Dietary Recommendations for Older Adults, Exams of Nutrition

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Vitamin B-12 is often poorly absorbed by those of which age group, which places them at risk for neurological disorders? A. infants and young children B. teens C. young to middle-aged adults D. elderly adults - - correct answer ✅D Though the daily recommended water intake is the same for younger and older adults, it may be more difficult for older adults to obtain adequate water because: A. with age there is a reduction in the sense of thirst, which can decrease fluid intake. B. older adults often have mobility limitations, reducing their access to fluids. C. older adults experience greater water losses due to decreased water conservation by the kidneys. D. all of the above are correct. - - correct answer ✅D One reason why a person at age 70 needs fewer kilocalories per day compared to a person at age 30 is __________________.

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A. due to a decrease in Basal Metabolic Rate B. due to an increase in Basal Metabolic Rate C. due to an increase in physical activity D. NOT due to any of the above reasons - - correct answer ✅A Sprinting up a flight of stairs would primarily use ____________ for _______________ metabolism. A. Glucose, anaerobic B. Triglycerides, anaerobic C. Glycogen, aerobic D. Amino acids, anaerobic - - correct answer ✅A Carbohydrate loading is designed to increase ____________. A. Muscle glycogen levels B. Muscle fat stores C. Muscle protein stores D. Electrolyte stores - - correct answer ✅A In addition to consuming adequate energy and lifting weights, athletes who want to build muscle should consume ________ grams of protein per kilogram body weight.

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A light meal eaten 2 to 4 hours before participating in a sporting event could include: A. Fried chicken B. French fries C. High-fiber cereal D. Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches - - correct answer ✅D What are the three most important nutrients to replace after vigorous activity? A. Water, protein, fat B. Water, B-vitamins, glucose C. Water, iron, protein D. Water, carbohydrate, sodium - - correct answer ✅D Caffeine is used as an ergogenic aid by some athletes because it is thought to A. Increase use of fat for energy production B. Provide lots of energy in very few calories C. Increase muscle size and power D. Flush the muscles of lactic acid - - correct answer ✅A

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Which action resulted in cross-contamination? A. Defrosting the chicken on the counter. B. Using the same cutting board for chicken and lettuce without washing it. C. Serving olives from a dented, bulging can. D. Leaving leftovers at room temperature for four hours. - - correct answer ✅B Which action may have caused botulism? A. Defrosting the chicken on the counter. B. Using the same cutting board for chicken and lettuce without washing it. C. Serving olives from a dented, bulging can. D. Leaving leftovers at room temperature for four hours. - - correct answer ✅C

. To minimize the risk of foodborne illness, what is the maximum amount of time you could leave leftovers on the table (unheated and unrefrigerated)? A. 30 minutes B. 1 hour

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D. Infection - - correct answer ✅D Pasteurization involves the exposure of food to ________ temperatures for _________ periods to destroy harmful microorganisms A. Low/long B. Medium/long C. High/long D. High/short - - correct answer ✅D Which of the following actions would minimize your risk of food borne illness? A. Cooling hot food on the kitchen counter before putting it in the refrigerator. B. Using a thermometer to determine when meat is fully cooked. C. Thawing frozen pork chops on the kitchen counter before cooking. D. Eating cookie dough with raw egg whites instead of whole eggs. -

• correct answer ✅B What person would be most at risk for illness from microorganisms in the food?

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A. A 23 year old healthy man B. An overweight 40 year old woman C. A 6 month old baby D. A 14 year old girl - - correct answer ✅C What is the most common reason (worldwide) for people to develop a vitamin or mineral deficiency? A. making poor choices from commercially processed foods B. not having enough to eat over time C. destruction of nutrients as a result of food additives D. eating food grown without synthetic fertilizer - - correct answer ✅B In developing nations, the number one cause of childhood blindness is____________. A. Marasmus (PEM) B. Iodide deficiency C. Vitamin A deficiency D. Iron deficiency anemia - - correct answer ✅C

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D. Delivers hot meals to home-bound elderly individuals. - - correct answer ✅B Which of the following nutrition assistance programs provides support to low-income breastfeeding women? A. SNAP B. Meals on Wheels C. WIC D. EFNEP - - correct answer ✅C Long-term solutions to world hunger are ________ and __________. A. Reducing birthrate/political stability B. Jobs/self-sufficiency C. Cash crops/government aid D. Vaccinations/private aid - - correct answer ✅B Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are created by______________. A. Selectively breeding B. Splicing a gene from one organism to another

