Dialysis CCHT Exam ACCURATE TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM FROM 2023TO 2024 | ACCURATE, Exams of Nursing

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Dialysis CCHT Exam ACCURATE

TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM

FROM 2023TO 2024 | ACCURATE AND

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Blood pump occlusion and kinked lines would most likely cause which complication during hemodialysis

• Ans - hemolysis What notification process would alert the staff of poor water quality during the dialysis treatment
• Ans - total dissolved solids (TDS) what would minimize bacterial growth in the water treatment system
• Ans - circulation of water on a continuous basis KT/V is improved by
  • Ans - Priming the dialyzer at a blood flow rate of 150 ml/min prior to applying the blood pressure cuff on a new patient the patient technician should - Ans - examine both arms for an access the purpose of the QAI program is
• Ans - identify opportunities and resolving problems Concentrate labeling strategies must allow for the posit indetificaton of the contents of the mixing tanks storage tanks concentrate head thanks valve panels and the
  • Ans - bicarb/acid jugs high venous pressure alarm is most likely cause by
• Ans - infiltration of venous needle When removing needles from an internal access the needle safety device
• Ans - should be engaged while removing the needle from patients access softner tanks remove
  • Ans - calcium and magnesium the patient complains of pain at the catheter exit site. what should the patient tech do first
  • Ans - notify the nurse

Dialysis has been initiated on a patient using a right internal jugular catheter as the blood pump is turned up to 200mL/min foam begins to accumulate in the lines the patient begins to wheeze and becomes short of breath the care giver first action would be

• Ans - clamp venous line what is true when cannulating a new fistula
  • Ans - use a tourniquet when cannulating the ratios of bleach to water for disinfecting external surfaces and equipment is
  • Ans - 60 mL of bleach and 6 L of water In addition to correctly labeling the concentrate containers to avoid error it is also mandatory to label the concentrate delivery at the
  • Ans - solutions Pre treatment evaluation of an internal vascular access includes
• Ans - palpation for a thrill an ultraviolet irradiator is to
• Ans - destroy bacteria in the water system the patient technician observes a patient at the 30 minute safety check. what signs or symptoms will prompt the patient technician to wake the patient for further evaluation - Ans - the patient is non verbal, non responsive and vitals are dropping Following fmc policy when should the second hardness test be completed
  • Ans - after completion of the last patient treatment The purpose of ultrafilters is to
  • Ans - Provide a bacterial and endotoxins barrier what has the most impact on a dialyzer clearance
• Ans - surface area patient technician notices patient is yawning towards the end of treatment. what should the PCT take action of
  • Ans - check patients blood pressure When it is suspected that a patient has an air embolism the first intervention should be to
• Ans - clamp patients bloodlines The venous needle must always be placed
  • Ans - With the flow of blood

A cannulation method where two new sites are chosen for needle placement every treatment is

• Ans - rope-ladder technique A major factor affecting ultrafiltration is
• Ans - pressure Hemolyzed blood could be caused by
• Ans - An arterial pressure of negative 270 if blood leak detector alarms a second time and no visible blood is noted, which action should be completed on the dialysis machine before machine is used by another patient
• Ans - blood leak test indicator during dialysis a patient has a cardiac arrest. which action should be completed on the dialysis machine before the machine is used by another patient
• Ans - functional test on the machine the patients venous needle has infiltrated and another needle is to be inserted, the pct will
• Ans - insert new needle above infiltration site Bright cherry soda colored blood is noticed in the dialyzer the patient complains of shortness of breath headache and burning at the needle site in view of these findings the care giver should - Ans - stop blood pump and don't return blood COLT means?
• Ans - c = clamp lines o = off blood pump l = left side t = trendelenburg patient begins to experience shortness of breath, chest pain, and sudden hypotension. the blood is bright red and translucent. the complication that is occurring Ans - hemolysis When mixing bicarbonate for dialysis after mixing the bicarbonate for one minute then checking the final full level it is essential to further mix the bicarbonate for
• Ans - 10 minutes If bicarbonate concentrate jugs are used the frequency for disinfecting jugs is
• Ans - weekly if the arterial pressure changes from - 200 to - 250 from the initiation of treatment. what would be a possible cause

