Developmental Psychology: Theories and Concepts, Exams of Nursing

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PSYC 140 MODULE 1 EXAM

According to Erikson , unsuccessful completion of the first psychosocial stage will result in ____________ of the world. - Answers-mistrust According to Erikson , the " terrible two's " stem from a toddler's need to assert what? - Answers-autonomy Human development is comprised of biological , social , and cognitive changes , to name a few. Therefore , development is multi___________ - Answers-dimensional Janice is sixty years old and feels that she is in the prime of her life , at least mentally. However , she is starting to experience some problems with arthritis and knows she doesn't have quite the stamina that she used to. These trends are a good illustration of development being multi ________ - Answers-Directional Which of the following most accurately summarizes Freud's view of the Oedipus complex? - Answers-Boys experience competition with their fathers and eventually identify with them , while repressing sexual feelings toward their mothers. For each of the age groups listed below , list the psychosexual stage described by Freud. Birth - 18 months :_______________ - Answers-oral Freud believed that unsuccessful completion of a psychosexual stage would result in a person becoming _____________an erogenous part of the body. - Answers-Fixated on Where did Freud get the name " Oedipus " for the Oedipus complex? - Answers-Greek mythology For each of the age groups listed below , list the psychosexual stage described by Freud. Puberty through adulthood :__________ - Answers-genital Compare Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stage theory with Erikson's stage theory. Freud's final psychosexual stage occurs from [ answer1 ] on while , Erikson's final stage is for the following age group : [ answer2 ]. - Answers-1. 12- 18

2. 65+ What should a parent of a toddler do to address the delicate balance of navigating a child through the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage? Be specific in indicating a realistic way a parent can do this. - Answers-Parents should foster the child's independence but not be critical of them For the following question , choose either " continuous " or " discontinuous " for your answer. Stage theorists illustrate a __________ view of development - Answers- discontinuous

He coined the term , " operant conditioning. " - Answers-B.F. Skinner What reflexive behavior did Pavlov's dogs begin exhibiting at the sound of a bell? - Answers-salivation True or false? Erikson emphasized the id , while Freud emphasized the ego. - Answers-False True or false? Erikson believed that it was not unusual for an adolescent to experiment with different identities. - Answers-True Which age group did Erikson say faces the crisis Generativity vs. Stagnation? - Answers-middle adulthood In which of the following stages is it important for children to establish a sense of competence? - Answers-Industry vs Inferiority True or false? Erikson viewed adolescence as a crucial period of development - Answers-True True or false? Training based on Pavlovian principles is used in the treatment of phobias. - Answers-True In operant conditioning , [ answer1 ] are applied so that behaviors are more likely to continue in the future , while [ answer2 ] are applied to decrease the likelihood of behaviors continuing. - Answers-1. Rewards

2. Punishments Which of the following statements most accurately reflects Piaget's stages of cognitive development? - Answers-Children progress through stages in the same order. Which of the following statements is true regarding Piaget's Formal Operations stage? - Answers-Research indicates that only a few adults succeed at Piaget's formal operation tasks. Which theorist or theory describing development do you agree with the most? Summarize this theory and describe why you agree with it. - Answers-I agree more with Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory of Development The theory places emphasy on the fact that development can truly be life long , and that is evident in every humans life. Development dose not only occur in childhood to adolescents just like Freud , and Piaget explained. Erik also stated in his views that humans are psychosocial , that is the need to be accepted in the society in terms of their social and emotional needs and so leaned more to the development controversy of nurture as seen in his eight stages of his psychosocial development. In addition , Erikson's early stage of change in humans show that nature is also involved in their development. Hence , nature and nuture truly

both affect development in humans. Some of his stages as seen in , trust versus mistrust , Autonomy versus shame , through to the late stages of development as seen in generativity versus stagnation , and ego intergrity versus despair. They truly capture that development also occurs in stages and are discontinuous. According to Konrad Lorenz , what is imprinting? In his most famous research , which animals imprinted? - Answers-Imprimting is what occurs when an animal follows or forms an attachment to the first thing it sees. Geese The module article on Piaget describes three basic components to Piaget's cognitive theory. For each of the components below , describe the component in your own words and discuss how learning about each component informs or changes your view of cognition or thinking. Be specific and detailed. For example how does learning about schemas influence what you think of the way people build knowledge? 1. Schemas. 2. Adaptation processes that include assimilation and accommodation. 3. Stages of cognitive development - 4 stages. - Answers-1. Allows us to form a mental representation of the world , what all knowledge is constantly built upon

2. Assimilation is Using an existing building block ( schema ) to relate or process new information accomodation occurs when theres no building block and you must process something new
3. Sensorimotor , preoperational , concrete operational , formal operational