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C. Grafting pieces of one plant to another D. Growing plants in a controlled environment (laboratory) - - correct answer ✅B For good recovery after a workout, athletes should consume foods high in ____________ within 30 minutes. A. CHO and Protein B. Fat C. Protein D. Protein and Fat - - correct answer ✅A

. What is the purpose of the MyPlate Food Guidance System? A. To help consumers meet nutrient needs within kcal needs by making dietary intake recommendations based on food groups. B. To help diabetic patients plan a diet using the Exchange System C. To provide recommendations for healthy lifestyles (ex: make half of your grains whole grains). D. To help consumers differentiate good foods from bad foods. - - correct answer ✅A

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C. frying fish instead of grilling D. choose regular yogurt instead of fat-free yogurt - - correct answer ✅A Which of the following is an example of incorporating "variety" into a diet? A. choosing unprocessed, organic foods B. selecting whole grain sources of carbohydrate such as whole wheat bread C. enjoying candy in small quantities D. eating five different kinds of fruits each week - - correct answer ✅D Paul wants to incorporate "moderation" in his diet. Which of the following is an example of moderation? A. choosing a 12 oz can of soda instead of the 24 oz bottle. B. incorporating spinach into every meal each day C. avoiding foods that are high in kcal D. meeting the RDA for every nutrient each day - - correct answer ✅A

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Which of the following is/are functions of water in the human body? a. serves as a component of all cells b. takes part in biochemical reactions c. carries waste products from body cells d. allows joints to move smoothly e. A, B, C, and D are all functions of water - - correct answer ✅E What is the largest compartment of body water? a. blood plasma b. saliva c. intracellular fluid d. extracellular fluid - - correct answer ✅C A/an ______________ is a substance dissolved in a/an _________________. a. antidiuretic hormone; hypothalamus b. fluid; electrolyte c. solute; solvent d. solvent; solute - - correct answer ✅C

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d. 1 mL per kilojoule expended - - correct answer ✅C Nutrients are ______________________. a. the 6 substances present in greatest volume in the human body b. approximately 9 chemical elements identified when a human body is analyzed c. all the chemical compounds found in the human body d. chemicals found in food that the human body needs for normal functioning - - correct answer ✅D Macronutrients are _______________________. a. vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals b. nutrients that provide the body with energy c. carbohydrates, lipids, protein, and water d. substances consumed in amounts too large for good health - - correct answer ✅C Which of the following is an example of malnutrition? a. A woman suffering from vitamin B12 deficiency b. A hospital patient who is severely underweight c. An obese teenager

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d. All are examples of malnutrition - - correct answer ✅D What are the three most basic functions of nutrients?

1. serve as regulators of metabolic reactions
2. provide energy for body processes
3. activate compounds to prevent cancer
4. detoxify life-threatening substances
5. provide materials for body structure A. 1, 2, 3 B. 1, 2, 5 C. 2, 3, 4 D. 2, 4, 5 E. 3, 4, 5 - - correct answer ✅B Which of the following classes of nutrients is organic? a. vitamins b. minerals c. water d. none of the above - - correct answer ✅A

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d. a and b - - correct answer ✅D The observation that natives in Africa who eat higher fiber diets rarely develop appendicitis, bowel cancer, or heart disease, whereas Europeans who live in Africa and eat lower fiber diets have a higher incidence of these problems, is an example of ___________________. a. a metabolic study b. an epidemiological study c. anecdotal evidence d. a cross-over study - - correct answer ✅B An article is submitted to a scientific journal and it is read, analyzed and evaluated by two or more researchers who were not involved in the research study. Before the article is accepted for publication, they examine it to make sure that the experiment was not flawed and that the results were interpreted correctly. This system is called ________________. a. experimental consultation

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b. editorial c. peer review d. journal critique - - correct answer ✅C Which answer below lists the basic steps of the scientific method in the correct order? a. observation, hypothesis, experiment, theory b. hypothesis, publication, experiment theory c. theory, observation, hypothesis, experiment d. experiment, hypothesis, observation, theory - - correct answer ✅A In experimental studies, the group that does not receive the treatment being tested is called what? a. experimental group b. control group c. subject group d. limited group - - correct answer ✅B Select the correct formula that calculates a nutrient density. a. kcal/gram of food