• Ans - hypotension and vasoconstriction an appropriate factor in achieving adequacy during machine setup is to
• Ans - prime dialyzer venous end up regarding the use of clamps on a venipuncture site, it is important for the nurse to have what understanding
• Ans - use only one clamp at a time to prevent excessive pressure improper primed dialyzers and bloodlines can increase the risk of
• Ans - air embolism and clotting in the dialyzer oral nutrition supplements are given to FMS in center dialysis patients who are malnourished while they are at dialysis facility for what reason
• Ans - to improve nutritional status and ensure compliance with oral intake and reduce risk of morbidity studies conducted by the center for disease control continue to prove that the single most important means of preventing the spread of infection is to
• Ans - wash/sanitize hands individual acid concentrate must be labeled with
• Ans - chemical content the new needle placement following an arterial needle infiltration should be
• Ans - above or below infiltration site what is the correct blood flow rate for priming the dialyzer
• Ans - 150 mL/min conductivity is best described as the ability of an
• Ans - solution to conduct an electrical charge the quality status report is a monthly report detailing quality outcomes as primary or secondary. primary quality outcomes are those that have highest impact on patient survival. these include
• Ans - hemoglobin, albumin, phosphorus, adequacy, catheter rate which group of solutes may be present in a preschool dialysis solution
• Ans - sodium bicarbonate, potassium and calcium What reading on the reverse osmosis ( RO ) machine indicates the level of water quality?
• Ans - total dissolved solids to properly collect a post BUN lab. it is necessary to

• Ans - turn off the UF rate what is the correct level of salt in the brine tank
• Ans - the top of the salt pellets in the brine tank must be maintained above the level of the brine solution in the tank source water is
• Ans - received from the water supplier to make product water for dialysis using sodium variation module during dialysis treatment will
• Ans - aid in fluid removal according to FMS policy, the safe level for total chlorine is
• Ans - less that 0.10ppm what kind of access is preferable with a patient who has hypertension
• Ans - an arteriovenous fistula patient complains about feeling dizzy and begins yawning. these symptoms are most likely to indicate
• Ans - hypotension high phosphorus food that must be limited or avoided in patients who are on dialysis - Ans - beans, nuts, and dark colas documentation and interpretation of the KECN results can assist the staff members in - Ans - assessment for possible clotting in dialyzer chloramines of bleach in the dialysate during dialysis can cause a patients death due to
• Ans - hemolysis what pateint complication may occur from using dialysate with a conductivity reading

• Ans - hyperglycemia If the bicarbonate jugs have been in storage and are needed for emergency use what action must be taken prior to use
• Ans - disinfection with 1:100 bleach water and rinse with RO water until negative for bleach If the second gac (carbon) filter exceeds the acceptable limit for total chorine what is the next step
• Ans - notify the nurse in charge to stop treatment what factor is most likely to affect dialysis adequacy
• Ans - dialyzer primed at 300 mL/min

a patient has fallen to the floor post dialysis outside the facility that results in a laceration. this incident is considered a

• Ans - patient occurrence the adequacy of a dialysis treatment may be compromised by – Ans - inadequate heparinazation what PPE is required when performing venipuncuture
• Ans - gloves, face shield or mask, eye wear with side shield, and fluid resistant gown according to AAMI standards the required exposure time of water to the carbon filters to effectively remove chlorine and chloramines is
• Ans - 10 minutes a potential hazard or incident that has not resulted in any injury but had the potential to do so it referred to as
• Ans - near miss how long must the reverse osmosis machine run prior to collecting samples for water testing
• Ans - 15 minutes when instructing patients with chronic kidney disease, who are receiving dialysis, the nurse should include
• Ans - elevated potassium levels may cause changes in heart rythm arterial needle is placed
• Ans - either with or against the flow of the blood Which of the following laboratory results indicate a person has protection from acquiring Hepatitis B
• Ans - HBsAb positive (HBV immune) what can result from a low level arterial pressure drip chamber
• Ans - air entering the system the carbon tanks remove
• Ans - chlorine and chloramines the component of the dislysate that helps treat acidosis is
• Ans - bicarbonate several patients with normal pre-dialysis temperatures develop sudden chills and a spike in temperature, this situation is most likely cause by
• Ans - presence of endotoxins in dialysate

the nurse should know that when performing access flow testing in a graft that - Ans - a result of less that 600mL/min should have repeated testing what has the highest potassium content - Ans - Bananas, orange juice, and salt substitute a fistula is considered the access of choice because - Ans - they have the lowest complication rates what does countercurrent flow within the dialyzer provide the most efficient clearance of solutes from he blood - Ans - blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions allowing removal of waste throughout the surface area for the dialyzer One way to establish a patient has orthostatic hypotension is to obtain a patients - Ans - sitting blood pressure followed by and standing blood pressure the softener tank works in conjunction with the brine tank using the process of - Ans - absorption the minimum recommended needle gauge for a fistula that tolerates a blood flow of 300- 350mL/min without difficulty is - Ans - 16 gauge Routine post dialysis treatment documentation on the patients dialysis treatment record should include patients blood pressure and temperature - Ans - post reinfusion and prior to disconnection Individual bicarbonate containers must be labeled with - Ans - hazardous material identification system (HMIS) label In addition to air embolism what complication may potentially occur if the saline bag is left unclamps with the blood pump running during the dialysis treatment - Ans - dialyzer clotting excessive fluid removal during dialysis, combined with the patients taking an antihypertesive medication may result in the patient having - Ans - hypotension How long can mixed bicarbonate be kept for use without medical director approval and validation - Ans - must be used the same day it is mixed what is likely to occur when flipping needles after cannulation - Ans - damage to the initial lining of the vessel what is the total chlorine reading for dialysis - Ans - less than 0.1mg/L

