Understanding Moisture in Different Contexts: Definitions and Equilibria, Exercises of Engineering Science and Technology

Download Understanding Moisture in Different Contexts: Definitions and Equilibria and more Exercises Engineering Science and Technology in PDF only on Docsity! mixture design, n mixture design, n - - a design in which two or more ingredients or components shall be mixed and the response is a property of the resulting mixture that does not depend upon the amount of the mixture. E 456, E 11 mixture design, n - - a design in which two or more ingredients or components shall be mixed and the response is a property of the resulting mixture that does not depend upon the amount of the mixture. NOTE--The proportions of each of the q components (Xi) in the mixture shall satisfy the conditions O --< X i --<1 and ~ i ~ 1X i = 1; and each experimental point is defined in terms of these proportions. NOTE--In some fields of application the experiment mixtures are described by the terms formulation or blend. The use of mixture designs is appropriate for experimenting with the formulations of manufactured products, such as paints, gasoline, foods, rubber, and textiles. NOTE--In some applications, the proportions of the components of the mixture may vary between 0 and 100 % of the mixture (complete domain). In others, there may be operative restraints, so that at least one component cannot attain 0 or 100 % (reduced domain). E 1325, E l l mobile carr ier - -dis t inct species moving freely within a membrane for the purpose of increasing the selective sorption and flux of a specific component in a feed stream relative to all other compo- nents. D 6161, D19 mobile home--Obsolete term. Use manufactured home. (See build- ing.) E 631, E06 mobius l oop - -a one-sided surface formed by holding one end of a rectangle fixed, rotating the opposite end through 180 ° and then applying it to the first end. F 221, F05 mocha leather-- leather from any variety of hair sheep; after the grain has been removed by a liming process known as frizing, the fine fibers below the grain are sueded. D 1517, D31 mocha suede---a washable and durable suede produced from chrome- tanned Arabian blackhead hair sheepskins (commonly called blackhead mochas) mechanically abraded on the flesh side. Tight- ness of fiber structure found in these skins imparts the character- istic fineness of finish associated with mocha suede. D 1517, D31 mockflat-felled seam, n--See double-welt seam. D 4965, D13 mock French seam, n - - a complex seam formed on the inside of the object with raw edges enclosed and no stitching rows visible on the face side; similar in appearance to the French seam but constructed differently. (Compare French seam.) D 123, D13 mock French seam, n--in home sewing, a complex seam formed on the inside of the product with cut edges enclosed and no stitching visible on the face side; similar in appearance to the French seam but constructed differently. (Compare French seam.) D 4965, D 13 mock l en t weave, n - - a weave in which the warp yarns remain parallel but form open warp stripes by programmed interlacing of warp and filling yarns simulating a lent appearance. D 123, D13 mock lent weave, n - - a weave in which the warp yarns remain parallel but form open warp stripes by programmed interlacing of warp and filling yarns simulating a lent appearance. D 7018, D13 mockup, n - - a section or a structure or assembly, built full-size or to scale, for the purpose of studying construction details, testing performance, judging appearance, or any combination thereof. E 631, E06 modacry l i c - -a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming sub- stance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of less than 85 % but at least 35 % by weight of acrylonitrile units (ICzCHzICzCHICz), except fiber qualify- I CN ing under rubber , 2, and anidex. *****novoloid--a manufactured fiber containing at least 85 % by weight of a cross-linked novolac. D 123, D13 388 modality, n- -any of the sensory systems (for example, auditory, taste, olfaction, touch, or visual modality). E 253, E l8 mode, n-- the value of the variate for which the relative frequency in a series of observations reaches a local maximum. D 123, D13 mode, n- -an output of an IR thermometer that gives a representation of a temperature using a disclosed calculation technique with respect to selected reference (for example, blackbody, oral, rectal, etc.). E 344, E20 mode- - the type of ultrasonic wav e propagating in the materials as characterized by the particle motion (for example, longitudinal, transverse, and so forth). E 1316, E07 mode---one of the three classes of crack (surface) displacements adjacent to the crack tip. These displacement modes are associated with the stress-strain fields around the crack tip and are designated one, two, and three. Arabic numerals 1, 2, and 3 are used for the general case, and they represent opening, sliding, and tearing displacements, respectively. Roman numerals are used to special- ize