillary lateral incisor ANS 8-9 Eruption of permanent mandibular canine ANS 9-10 Eruption of permanent maxillary first premolar ANS 10-11 Eruption of permanent maxillary second premolar ANS 10-12 Eruption of permanent mandibular first premolar ANS 10-12 Eruption of permanent mandibular second premolar ANS 11-12 Eruption of permanent maxillary canine ANS 11-12 Eruption of permanent mandibular second molar ANS 11-13 Eruption of permanent maxillary second molar ANS 12-13 Eruption of permanent third molars ANS 17-21 Normal BP (new) ANS <120/<80 Prehypertension (new) ANS 120-129/<80 Stage 1 hypertension (new) ANS 130-139/80-89 Stage 2 hypertension (new) ANS 140-149/>90 Items containing fluoride? ANS - tea - pork - fish What type of water does not contain fluoride? ANS well water Know the papilla of the tongue ANS - filiform (most numerous, very small) - fungiform (mushroom shape, contain taste buds) - circumvallate (larger mushroom shaped, contain taste buds, on anterior side of sulcus terminalis) - foliate (leaf shaped, lateral border of tongue) What is hairy tongue caused by? ANS elongation of the filiform papillae Delayed eruption may be caused by ANS delayed exfoliation Identify mandibular canal radiographically ANS radiolucent, long dark area outlined with dense cortical bone, located above or parallel to the inferior border of the mandible What is thickened lamina dura caused by? Is this appearance normal? ANS - caused by trauma - not normal Know film errors ANS - elongation: too little vertical angulation - foreshortening: too much vertical angulation - cone cut: PID not aligned with censor - overlap: incorrect horizontal angulation Identify median rhomboid glossitis ANS rhombus shaped, central denuded area of the tongue with red appearance What is the treatment for black hairy tongue? ANS brush it What is a vitality test used for? ANS testing to see if the pulp is vital or not (applying cold air on cotton swap and pushing it against the tooth; if the pulp is vital it hurts, if its necrotic you would not feel anything) Vital ANS Pulp composed of *viable tissue*, either normal or diseased, that responds to electric stimuli and to heat and cold. Necrotic (non-vital) ANS Death of the pulp. Can no longer feel sensations What are Hutchinson's incisors caused by? ANS Syphillis •*NOT* biting on bobby pins Identify lingual varicosities.. are they normal? ANS Yes, they're normal How long should ultrasonic units be flushed? ANS 20 seconds What provides proof of *sterilization*? Spore test or autoclave tape? ANS Spore test What does autoclave tape tell you? ANS that it has reached proper *temperature* Hep B vaccination also protects you from? ANS Hep D What can chlorhexidine cause? ANS staining, increased calculus deposits What instrument should you use to work on mandibular anterior gingiva? ANS - 1/2 gracey - columbia - sickle ultrasonic What drug causes bleeding? ANS Aspirin What does the 2nd premolar replace? ANS the 2nd deciduous molar What would you do for fordyce granules? ANS leave alone; normal is a bifurcated maxillary canine normal? ANS yes What would you do for lingual erosion? ANS rinse with sodium bicarbonate Stannous fluoride is not found in which of the following? tea, pork, *well water*, or fish? ANS well water Which is the only root that would be incomplete at age 15? ANS the second molar Presents with a firm lesion on the ventral surface of the tongue? ranula, benign, or malignant? ANS ? what is the panorex best used for? ANS position of 3rd molars What is wrong with the PANO picture? ANS patient should *not* have on a thyroid collar when taking a PAN What can prednisone cause? (used for inflammation) ANS delayed wound healing How old is a patient with 2nd premolar, 1st molar, and 2nd molars are unerupted? ANS 11 years old Does ankylosis of the tongue result in nutrition issues? ANS no what causes a diastema? ANS genetics x-ray pit falls ANS - patient moves - cone moves - film moves aspirin burn ANS - chemical injury - white plaque lesion - can be wiped off - leaving a bleeding raw base - will heal once chemical is removed amelogenesis imperfecta ANS - enamel is found to be defective - discolorations, pitting, thinner enamel, "flakes off" - etiology: genetics - defect in the mineralization, deposition, and hardening of enamel layers mucogingival junction ANS - sharply defined scalloped junction between pinker attached gingiva and redder alveolar mucosa enamel projection (enamel pearl) ANS - misplaced ameloblasts migrate to the root area - produces enamel pearl on CEJ or furcation area pyogenic granuloma ANS - benign - tissue response to trauma, local irritation, hormonal changes - appear in pregnancy due to increase in hormones - puberty and pregnancy - composed of hyper plastic granulation tissue etiology of diastema? ANS genetic when do maxillary centrals erupt? ANS 7-8 when do mandibular centrals erupt? ANS 6-7 when do maxillary laterals erupt? ANS 8-9 when do mandibular laterals erupt? ANS 7-8 when do maxillary canines erupt? ANS 11-12 when do mandibular canines erupt? ANS 9-10 when do maxillary first premolars erupt? ANS 10-11 when do mandibular first premolars erupt? ANS 10-12 when do maxillary second premolars erupt? ANS 10-12 when do mandibular second premolars erupt? ANS 11-12 when do maxillary first molars erupt? ANS 6-7 when do mandibular first molars erupt? ANS 6-7 when do maxillary second molars erupt? ANS 12-13 when do mandibular second molars erupt? ANS 11-13 when do maxillary third molars erupt? ANS 17-21 when do mandibular third molars erupt? ANS 17- 21 How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 6 month old or younger? ANS none How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 6 month old - 3 year old in a community with less than 0.3 ppm in their water? ANS .25mg/day How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 6 month old - 3 year old in a community with 0.3-0.6 ppm in their water? ANS none How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 6 month old - 3 year old in a community with more than 0.6 ppm in their water? ANS none How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 3-6 year old in a community