what solution should be used to disinfect a large blood spill area - Ans - 1 part bleach: 10 parts water what contributes to data collection used to measure quality outcomes - Ans - ensuring accurate documentation which water pretreatment component of hemodialysis machine is required to have a back up system - Ans - carbon tank technicians role in patient teaching should be - Ans - reinforce teaching that the patient has received from other team members the most accurate measure of dialysis adequacy - Ans - KT/V urea a patient who is to receive his initial hemodialysis is especially prove to develop this syndrome - Ans - disequilibrium the technician should be aware that the bloop pump stops during which of the alarms - Ans - low arterial pressure a conductivity alarm sounds during a dialysis treatment. the technician should expect what event has occurred - Ans - dialyzer was in bypass asepsis is defined as - Ans - absence or disease producing organisms during routine water testing, the technician notes that the chloramine level after the first carbon tank is 0.2mg. what action should technician take next - Ans - obtain a sample from the second carbon tank infection control protocols for dialysis equipment should include what for the technician - Ans - using gloves when touching the machine prior to cannulation, a technician notes that the patients arteriocenous fistula is red and warm to touch. what are these symptoms. - Ans - infection during dialysis treatment a patients venous needle infiltrates. what is the action the technician should take - Ans - stop the blood pump a blind patient comes to dialysis for his treatment. what approach should the technician use when interacting with the patient. - Ans - describe what is going on to the pateint during the set up of a dialysis machine machine, the alarm test for conductivity fails, what actions should the technician take - Ans - notify the equipment technician one reason that normal saline is used to rinse and prime the extra-corporeal prior to treatment to remove - Ans - air

what organization recommends the standards for water quality for hemodialysis - Ans - AAMI - Advancement of Medical Instrumentation a technician sees a drop of blood on the surface of a patients dialysis machine. what action should the technician take - Ans - clean the machine surface immediately the technician observes that the hardness reading after the water softer is above the acceptable limit. the technician should check the brine tank's level of - Ans - salt a technician is preparing to initiate a patients dialysis treatment using a reprocessed dialyzer. when should the technician check for residual sterilant - Ans - immediately prior to treatment bio-hazardous waste includes any material exposed to - Ans - blood during dialysis treatment, a patient complains of feeling cold. in addition to getting the patient a blanket, which of the action should the technician take - Ans - take the patients temperature to determine the patency of an arteriovenous vascular access, the technician should initially feel the presence of a - Ans - thrill a dialysis technician suspects that a patient who is receiving dialysis treatment has an air embolism. after stopping the pump, the patient should be placed in what position - Ans - left side trendelenburg during dialysis treatment, the technician responds to a high venous pressure alarm. the technician should be aware that the most likely cause of the alarm is - Ans - kink in the bloodline what observation would be considered an environmental risk - Ans - 30mL of fluid on the floor primary function of the kidney is the - Ans - nephron 15 minutes before the end of a dialysis treatment, a patient complains of dizziness and nausea. these symptoms are most likely due to - Ans - hypotension before a dialysis treatment, a technician removes the cap from the fistula needle and accidentally touches the chair with the tip of the needle. what action should the technician take next - Ans - discard the needle the venous pressure alarm sounds during a patients dialysis treatment. after muting the alarm the technician actions should begin with - Ans - inspecting the extra-corporeal circuit

the usual heparin sodium concentration for anti-coagulation during dialysis - Ans - 1000 units/mL during dialysis a patient goes into cardiac arrest. what action should be taken first - Ans

• call for help when preparing a bleach solution for clean equipment, the technician accidentally spills undiluted bleach on the floor. what resource will provide the technician with information about how to properly handle the spill of this chemical - Ans - MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet If the extra corporeal circuit clots and it must be discarded, it would be most important to monitor the patients serum level of - Ans - hemoglobin a rise in the transmembrane pressure during dialysis is indicative of - Ans - clotting of the extra-corporeal circuit the most important intervention to prevent the spread of infection is - Ans - hand washing the dialysis machine continuously monitors many parameters. which of the parameters must be verified by an external measuring device - Ans - pH and conductivity the movement of fluid across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentrate to an higher solute concentration in defined as - Ans - osmosis nephron is made up of - Ans - A glomerulus and a tubule system endoctrine functions of the kidney include - Ans - making erythropoietin and active form of vitamin D leading cause of end stage renal disease for adults is - Ans - diabetes patient with kidney failure often complain of itching, what is likely to be the cause - Ans - hyperphosphtemia Why do kidney patients often have bone disease? - Ans - Kidneys stop producing calcitriol Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include: - Ans - anorexia, fatigue and swelling medication that helps anemia patients build their red blood cells back up - Ans - Mircera