the mode to plane strain (I and II) or to antiplane-strain (III). E 1823, E08 mode conversion--phenomenon by which an ultrasonic wave that is propagating in one mode can reflect or refract at an interface to form ultrasonic wave(s) of other modes. E 1316, E07 model code, n--a proposed code that is established within the procedural framework of a group of knowledgeable people, and is designed for adoption by governmental authority. E 631, E06 model code--See code. E 631, E06 model evaluation, n - - the process of quantifying the accuracy of chosen results from a model when applied for a specific use. E 176, E05 model signature, n - - a signature that is used as a prototype for a simulation or copy, by manual electronic or other means. E 2195, E30 model validation, n-- the process of determining the correctness of the assumptions and governing equations implemented in a model when applied to the entire class of problems addressed by the model. E 176, E05 model verification, n-- the process of determining the correctness of the solution of a system of governing equations in a model. With this definition, verification does not imply the solution of the correct set of governing equations, only that the given set of equations is solved correctly. E 176, E05 MODEM--modulator/demodulator . F 1457, F05 mode of control, n- -means the pilot uses to direct the activity of the UAV. There are three modes of control: fully autonomous, semi- autonomous, and remote control. A UAV may use different modes of control in different phases of flight. F 2395, F38 moderately conductive, adj--describes a solid material having a volume resistivity between 1 and 10 000 000 f l -cm. D 1711, D09 m o d e r a t o r - - a material used to slow fast neutrons. Neutrons are slowed down when they collide with atoms of light elements such as hydrogen, deuterium, beryllium, and carbon. E 1316, E07 modernize, v-- in building, to adapt to current needs, tastes, or usage by remodeling or repair. E 631, E06 modernize--See building modification. E 631, E06 modes, n- -o f appearance, various manners in which colors can be perceived (see also aperture mode, illuminant mode, object mode.) E 284, El2 modified Auger pa rame te r - - the Auger parameter plus the photon energy, which equals the kinetic energy of the sharpest Auger peak plus the binding energy of the most intense photoelectron peak. E 673, E42 modified design--a concrete pipe design changed from a standard design. C 822, C13 modified general question test (MGQT), n-- tes t format patterned after the Reid test and modified by the U.S. Military. It contains relevant, irrelevant, and comparison questions. The MGQT is widely used in the field, and has a body of validity research. E 2035, E52 modulus of elasticity, MPa (FL -2), n modified grab test, n--in fabric testing, a tensile test in which the control part of the width of the specimen is gripped in the clamps and in which lateral slits are made midlength of the specimen severing all yarns bordering that portion of the specimen held between the two clamps. D 123, D13 modified grab test, n--in fabric testing, a tensile test in which the control part of the width of the specimen is gripped in the clamps and in which lateral slits are made midlength of the specimen severing all yarns bordering that portion of the specimen held between the two clamps. D 4850, D13 modified groove--see female end of pipe. C 822, C 13 modified internal rate of return (MIRR)--See adjusted internal rate of return (AIRR). E 631, E06 modified internal rate of return( M1RR ), n--See adjusted internalrate of return (AIRR). E 833, E06 modified rosin, n--rosin that has been treated with heat or catalysts, or both with or without added chemical substances, so as to cause substantial change in the structure of the rosin acids, as isomer- ization, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, or polymerization, with- out substantial effect on the carboxyl group. D 804, D01 modified tonguemsee male end of pipe. C 822, C13 modified vegetable oil--an oil, extracted from seeds, that has been chemically modified (for example, methylated). E 1519, E35 modified vegetable oil concentrate--an emulsifiable, chemically modified vegetable oil product containing 5 to 20 % w/w surfac- tant and the remainder chemically modified vegetable oil. E 1519, E35 modified worsted system, n- -a worsted system for spinning manu- factured fibers which relies on pin control of fibers during sliver weight reduction, but which bypasses the system of combing required with wool to remove noil. D 123, D13 modified worsted system, n- -a worsted system for spinning man- made fibers which relies on pin control of fibers during sliver weight reduction, but which bypasses the system of combing required with wool to remove noil. D 4849, D 13 modifier--in grouting, an additive used to change the normal chemical reaction or final physical properties of a grout system. D 653, D 18 modifier, n--ingredient which, when added to an adhesive, changes its properties. D 