with less than 0.3 ppm in their water? ANS 0.50 mg/day How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 3-6 year old in a community with 0.3-.0.6 ppm in their water? ANS 0.25 mg/day How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 3-6 year old in a community with more than 0.6 ppm in their water? ANS none How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 6-16 year old in a community with less than 0.3 ppm in their water? ANS 1 mg/day How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 6-16 year old in a community with 0.3-0.6 ppm in their water? ANS 0.25 mg/day How much fluoride supplementation should be given to a 6-16 year old in a community with more than 0.6 ppm in their water? ANS none palatine fovea or fovea palatinii ANS Two orifices one each side of the midline, distal to the vibrating line. They act as collecting ducts for a group of minor palatine salivary glands hypodontia ANS having less than 6 congenitally missing teeth oligodontia ANS having 6 or more congenitally missing teeth Leukoedema ANS appears as a filmy, opaque, white to slate gray discoloration of mucosa, chiefly buccal mucosa,It is stated to be seen in 90% of Blacks Nikolsky's sign ANS Fragile mucosa may be induced to blister or slough when pressure is applied sign is particularly useful in differentiating pemphigus vulgaris, which causes a positive sign, from bullous pemphigoid, in which the sign is usually absent. Ankylosis ANS of primary molars has been reported to be associated with various anomalies in permanent dentition, is usually associated with hypodontia and occurs most time when a tooth fails to exfoliate. median rhomboid glossitis ANS fungal condition treated with an antifungal drug. It is a form of chronic atrophic candidiasis characterized by an asymptomatic, elongated, erythematous patch of atrophic mucosa of the posterior mid-dorsal surface of the tongue due to a chronic Candida infection Does the FDA regulate fluoride in bottled water? ANS Yes. The federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act provides FDA with broad regulatory authority over food, including bottled water, that is introduced or delivered for interstate commerce (produced and sold in more than one state). Bottled water that is in intrastate commerce (produced and sold only in one state) is under the jurisdiction of the state in which the bottled water is produced and sold. You need to contact the manufacturer to ask if their product is under FDA jurisdiction or state jurisdiction. Does the EPA have jurisdiction over the quality of bottled water? ANS The EPA does not have jurisdiction over the quality of bottled water. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the FDA have a 1979 Memorandum of Agreement specifying that the EPA regulates safe drinking water in accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act, and the FDA regulates bottled water as a consumer beverage under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (Federal Register, Volume 44, No. 141, July 20, 1979). The FDA has its own regulations on standards of quality, identity, and good manufacturing practices that bottled water must meet. Hemostasis ANS can refer to the physiologic process whereby bleeding is halted, thus protecting the integrity of the vascular system after tissue injury. It is responsible for minimizing blood loss. It is commonly referred to as stoppage of bleeding, however, coagulation is only one type of hemostatic process. Your patient is taking aspirin, and you will be performing scaling and root planing on 2 quadrants with local anesthetic and placing 3 sites of Arestin. What could be a possible problem? ANS prolonged bleeding Prozac causes ANS xerostomia Claritin causes ANS xerostomia Cyclosporine causes ANS gingival enlargement parasympathetic nerves (cholinergic action) ANS produces an increase in fluid volume (serous saliva). sympathetic nerves (sympathomimetic action) ANS produces less volume and viscous saliva drugs that have an *anticholinergic* action ANS reduce the volume of serous saliva, including antihypertensives, antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiemetics, antispasmotics, and anti- parkinsonian drugs. Oraqix® ANS (lidocaine and prilocaine periodontal gel) 2.5%/2.5% Periodontal Gel is supplied in dental cartridges that provide 1.7 g gel. duration of Oraqix® ANS provides anesthesia after an application time of 30 seconds, with a mean duration of action of about 17 to *20 min* What is a diastema? What are causes? ANS A large space between the central incisors; Can be caused by tongue thrusting or hereditary What is material Alba? What does it look like? ANS Material Alba is created by food particles, dead epithelial cells, and accumulation of thick biofilm bacteria; White chalky pus How do you calculate CAL? ANS Cal is the measurement from the base of the pocket to the CEJ. Add pocket depth plus any recession if applicable. TRUE OR FALSE: When gingival margin is at the CEJ no calculations are needed to find the CAL because the probing depth is the same as the CAL ANS True What is Dens Invaginus? another name? ANS A tooth forming inside of another tooth; Dens in Dente What is Dens Envaginus? ANS A tooth forming on the outside occlusal surface similar to an extra cusp; it is more rare than dens invaginus To maintain PPE which is NOT necessary: a - wash lab clothes after being done with patients b - Change lab clothes when they are wet or visibly soiled c- Clean loupes and patient glasses after every patient d- sterilize loupes and glasses daily ANS D - while it is good to clean loupes and glasses it is not necessary to sterilize them How long should you flush water lines? ANS 30 seconds Which is not a concern when buying a mask? a - must have HEPA filter b- complete coverage around nose c- BFE (Bacterial filtration) d- Breatheability ANS A- all masks that are sold have at least the legal minimum HEPA filter What should you not be wearing when cleaning instruments? ANS you should not use Patient examination gloves ( the gloves your wore during patient treatment) The Hep B vaccine also protects you from what other strand of HEP? ANS HEP D