a semipermeable membrane is a barrier that - Ans - allows only certain sized particles cross diffusion is movement of particles from - Ans - higher concentration negative pressure is pressure created when - Ans - fluid is pulled through restriction during dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when - Ans - water is removed from the blood when is the extra-corporeal circuit under negative pressure - Ans - the arterial line section before the blood pump what will increase the amount of solutes that will diffuse across the semipermeable membrane - Ans - high concentration gradients The components of the dialysate treatment that affect clearance include: - Ans - dialysate flow, time of treatment, dialyzer size, and blood flow rate two things that affect the dialyzer's ability to remove waste from the body include - Ans - surface area and molecular weight cutoff dialysate is the fluid that helps remove waste products from the body. it contains a number of substances. what might be prescribed for a dialysate solution - Ans - bicarbonate, sodium and potassium most important safety monitor during dialysis treatment - Ans - dialysis technician Dialysate conductivity measures - Ans - the total electrical charge of a solution if dialysate has too much sodium it may cause patient injury. too much sodium or hypernatremia can cause - Ans - headache, high blood pressure, and shrinking of red blood cells dialysate that has too much calcium can cause - Ans - vomitting, confusion and irritability dialysate that has too little sodium can cause - Ans - Low blood pressure, cramping, and bursting of red blood cells dialysis treatment adequacy has been linked to patient outcomes. delivering an adequate "dose" of dialysis is the responsibility of the patient care staff in the dialysis unit. things that can affect dialysis adequacy include - Ans - time on treatment, blood flow rate, dialysate flow rate, and dialyzer clotting Normal body temperature - Ans - 98.6 F

instrument used to measure blood pressure - Ans - sphygmomanometer A rapid pulse of 104 beats/min would indicate that the patient has: - Ans - tachycardia seizures during dialysis may be caused by - Ans - hypotension, electrolyte balance, and dialysate composition errors normal resting pulse rate - Ans - 60 - 100 beats/min the transmembranse pressure has been gradually changing during the last 1-1/2 hours of dialysis. you suspect clotting. the first action you should take is - Ans - rinse dialyzer with normal saline if there is a decrease in the patients Kt/V, which factors should be looked at - Ans - increased access re-circulation, diminished dialyzer performance, inadequate anti- coagulation of blood, and blood pump speed which of the following is the first symptom that a patient develops in dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is most likely to exhibit - Ans - headaches a patient who is fluid overload will probably have what set of symptoms. symptoms may be mild or severe - Ans - tachycardia, hypertension, and dyspnea "first use syndrome" is a hypersensitivity reaction to the dialyzer. what are the characteristics - Ans - back pain, anxiety, tachycardia, wheezing, circulatory circuit AAMI standards recommend quality control activities before a reprocessed dialyzer is used on a patient. How many people must check the dialyzer to verify quality control information? - Ans - two people, one including the patient what are the symptoms of a chemical reaction due to incomplete rinsing of germicide from reprocessed dialyzer - Ans - burning access, numb arm, blurred vision Dialyzers are processed before use to rinse out manufacturing residues and to: - Ans - establish the original fiber bundle volume of the dialyzer and check for leaks what contains two criteria for rejecting a reprocessed dialyzer - Ans - less that 80% of original fiber bundle volume, aesthetic appearance AAMI recommends voluntary standards for - Ans - water treatment according to AAMI standards, the total microbial count of water used to prepare dialysate should not exceed - Ans - 200 CFU/mL according to AAMI standards, bacteriologic testing for water and dialysate should take place - Ans - weekly