907, D14 modular container--See container. D 996, D 10 modular dwelling--a manufactured home consisting completely or in part of modules. E 631, E06 modular dwelling--See dwelling unit. E 631, E06 modulate, v--to vary a characteristic or parameter of an entity in accordance with a characteristic or parameter of another entity. E 131, E13 modulated current plating--a method of electroplating in which the cathode current density is changed periodically. See pulse plating, ripple plating, periodic reverse plating. B 374, B08 modulation--AES, the periodic waveform added to the spectrometer pass energy to obtain the desired Auger spectrum display. The modulation should be given as eV peak-to-peak, thereby including the geometrical factor of the spectrometer, rather than volts peak-to-peak. The frequency and waveforrn should also be given. E 673, FA2 modulation analysis--an analytical method used in electromagnetic testing that separates responses due to various factors influencing the total magnetic field by separating and interpreting, individu- ally, frequencies or frequency bands in the modulation envelope of the (carrier frequency) signal. E 1316, E07 modulation frequency, f v--the frequency, in Hz, at which radiant energy of a given wavenumber is modulated by a rapid-scanning interferometer. E 131, El3 modulation, MOD, n--the ratio of minimum edge contrast (ECmin) to symbol contrast (SC) expressed as: MOD = ECmin/SC F 1294, F05 modulation transfer function (MTF)---in infrared imaging systems, the modulus of a Fourier transform that describes the spatial distribution of the overall attenuation in amplitude of a thermal imaging system. NOTE MTF is a sensitive function of spatial frequency. E 1316, E07 modulator/demodulator, n- -a device that converts electronic signals from the form used in data processing (digital) to the form used in communication (analog), and vice versa. (See MODEM.) F 1457, F05 module, n--for inflatablerestraints, an assembly composed of an inflator, a cushion, a mounting device, a trigger, and a cover. D 123, D13 module--a membrane element combined with the element's housing. Pressure vessel containing membrane element(s). D 6161, D19 module, n--for inflatablerestraints, an assembly composed of an inflator, cushion, mounting device, trigger, and cover. D 6799, D 13 module, n- -a unit of structure based on a standard pattern of standard dimensions. (See also modular dwelling.) E 631, E06 module, n--the narrowest nominal width of bar or space in a symbol. F 1294, F05 modulo, n--an arithmetic operation in which the result is the remainder after division. The type of algorithm used to calculate the check digit for certain bar code symbols. F 1294, F05 modulus, n--as related to sealants used in building construction, the stress (force/unit area) at a corresponding strain (elongation) expressed as a percent of the original dimension. C 717, C24 modulus, n--the property of a material representative of its resistance to deformation. (See also chord modulus, initial modulus, tangent modulus, Young's modulus). D 123, D13 modulus, n--the ratio of stress to strain; that property of a material which, together with the geometry of a specimen, determines the stiffness of the specimen; may be static or dynamic, and if dynamic, is mathematically a vector quantity, the phase of which is determined by the phase of the complex force relative to that of deflection. (See also complex, elastic, damping.) D 1566, D11 modulus, n--the property of a material representative of its resistance to deformation. (See also chord modulus, initial modulus, tangent modulus, Young'smodulus). D 4848, D 13 modulus, complex--see complex modulus. D 4092, D20 modulus, complex--see complex modulus. E 1142, E37 modulus, elastic--see complex modulus and storage modulus. D 4092, D20 modulus, elastic--see complex modulus and storage modulus. E 1142, E37 modulus, loss--see complex modulus and loss modulus. D 4092, D20 modulus, loss--see complex modulus and loss modulus. E 1142, E37 modulus of deformation--see modulus of elasticity. D 653, D18 modulus of elasticity--see complex modulus and storage modulus. D 4092, D20 modulus of elasticity--see complex modulus and storagemodulus. E 1142, E37 modulus of elasticity--for a given material, the ratio of unit stress to unit strain within its elastic range which may be used as a measure of stiffness. Sometimes called Young's Modulus. F 1789, F16 modulus of elasticity [FL-2], n--the ratio of stress to corresponding strain below the proportional limit. E 6, E28 modulus of elasticity (modulus of deformation), E, M (FL-2)--the ratio of stress to strain for a material under given loading conditions; numerically equal to the slope of the tangent or the secant of a stress-strain curve. The use of the term modulus of elasticity is recommended for materials that deform in accordance with Hooke's law; the term modulus of deformation for materials that deform otherwise. D 653, D18 modulus of elasticity, MPa (FL -2), n the ratio of stress (nominal) 389