infiltration refers to what - Ans - a needle tip that punctures a vessel and goes out the other side, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue during a dialysis treatment, which of the following would indicate a break in the integrity of extra-corporeal circuit - Ans - appearance of air or foam in any bloodlines poor blood flow during dialysis in patients with catheters is often due to what factors - Ans - blood clot, poor placement, and a fibrin sheath your patient orders are for a 17 gauge needle. you know that - Ans - the patient will only be able to maintain a 250mL/min - 300mL/min QB the professional organization for dialysis technicians - Ans - National Association of Nephrology Technicians the patients access site has been bleeding for 30 minutes after needle removal for the last 3 treatments with not change in the heparin prescription. there has also been a steady increase in the venous pressure during treatment. what might you suspect? - Ans - venous stenosis the buttonhole technique results in fewer infections, missed needle insertions, hematomas and infiltrations. what are the steps for this technique - Ans - remove scab, cannulate same site, same technician for 3-4 weeks to create tunnel the venous pressure on a dialysis machine starts to rise but the venous needle is not infiltrated. what could be responsible for the high pressure - Ans - clotting or venospasm factors that affect peritoneal membrane permeability include - Ans - peritonitis infection A hyperkalemic patient is present in your setting, which of the following is the best treatment of choice for the patient? - Ans - Kayexalate is the best choice. If the patient has a good AV access then which of the following is the rate at which the hemodialysis blood pump moves? - Ans - Rate of 400 What is the ratio for a mixture of dialysate to treated water required for the central delivery system - Ans - Ratio is 34: The human body comprises different compartments for the storage of different minerals. What protein is the main storage for iron? - Ans - Ferritin molecule Which of the following medical term is used for "excessive production of urine"? - Ans - The term: Polyuria During the course of the treatment, the dialysate machine can change the dialysate sodium. This would assist: - Ans - Sodium modeling process

What is the term used for the weight of a post-treatment patient? - Ans - The term: Dry weight The slanted part of a needle's tip is known as the - Ans - Bevel What is the definition of blood clot blocking, suppressing, or delaying? - Ans - The term: Anticoagulation What is the process of passing fluid through a filter considered - Ans - Filtration is the procedure What is the term used to route into the patient's bloodstream that can be used for hemodialysis? - Ans - The term: Access After cannulation, what method is typically used to secure the hemodialysis needle? - Ans - Butterfly technique should be used. For diagnosing acute interstitial nephritis, which of the following is the gold standard? - Ans - Renal biopsy is the diagnostic test Which of the following belongs to the dialysis interdisciplinary team? - Ans - Patient belongs to them. A patient's oral temperature is found to be normal. What is the following range of temperature in Celsius best fits the case? - Ans - Range: 36- 37 What is the abbreviation GAC used for? - Ans - Granular Activate Charcoal is its fullform What tube is used for the connection between a vein and an artery, when an AV graft is recommended for internal access to hemodialysis? - Ans - The plastic tube is used How many conductivity alarms does hemodialysis machine use? - Ans - Two alarms Prior to flowing through the water treatment system, what is considered untreated tap water? - Ans - Feed water is the type You want to cannulate an upper arm access site, what needle would you use? - Ans - One inch needle What medical term is used for "cessation of breathing"? - Ans - The term: Apnea What is a rare situation in which the calcium and phosphorus levels are both very high at the same time and they are link together? - Ans - Extraskeletal calcification is the case

What is the appropriate order for fast movement of molecules? - Ans - Warm>cold Understanding the components of tissue is a basic start, what is a thin layer of tissue? - Ans - Membrane part of the tissue. What is a communicable disease and belongs to bacterial flora? - Ans - It is known as TB What is an element's tiniest particle that keeps the element's property? - Ans - It is known as Atom What feed would be used in a hemodialysis distribution system when the water is sent to a storage tank? - Ans - It should be indirect A patient is undergoing kidney transplant. You will educate the family about the major risk involved in the process, what is a significant risk? - Ans - Risk of rejection For each hemodialysis treatment, how many needles are used? - Ans - Two needles are used The preceptor utilize which of the following communication methods to get more information from the trainee? - Ans - Direct questions is the best method What renal structure is responsible for filtering blood and forming urnine? - Ans - Nephron The __________ is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and forming urine. - Ans - Nephron What is the primary function of the renal pelvis? - Ans - Transport of the urine to the bladder The ___________________ collects urine from the nephron and transports it to the bladder for storage and eventual elimination. - Ans - Renal pelvis What is a primary electrolyte that is carefully controlled during hemodialysis? - Ans - Potassium __________________ levels are closely monitored during hemodialysis because imbalances can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and other serious complications - Ans - Potassium What is the purpose of the dialysate in hemodialysis? - Ans - To remove waste products from the blood

The _____________ is a specialized used in hemodialysis to help remove waste products and excess fluids from the patient's blood. - Ans - Dialysate What is the primary function of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or graft in hemodialysis?

• Ans - To provide access for blood withdrawal and return. The AVF or graft serves as a ____________ for the hemodialysis procedure, allowing blood to be withdrawn, filtered, and returned to the patient. - Ans - vascular access point What factor can contribute to hypotension during hemodialysis? - Ans - Excessive ultrafiltration Excessive removal of fluid also known as ultrafiltration during hemodialysis can lead to a drop in blood pressure, causing what? - Ans - Hypotension What is the recommended temperature range for the dialysate in a hemodialysis machine? - Ans - 35 - 40 C The dialysate temperature is typically maintained in the range of __________ to ensure patient comfort and efficient dialysis. - Ans - 35 - 40 C What is the primary purpose of heparin in hemodialysis? - Ans - To prevent clotting in the dialyzer. ____________________ is used in hemodialysis to prevent blood clotting within the dialyzer. - Ans - Heparin What condition is characterized by the buildup of waste products and toxins in the blood due to kidney dysfunction? - Ans - Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) ________________ is a condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste and toxins from the blood. - Ans - Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) What is the role of the glomerulus in the nephron? - Ans - Filtration of blood The _______________ is responsible for filtering blood, allowing small molecules and waste products to enter the renal tubules. - Ans - Glomerulus What represents the patient's weight without excess fluid? - Ans - The "dry weight" of a hemodialysis patient. _______________________________ of a hemodialysis patient is the weight at which they are free of excess fluid, which is important for accurate ultrafiltration during dialysis.
• Ans - The "dry weight"

What complications can occur due to vascular access problems in hemodialysis? - Ans

• Infection What is the primary function of the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis? - Ans - To exchange fluids and waste products The peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis serves as a ________________ for the exchange of fluids and waste products between the patient's peritoneal cavity and the dialysate. - Ans - Semipermeable barrier What laboratory value is typically monitored to assess anemia in hemodialysis patients?
• Ans - Hemoglobin (Hb) ____________________ levels are routinely monitored in hemodialysis patients to assess and manage anemia. - Ans - Hemoglobin (Hb) What is the primary purpose of the Kt/V measurement in hemodialysis? - Ans - To quantify dialysis adequacy ______ is a measurement used to assess the adequacy of dialysis treatment in removing waste products from the blood. - Ans - Kt/V What factor can lead to dialysis-related amyloidosis in long-term hemodialysis patients?
• Ans - Accumulation of beta-2 microglobulin Dialysis-related __________ can occur due to the accumulation of beta-2 microglobulin in long-term hemodialysis patients. - Ans - amyliodosis What is the primary role of the dialysate solution in hemodialysis? - Ans - To remove waste products from the patient's blood. The ___________________ is essential in hemodialysis for its role in removing waste products and excess fluids from the patient's blood. - Ans - Dialysate solution What is a common complication of vascular access in hemodialysis and often requires surgical intervention? - Ans - Aneurysm formation _____________________ is a common vascular access complication in hemodialysis and may require surgical intervention? - Ans - Aneurysm formation What is the primary function of the venous needle during hemodialysis? - Ans - To return filtered blood to the patient The ____________ needle in hemodialysis is responsible for returning filtered blood to the patient's circulation after it has passed through the dialyzer. - Ans - Venous

What does the "K" value in the Kt/V measurement used for in hemodialysis? - Ans - IT reflects the efficiency of urea clearance during dialysis. The __________________ value in the Kt/V measurement reflects the efficiency of urea clearance during hemodialysis. - Ans - "K" What complications can result from improper disinfection of hemodialysis machines and equipment? - Ans - Infection ____________________ of hemodialysis machines and equipment can lead to infections, which can have serious consequences for patients. - Ans - Improper disinfections In hemodialysis, what is a common cause of access dysfunction and thrombosis? - Ans

• Vascular stenosis __________________, the narrowing of the blood vessels, is a common cause of access dysfunction and thrombosis in hemodialysis patients. - Ans - Vascular stenosis What hormone is produced by the kidneys and plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and erythropoiesis? - Ans - Erythropoietin _______________ is produced by the kidneys and stimulates the production of red blood cells and plays a role in regulating blood pressure. - Ans - Erythropoietin What best describes the primary function of the peritoneum in peritoneal dialysis? - Ans
• To serve as a dialysis membrane In peritoneal dialysis, the peritoneum serves as a _____________, allowing the exchange of fluids and waste products. - Ans - Natural dialysis membrane What is the primary role of the dialysate solution in peritoneal dialysis? - Ans - What conditions can result from inadequate clearance of uremic toxins during hemodialysis? - Ans - Hyperkalemia Inadequate clearance of ______________ during hemodialysis can lead to the accumulation of potassium in the blood, resulting in hyperkalemia, which can be life- threatening. - Ans - Uremic toxins What is the primary function of the renal cortex in the kidney? - Ans - Reabsorption of nutrients The ______________ is responsible for the reabsorption of essential nutrients and substance from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream. - Ans - Renal cortex

In hemodialysis, what is the purpose of the dialysate flow rate? - Ans - To control the rate of waste removal The _______________ in hemodialysis controls the rate in which waste products and excess fluids are removed from the patient's blood. - Ans - Dialysate flow rate (DFR) What complication can occur if the patient's vascular access is too small or narrow for hemodialysis? - Ans - Hemolysis If the vascular access is ________________, it can cause hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells) during hemodialysis. - Ans - too small or narrow What is the primary purpose of the arterial needle during hemodialysis? - Ans - To withdraw blood from the patient The _________________ in hemodialysis is responsible for withdrawing blood from the patient for filtration - Ans - Arterial needle What laboratory values is typically monitored to assess calcium levels in hemodialysis patients? - Ans - serum calcium Serum calcium levels are monitored in hemodialysis patients to assess ______________________. - Ans - Calcium balance What is the primary role of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in assessing kidney function? - Ans - To quantify the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys What is the role of phosphate binders in hemodialysis? - Ans - They reduce phosphate absorption from the diet Phosphate binders in hemodialysis are used to reduce the absorption of dietary phosphate, helping to control ___________________. - Ans - Hyperphosphatemia What is the primary purpose of vascular mapping in the context of vascular access for hemodialysis? - Ans - To identify potential vascular complications ________________________ is used to identify potential vascular complications and assess the suitability of veins for vascular access - Ans - Vascular mapping In hemodialysis, what complication can result from inadequate ultrafiltration? - Ans - Hypotentsion _______________ during hemodialysis can lead to hypotension (low blood pressure) in patients. - Ans - Inadequate ultraflitration

What term refers to the process of removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood during hemodialysis? - Ans - Ultrafiltration ___________________ is the process if removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood during hemodialysis. - Ans - Ultrafiltration What is the primary function of the peritoneal catheter in peritoneal dialysis? - Ans - To provide access for vascular catheters The ________________ in peritoneal dialysis provides access for the introduction of dialysis into the peritoneal cavity. - Ans - Peritoneal catheter In hemodialysis, what complication can occur if the dialyzer is not properly rinsed with saline before use? - Ans - Hemolysis Failure to properly _________________________ with saline before use can lead to hemolysis (rupture of red blood cells) during hemodialysis. - Ans - Rinse the dialyzer What is the primary role of the dialysate solution in peritoneal dialysis? - Ans - To facilitate the exchange of fluids and waste products. Hemolysis - Ans - rupture of red blood cells What is the primary function of the parathyroid glands in calcium regulation? - Ans - To stimulate calcium release from bones The parathyroid glands secrete _____________________, which stimulates the release of calcium from the bones into the bloodstream. - Ans - parathyroid hormone (PTH) What is the role of the interdialytic period in hemodialysis? - Ans - It represents the time between hemodialysis sessions. What is the common complication of long-term hemodialysis that results from aluminum accumulation in the body? - Ans - Osteoporosis Accumulation of aluminum in the body due to long-term hemodialysis can lead to ____________. - Ans - Osteoporosis What is the primary role of the vascular access coordinator in hemodialysis care? - Ans

• To assess vascular access function and suitablility The ______________________ in hemodialysis is responsible for assessing the function and suitability of vascular access for patients. - Ans - vascular access coordinator

What is the following laboratory values is typically monitored to assess fluid balance in hemodialysis patients? - Ans - Serum sodium _________________________ are monitored in hemodialysis patients to assess fluid balance and sodium regulation. - Ans - Serum sodium levels In hemodialysis, what is the primary role of the dialyzer membrane? - Ans - To separate blood from the dialysate. The __________________ in hemodialysis serves to separate the patient's blood from the dialysate, allowing for the exchange of waste products and excess fluids. - Ans - Dialyzer membrane What is the role of the dialysate in hemodialysis? - Ans - It removes waste products from the patient's blood What is the primary function of the peritoneal dialysis catheter in peritoneal dialysis? - Ans - To facilitate the exchange of fluids and waste products. The ____________________ facilitates the exchange of fluids and waste products between the peritoneal cavity and the dialysate solution. - Ans - Peritoneal dialysis catheter In hemodialysis, what complication can occur due to inadequate anticoagulation during treatment? - Ans - Clotting in the dialyzer or vascular access. ______________________ during hemodialysis can lead to clotting in the dialyzer or vascular access, affecting treatment efficiency. - Ans - Inadequate anticoagulation What hormone is produced by the kidneys and helps regulate blood pressure by promoting the release of aldosterone. - Ans - Renin The kidneys produce renin, which plays a role in regulating blood pressure by promoting the release of ________________________. - Ans - Aldosterone What is the primary role of the hemodialysis technician in preparing the patient for dialysis? - Ans - To ensure patient comfort and safety during treatment. What is the primary purpose of phosphate binders in hemodialysis? - Ans - To reduce phosphate absorption from the diet. What is the role of the dialysate temperature in hemodialysis? - Ans - It controls the rate of waste removal. What is the primary function of the dialyzer membrane in hemodialysis? - Ans - To separate blood from the dialyzer

What medication is commonly used to lower high blood pressure in hemodailysis patients? - Ans - Antihypertensive drugs What is the role of the dialysate flow rate in hemodialysis? - Ans - It controls the rate of waste removal The ____________________ in hemodialysis controls the rate at which waste products and excess fluids are removed from the patient's blood - Ans - Dialysate flow rate (DFR) What is the primary purpose of the venous needle during hemodialysis? - Ans - To return filtered blood to the patient The _______________ in hemodialysis is responsible for returning filtered blood to the patient's circulation after it has passed through the dialyzer. - Ans - Venous needle What condition can result from excessive fluid removal during hemodialysis? - Ans - Hypotension _________________________ during hemodialysis can lead to hypotension (low blood pressure) in patients. - Ans - Excessive fluid removal What is the primary role of the vascular access nurse in hemodialysis care? - Ans - To assess vascular access function and suitablility The _______________ in hemodialysis is responsible for assessing the function and suitability of vascular access for patients. - Ans - Vascular access nurse What is a common complication of vascular access in hemodialysis and often requires surgical intervention? - Ans - Aneurysm formation ________________ is a common vascular access complication in hemodialysis and may require surgical correction. - Ans - Aneurysm formation What is the primary role of the arterial needle during hemodialysis? - Ans - To withdraw blood from the patient What term refers to the process of removing waste products and excess fluid from the blood during hemodialysis? - Ans - Ultrafiltration What is the primary function of the peritoneal dialysis catheter in peritoneal dialysis? - Ans - To provide access for vascular catheters In hemodialysis what complications can occur if the dialyzer is not properly rinsed. - Ans

• hemolysis

What is the primary purpose of phosphate binders in hemodialysis? - Ans - To reduce phosphate absorption from the diet _____________ in hemodialysis are used to reduce the absorption of dietary phosphate, helping to control hyperphosphatemia. - Ans - Phosphate binders What is the primary role of the hemodialysis technician in preparing the patient for dialysis? - Ans - To ensure patient comfort and safety during treatment What conditions can result from excessive fluid removal during hemodialysis? - Ans - Hypotension In hemodialysis, what is the primary function of the dialyzer membrane? - Ans - To separate blood from the dialysate What is a common electrolyte imbalance in hemodialysis patients characterized by elevated potassium levels? - Ans - Hyperkalemia _____________________ refers to elevated potassium levels in the blood and is a common concern in hemodialysis patients. - Ans - Hyperkalemia In hemodialysis, what is the primary function of the arteriovenous (AV) fistula or graft? - Ans - To provide access for vascular catheters What is a common complication associated with hemodialysis access and can lead to reduced blood flow? - Ans - Stenosis _______________, or narrowing of the vascular access, is a common complication that can reduce blood flow during hemodialysis. - Ans - Stenosis What is the purpose of heparin during hemodialysis treatment? - Ans - To prevent clotting in the dialysis machine. What laboratory tests is used to assess a hemodialysis patient's anemia status? - Ans - Hemoglobin (Hb) ________________ are monitored in hemodialysis patients to access their anemia status. - Ans - Hemoglobin levels What is the primary role of the dialysis nurse in hemodialysis care? - Ans - To assess vascular access function and suitability. Which of the following medications are commonly prescribed to stimulate red blood cell production in hemodialysis patients? - Ans - Erythropoietin (EPO)

_______________ is prescribed to stimulate the production of red blood cells in hemodialysis patients with anemia. - Ans - Erythropoietin (EPO) What is a common electrolyte imbalance in hemodialysis patients characterized by low calcium levels? - Ans - Hypocalcemia ___________________ refers to low calcium levels in the blood and can occur in hemodialysis patients. - Ans - Hypocalcemia What laboratory tests is used to assess a hemodialysis patient's kidney function? - Ans - Serum creatinine ________________ levels are commonly used to assess kidney function in hemodialysis patients. - Ans - Serum creatinine What is the function of the carbon tanks? - Ans - Removes chlorine and chloramines What is empty bed contact time? - Ans - The time that the water is actually in contact with the carbon filter. What is the minimum empty bed contact time (EBCT) allowed? - Ans - minimum of 12 minutes How often is the empty bed contact time (EBCT) calculated? - Ans - Monthly by technical team Where is empty bed contact time (EBCT) documented? - Ans - ER-1 log or TMS What is the maximum allowable limit fir total chlorine? - Ans - 0.09ppm What is the action level for total chlorine? - Ans - 0.10ppm What is FMC policy for total chlorine breakthrough primary/worker carbon filter? - Ans - Place machines in bypass by lifting the Hanson doors What is FMC policy for total chorine breakthrough secondary/polisher carbon filter? - Ans - Discontinue patients treatments (no not returned patients blood in the event of medical director